Abstract: Alkadienyl ethers are prepared by the telomerization of conjugated dienes with polyols by continuous addition of the alkadiene to a reaction mixtue comprised of the polyol, secondary alcohol solvent, a portion of the alkadiene to be added, and low palladium catalyst concentration.

Abstract: A process for preparing hydroxyl-containing compounds which comprises contacting a carboxylated hydroxyl-containing compound with a metal oxide catalyst under conditions effective to produce the hydroxyl-containing compound.

Abstract: A composition useful as a medicament with improved penetration of cell membranes comprising an active material and a compound of general formula: ##STR1## wherein either residue R.sub.1 or R.sub.2 is an alkyl, alkylene, alkynyl or alkoxy group of 3-7 carbon atoms, and the other residue is a hydrogen atom, together with pharmaceutical additives and dilution agents.

Abstract: New, cationically curable oxyalkylene ethers and the synthesis thereof are disclosed. The oxyalkylene ethers, are of the general, average formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is an n-valent residual group derived from a compound (R.sup.1)H.sub.n from which n active hydrogen atoms have been split off and is capable of entering into an addition reaction with oxiranes, or a univalent alkyl or aryl group, and n.gtoreq.1;R.sup.2 is a hydrogen, hydrocarbon or R.sup.3 OCH.sub.2 -- group;R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each hydrogen, hydrocarbon or acyl groups, and R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 may have different meanings in the molecule;R.sup.5, R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are each hydrogen or alkyl groups with 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or R.sup.5 and R.sup.7, or R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 together are a constituent of a cyclic, non-aromatic hydrocarbon group with 5 or 6 carbon atoms;m is at least 1 and at most n;x is the average molecule=3 to 100, andy in the average molecule=0 to 100, provided that 3.ltoreq.x+y<150.

Abstract: Alkoxylates of active hydrogen compounds having a peaked molecular weight distribution are prepared by reacting the active hydrogen compound with an alkylene oxide of from 2 to 4 carbon atoms using iron oxides as alkoxylation catalysts.

Abstract: A one-step process for producing an alkenyl ether in only one step and under mild conditions by reacting an aldehyde of the formula ##STR1## with an alcohol of the formulaR.sup.3 --OHin the presence of an acidic catalyst in liquid phase, and recovering as the reaction product an alkenyl ether of the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1 is a 2-8 C alkyl or R--CH.sub.2 --CH.dbd. wherein R is a 1-8 C alkyl group,R.sup.2 is a 1-6 C alkyl,R.sup.3 is a linear or branched 6-12 C alkyl, a cyclohexyl, a hydroxyhexamethylenyl or ##STR3## wherein R' is H and n is 2 or 3, R.sup.4 is hydrogen or R--CH.sub.2 --CH.dbd. wherein R is a 1-8 C alkyl group, andR.sup.5 is a 2-8 C alkyl or R--CH.dbd.CH-- wherein R is a 1-8 C alkyl.

Abstract: A novel optically active allyl alcohol derivative represented by the following general formulae (I), (II), (III) and (IV): ##STR1## The novel optically active allyl alcohol can be used effectively for producing leucotrienes B.sub.4 by the process of reacting an optically active halogen substituted allyl alcohol and a novel optically active acetylene-substituted allyl alcohol.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel substituted cyclohexanol compounds possessing a sandalwood aroma which are useful as fragrance materials. The invention also provides methods for synthesis thereof through a novel aldehyde intermediate. The compounds of the invention have the formula: ##STR1## and wherein R.sub.1 is methyl or ethyl, R.sub.2 -R.sub.7 are independently hydrogen or methyl with the proviso that a maximum of two of the substituents R.sub.2 -R.sub.7 are methyl, and R.sub.8 is hydrogen, lower alkyl (C.sub.1 or C.sub.5) or acyl. The invention also provides fragrance compositions which utilize the compounds of the invention to impart a sandalwood aroma to perfume compositions, colognes and perfumed articles.

Abstract: A process is described for the improved synthesis of the optically pure C.sub.10 -C.sub.24 fragment of the macrolide structure of the immunosuppressant FK-506. This compound is also useful as an intermediate for preparing FK-506 derivatives.

Abstract: Process for preparing predominantly Z-substituted allylic alcohols of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a straight or branched C.sub.1 -C.sub.25 alkyl group optionally bearing at least one substituent and/or at least one unsaturated linkage and R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, which comprises reacting a vinyl epoxide of the formula: ##STR2## wherein R.sup.2 is as defined above with an organolithium compound of the formula above. More particularly, there is disclosed a process for R.sup.1 --Li wherein R.sup.1 is as defined above; particularly, process for preparing .alpha.-santalol of the formula: ##STR3## which comprises reacting 3-methyl-3,4-epoxybutene-1 with lithiomethyl-2,3-dimethyltricyclo[2.2.1.0.sup.2,6 ]heptane.

Abstract: Dien-1-ols of the general formula I ##STR1## where the radicals R.sup.1 to R.sup.7 are identical to or different from one another and each is hydrogen or straight-chain or branched alkyl of 1-12 carbon atoms and n is 1-14, are prepared by dehydrating a hydroxyalkenyl tert-butyl ether of the formula II ##STR2## in the presence of an acidic catalyst at elevated temperatures and essentially at the same time splitting off the tert-butyl protective group, as is 9-hydroxydodec-10-enyl 1-tert-butyl ether which is useful as an intermediate for synthesizing 8,10-dodecadienol.

Abstract: 3,9-Dihydroxynonyne and its derivatives protected at the 9-OH function, of the general formula I ##STR1## where R is hydrogen or a conventional alcohol protective group, and processes for the preparation of the compounds I.

Abstract: Described are 3,7-dimethyl-6,7-dioxo-1,3-octadienes or mixtures of same defined according to the structure: ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen or ethyl and X is one of the moieties: ##STR2## and wherein the wavy lines represent a "E" or "Z" configuration of the methyl and vinyl moiety about the 3,4-pi-bond of the molecule, as well as methods for methods for augmenting or enhancing the aroma of consumable materials including perfumes, colognes and perfumed articles by adding thereto an aroma augmenting or enhancing quantity of at least one of said 3,7-dimethyl-6,7-dioxo-1,3-octadienes.

Abstract: A halogenated polyether is provided having a chemical structure which has been found to possess the requisite characteristics for satisfactory service as a promoter of good adhesion between a polymeric surface (e.g., a polyethylene terephthalate tire cord) and an elastomeric material (e.g., rubber). The halogenated polyether may be formed by (1) the reaction of an organic polyhydroxy compound with epihalohydrin (e.g., epichlorohydrin) to create ether linkages, (2) the epoxidation of the ends of the ether chains which extend from the residual portion of the organic polyhydroxy compound, and (3) the substantial hydrolysis of the epoxy groups (as described). The resulting halogenated polyether is substantially free of epoxy groups, contains at least one 2-halomethyloxyethylene unit, and contains 2,3-dihydroxypropyl end groups (as described). Such halogenated polyether optionally may be provided in the form of an oligomer (as described).

Abstract: Conjugated diolefins such as 1,3-butadiene are converted to ethers by reaction with aliphatic hydroxyl-containing compounds such as ethylene glycol in the presence of a chelating phosphine adduct of zero valent nickel. A preferred chelating phosphine ligand is 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane.

Abstract: This invention relates to compounds having the structure ##STR1## wherein M is an alkali metal and n is an integer having a value of from 0 to 12. The invention also relates to the method of preparing said metal derivatives of butenediol and to their catalytic use in vinylation reactions.

Abstract: A cationic ring-opening polymerization of a cyclic ether ("CE") in conjunction with an unsaturated alcohol (propagator) having an allyl double bond, produces a polyether macromer having an allylic group near one end and a hydroxyl group at the other. The polymerization proceeds by polyaddition of the CE to the OH group which is the propagating species. The CE is an alkylene oxide or an aliphatic or aromatic glycidyl ether; the propagator is a primary or secondary alcohol which, if cyclic may have a single internal double bond in one ring. The catalyst is a Friedel-Crafts acid, strong protic organic or inorganic acid, oxonium salt, or the like.

Abstract: In a process for the preparation of allylic ethers which comprises contacting and reacting an allylic alcohol reactant comprising one or more C.sub.6 to C.sub.20 allylic alcohols with a glycol reactant comprises one or more C.sub.2 or C.sub.3 alkylene glycols and their polyalkylene glycols in the presence of a cuprous salt catalyst and an acidic co-catalyst, the invention is the improvement which comprises contacting the allylic alcohol and alkylene glycol reactants in an agitated reaction mixture containing a solvent for the allylic alcohol reactant and the ether product which is substantially immiscible with the alkylene glycol reactant, said solvent being present in the reaction mixture in a quantity by weight which is at least about three times the weight of the allylic alcohol reactant. The improvement of the invention substantially increases the selectivity of the process for the production of the allylic ethers.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a pulverulent organomagnesium compound involves bringing together into intimate admixture a particulate hydroxyl functional material with an organomagnesium-containing material. The process is conducted at a temperature below the melting point of the hydroxyl functional material but at a temperature sufficient to convert at least a portion of the hydroxyl functional material to the pulverulent organomagnesium compound. The aforesaid organomagnesium compounds are useful as intermediates in generating anionic sites for anionic polymerization.

Abstract: Ruthenium carbonyl-cobalt carbonyl catalyst mixtures effectively catalyze the dealkoxyhydroxymethylation of aldehyde acetals, wherein said acetal may be prepared separately or in situ from an aldehyde and an alcohol. Methylal, for example, may be reacted with syngas, i.e., CO and H.sub.2, in the presence of this ruthenium carbonyl-cobalt carbonyl catalyst to form the monomethyl ether of ethylene glycol.The invention also is directed to the ruthenium carbonyl-promoted cobalt carbonyl catalysts per se, including novel precipitated forms of these ruthenium-cobalt carbonyl catalyst mixtures.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of hydrogen ion-exchanged layered clays in organic reactions which are catalyzed by protons. Such organic reactions include the production of ethers by the reaction of an alcohol with an olefin or an olefin oxide, the production of an ether by the reaction of a primary or secondary aliphatic alcohol or an olefin oxide, the production of an alkyl aromatic compound by the reaction of an aromatic hydrocarbon with an olefin or a C.sub.2 or higher alcohol and the production of an alcohol by the hydration of an olefin.

Abstract: Allyl methyl ethers are transetherified with alcohols by use of a catalyst of a solid acid that contains no mercury or cuprous salt catalyst.

Abstract: Triglycerine monoalkyl ethers of the general formula (I), which are novel polyol ether compounds, ##STR1## in which R represents a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched fatty hydrocarbon group having from 8 to 24 carbon atoms.The ethers (I) of the present invention are prepared from firstly subjecting 1,3-bis-o-(2,3-o-isopropylideneglyceryl)glycerine (II) and an etherifying agent (IV) to Williamson's ether synthesis reaction, and the resulting 1,3-bis-o-(2,3-o-isopropylideneglyceryl)-2-o-alkylglycerine (III) is subsequently subjected to hydrolysis.The ethers according to the invention are chemically stable because no linkages susceptible to decomposition, e.g. ester bond, are contained in the molecular structure of the ethers. Moreover, the ethers give a reduced degree of stimulus to the skin and have the surface activity, so that they are useful as an emulsifier, oil (emolient), humectant, thickener and particularly as a component of cosmetics.

Abstract: Catalysts producing a sharply peaked alkoxylation distribution during the alkoxylation of organic materials comprise mixtures of BF.sub.3 and metal alkyls or metal alkoxides, SiF.sub.4 and metal alkyls or metal alkoxides, or mixtures of these catalysts.

Abstract: Described are ether carbinols defined according to the generic structure: ##STR1## wherein X.sub.1 represents a moiety selected from the group consisting of: ##STR2## and wherein Y.sub.1 represents C.sub.4 or C.sub.5 alkylene; C.sub.4 or C.sub.5 alkenylene or C.sub.4 or C.sub.5 alkynylene; processes for preparing such ether carbinols by means of first reacting allyl ethers with a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen by means of an oxo reaction to produce ether carboxaldehydes and then reducing the thus formed ether carboxaldehydes to ether carbinols; or reacting camphene with appropriate diols; as well as methods for augmenting or enhancing the aroma or taste of consumable materials including perfumes, colognes and perfumed articles; foodstuffs, chewing gums, chewing tobaccos, medicinal products and toothpastes; and smoking tobaccos and smoking tobacco articles by adding thereto an aroma or taste augmenting or enhancing quantity of the thus produced ether carbinols.

Abstract: Disclosed is a polyol ether compound represented by the general formula (I): ##STR1## in which R represents a saturated or unsaturated, straight-chain or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 8 to 24 carbon atoms, and R' represents a saturated or unsaturated, straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms.A preparation process of the compound (I) is also disclosed.Compounds according to the invention show excellent emulsification stability and are suitable to be a cosmetic composition.

Abstract: Catalysts and a method of using said catalysts for the alkoxylation of a variety of materials is disclosed. Catalysts so described produce alkoxylates having a very sharp alkoxylate distribution. The catalysts are supported and unsupported dialkoxy and dialkyl metal fluorides and halides and alkyl metal difluorides and dihalides.

Abstract: Described are ether carbinols defined according to the generic structure: ##STR1## wherein X.sub.1 represents a moiety selected from the group consisting of: ##STR2## and wherein Y.sub.1 represents C.sub.4 or C.sub.5 alkylene or C.sub.4 or C.sub.5 alkenylene or C.sub.4 or C.sub.5 alkynylene; processes for preparing such ether carbinols by means of first reacting allyl ethers with a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen by means of an oxoreaction to produce ether carboxaldehydes and then reducing the thus formed ether carboxaldehydes to ether carbinols; or reacting camphene with appropriate diols; as well as methods for augmenting or enhancing the aroma or taste of consumable materials including perfumes, colognes and perfumed articles; foodstuffs, chewing gums, chewing tobaccos, medicinal products and toothpastes; and smoking tobaccos and smoking tobacco articles by adding thereto an aroma or taste augmenting or enhancing quantity of the thus produced ether carbinols.

Abstract: The invention relates to ethoxylates of diacetylene dialcohols as well as the use of these compounds as surfactants.

Abstract: The specification describes a process for the production of a 4-alkoxymethyl-1,3-dioxolan in good yield, in high purity and in a simple manner by reacting an alkyl glycidyl ether with a carbonyl compound in the presence of an acid catalyst. The 4-alkoxymethyl-1,3-dioxolan is useful as an intermediate for the production of an .alpha.-monoalkyl glyceryl ether by hydrolysis.

Abstract: Unsaturated acetoacetic acid esters are suitable as comonomers in the polymerization of unsaturated compounds in an aqueous medium. Particularly suitable are acetylacetoxyalkyl-allyl ethers which may be synthesized in an easy manner and correspond to the formulae ##STR1## Said allyl ether derivatives are especially prepared by reacting an allyl alcohol with an epoxide and reacting the resulting hydroxyalkyl-allyl ether with diketene. Both reaction steps are carried out at a temperature of from 0.degree. to 100.degree. C., preferably in the presence of a catalyst. The allyl ether derivatives may be copolymerized especially with vinyl compounds, such as vinyl esters, acrylic acid esters, olefins, vinyl halides and vinyl aromatic hydrocarbons.

Abstract: Propylene glycol monoalkyl ethers are prepared in good yield by reacting acetaldehyde and an alkanol (or by reacting an acetal) with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst comprising a cobalt-containing compound and a cocatalyst comprising a member of the group consisting of rhodium-containing compounds, ruthenium-containing compounds and nickel-containing compounds, and heating the resulting mixture at moderate temperatures and pressures for sufficient time to produce the desired glycol monoalkyl ether, and then recovering the same from the reaction mixture.

Abstract: Compounds of the general formula I: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are equal or different alkyl-, alkoxyalkyl-, or aryl groups, or together form a ring; R.sub.3 is an allyl or benzyl radical; and R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 represent hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkenyl or further compounds of the formula II: ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 have the meaning indicated above and R.sub.6 stands for hydrogen or methyl or to compounds which are modified by the addition of hydrogen to at least one olefinic or carbonylic double bond of compounds of the general formula I or II. The invention also relates to a process for preparing the new compounds. The compounds of the general formula II are obtained by thermal treatment of a selection of compounds of formula I, for which R.sub.3 stands for the allyl or methallyl radical. The compounds according to the invention are used as fragrant and flavoring substances.

Abstract: A process to form glycol ethers by reacting an organic compound (A) having at least one aliphatic hydroxyl group with an oxirane compound (B) under reaction conditions in the presence of a catalytic amount of a polymeric material that is substantially insoluble in the reaction mixture, said polymeric material having a plurality of pendant sulfonate moieties with divalent metal counterions. Preferential formation of the mono adduct of glycol ethers is noted.

Abstract: A method if provided for continuously hydrolyzing urethane foam in a vertically oriented hydrolysis reactor. In a preferred practice, a bed of foam particles is formed in the reactor. Superheated steam is flowed continuously upward through the bed at a temperature and rate such that only the foam particles then adjacent the bottom of the reactor are hydrolyzed and the bulk of the bed is not fluidized. Unreacted steam heats the unhydrolyzed foam. Liquid hydrolysis products are drained as they are formed to prevent hydrolysis-impeding liquid saturation of unhydrolyzed particles.

Abstract: A method for preparing a diaminoalkoxy compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein m and n are both numbers from 0 to about 25 and m+n equals at least 1, R.sub.1 is selected from H and a lower alkyl group having from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms; and R.sub.2 is selected from H and an alkyl group containing from 1 to about 10 carbon atoms; which comprises incrementally introducing a dicyanoglycol compound of the formula: ##STR2## wherein m, n, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 have the values indicated above into a reaction medium at a rate sufficient to minimize cleavage reactions, at a temperature of from about 90.degree. C. to about 160.degree. C. in the presence of hydrogen at a pressure of from about 800 psi to about 2200 psi; ammonia in an amount of from about 10 to about 40 weight percent based on the weight of dicyanoglycol compound; and a nickel catalyst in an amount sufficient to catalyze said reaction, whereby said dicyanoglycol compound is reduced to said diaminoalkoxy compound.

Abstract: The process for the manufacture of but-2-en-1-ol compounds by isomerizing but-3-en-1-ol compounds in the presence of a palladium catalyst and of hydrogen is improved by modifying the palladium catalyst with selenium or tellurium.The but-2-en-1-ols manufactured according to the invention are either solvents or valuable starting materials for the manufacture of solvents, dyes, surface coatings, paints and pesticides.

Abstract: Porous polyurethane solids such as open cell polyurethane foams are rapidly heated and hydrolytically decomposed into separate polyol component and diamine component by contacting the porous solids with saturated steam in a heated vacuum chamber. Separation of high quality liquid polyol and diamine is achieved.

Abstract: This invention is concerned with the employment of a water-soluble initiator, of sucrose, sorbitiol, trimethylpropane, ammonia or amine and water to form an initiator which is mixed and reacted with alkylene oxide in the presence of water and without the use of an added catalyst to produce polyether polyols for use in the production of urethane foams.

Abstract: Derivatives, analogs, and congeners of prostane having a 1-(hydroxymethyl)-1-oxo-prostane structure in the F.sub.1 series.

Abstract: A method for hydrolysis of polyurethane foam and recovery of diamines and polyethers (or polyesters) from the hydrolysate carried out near atmospheric pressure and temperatures above about 185.degree. C. in a reaction zone containing water vapor which comprises increasing the rate of diamine production by inclusion of a minor, but effective amount of ammonia in the reaction zone. Volitilized diamines separated from the foam are preferably removed from the reaction zone, e.g. in an overhead stream, while polyethers (or polyesters) separated from the foam are recovered as liquid bottoms from the reaction zone.

Abstract: Polyprenyl derivatives having the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may be the same or different and each represents hydrogen atom, hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group having 1-8 carbon atoms, an aliphatic acyloxy group having 2-18 carbon atoms, an aromatic acyloxy group or an araliphatic acyloxy group having 2-3 carbon atoms in the aliphatic acyl moiety, R.sup.3 represents hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1-8 carbon atoms, an aliphatic acyl group having 2-18 carbon atoms, an aromatic acyl group or an araliphatic acyl group having 2-3 carbon atoms in the aliphatic acyl moiety, n is an integer of 1-4 and, when n is an interger of 2-4, R.sup.2 's may be the same or different; provided that, when n is 1 or 2, at least one of R.sup.2 and R.sup.2 's is hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group, an aliphatic acyloxy group, an aromatic acyloxy group or an araliphatic acyloxy group. These derivatives are useful as medicines for treating peptic ulcer.

Abstract: A synthesis of vitamin E in racemic or optically active forms from methacryolein or beta-hydroxyisobutyric acid including intermediates in this synthesis.

Abstract: A synthesis of 2,6,10-trimethyl-undecan-1-ol, an intermediate for producing vitamin E, from methacrolein, crotonaldehyde, .beta.-hydroxy-isobutyric acid including intermediates in this synthesis.

Abstract: Novel substituted propargyl alcohols of the formula: ##STR1## novel allylic alcohols of the formula: ##STR2## .delta.,.epsilon.-unsaturated ketones of the formula: ##STR3## are provided. In the above formulas, R represents a group of the formula: ##STR4## wherein X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 are both hydrogen atoms or wherein one of X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 is a hydrogen atom, the other jointly with Z represents a bond; Z jointly with X.sub.1 or X.sub.2 represents a bond or separately represent a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group or a lower alkoxy group; R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are the same or different and represents hydrogen atoms or lower alkyl groups; n is 1 or 2; and when n is 2, X.sub.1, X.sub.2, X, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 may be the same or different. These novel compounds are easily produced and are useful as perfumes and as interrelated intermediates for the production of terpenoid compounds.

Abstract: A synthesis of 2,6,10-trimethyl-undecan-1-ol, an intermediate for producing vitamin E, from methacrolein, crotonaldehyde, .beta.-hydroxy-isobutyric acid including intermediates in this synthesis.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for preparing alkenyl ethers from high molecular weight polyols in a liquid phase system containing concentrated alkali metal hydroxide, water, water immiscible hydrocarbon solvent and high molecular weight polyol such that the addition of an alkenyl halide results in a reaction which yields an alkenyl ether product which is not readily distillable from the reaction solution at slightly elevated temperatures and atmospheric pressures.