Abstract: Provided is a method for preparing 2-cyclohexyl cyclohexanol, including: hydrogenating a cyclohexanone dimer with hydrogen gas at a temperature ranging from 150 to 250° C. in a reactor containing a catalyst to prepare 2-cyclohexylcyclohexanol, wherein the molar ratio of the hydrogen gas and oil ranges from 1 to 25. The method has advantages of high yield properties and allows for mass production, thereby enhancing the value of the industrial application.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel bis(aminophenylphenol) ligands and transition metal compounds derived therefrom. Also disclosed are methods of making the ligands and transition metal compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polymerizable compounds, to processes and intermediates for the preparation thereof, and to the use thereof for optical, electro-optical and electronic purposes, in particular in liquid-crystal (LC) media and LC displays, especially in LC displays of the PS (“polymer sustained”) or PSA (“polymer sustained alignment”) type.

Abstract: The present invention describes chemical systems and methods for reducing C—O, C—N, and C—S bonds, said system comprising a mixture of (a) at least one organosilane and (b) at least one strong base, said system being substantially free of a transition-metal compound, and said system optionally comprising at least one molecular hydrogen donor compound, molecular hydrogen, or both.

Abstract: The present invention concerns compounds derived from the anaethetic propofol. The compounds may be useful in the treatment of pain, particularly, but not exclusively, chronic pain and central pain sensitisation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to liquid-crystalline media (LC media) having negative or positive dielectric anisotropy comprising self-aligning mesogens (SAMs) which effect homeotropic (vertical) alignment of the LC media at a surface or the cell walls of a liquid-crystal display (LC display). The invention therefore also encompasses LC displays having homeotropic alignment of the liquid-crystalline medium (LC medium) without conventional imide alignment layers. The LC media may be supplemented by a polymerisable or polymerised component, which serves for stabilisation of the alignment, for adjustment of the tilt angle and/or as passivation layer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a cross-coupling product of a benzenoid dizonium salt according to the general formula (I), wherein the groups R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5 represent hydrogen, halogen, an alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkoxy, aryloxy, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, acetyl, and/or diazo groups independently of each, and X represents BF4, Cl, F, SO3CH3, CO2CH3, PF6, ClO2CH3, or CIO4, comprising the following steps: (a) providing a benzenoid amide, which with the exception of the diazo function has the same substituents R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5 as the benzenoid diazonium salt of the general formula (I), and hydrolytically cleaving the amide to form an amine or providing a corresponding amine, (b) diazotizing the amine thus obtained or provided with a nitrite, and (c) subsequently reacting the benzenoid diazonium salt with a coupling partner in the presence of a catalyst to form a cross-coupling product, wherein the coupling parter is represented by the general formula (II), R6, R7, and R8 are the same or

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound as a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) activator and a hydrate, a solvate, a stereoisomer and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutical composition, a cosmetic composition, a muscle strengthening agent, a memory improving agent, a therapeutic agent for dementia and Parkinson's disease, a functional food and a feed composition containing the same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polymerisable compounds, to processes and intermediates for the preparation thereof, and to the use thereof for optical, electro-optical and electronic purposes, in particular in liquid-crystal (LC) media and LC displays, especially in LC displays of the PS (“polymer sustained”) or PSA (“polymer sustained alignment”) type.

Abstract: A paper product having an antimicrobial composition dispersed with the substrate is provided. In particular, a paper towel such as those found in public washrooms or institutions comprises an antimicrobial composition. The substrate can also be a facial tissue, kitchen towel, serviette or any type of personal hygiene product. The antimicrobial composition preferably comprises a phenol-derived antimicrobial agent. The paper products of the present invention appear dry to the touch.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing 4,4?-[1-(trifluoromethyl)alkylidene]bis(2,6-diphenylphenols), in particular for preparing 4,4?-[1-(trifluoromethyl)ethylidene]bis(2,6-diphenylphenol), which comprises the self-condensation of cyclohexanone in the presence of a basic catalyst to form tricyclic condensation products, dehydrogenation of the resulting tricyclic condensation products in the presence of a supported transition metal catalyst in the condensed phase to form 2,6-diphenylphenol and reaction of the 2,6-diphenylphenol with a trifluoromethyl ketone. The invention further provides an improved process for preparing 2,6-diphenylphenol by aldol self-condensation of cyclohexanone.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the hydroxylation of halogen aryl compounds carried out at a temperature lower than 200° C. in the presence of a catalytic system including a copper-based catalyst and a ligand L according to reaction scheme Formula (A), in which: R is selected from the groups having an acceptor inductive effect and the groups having a donor mesomer effect; M is selected from alkaline or alkaline-earth cations; X is a halogen atom; r is between 0 and 5; and the ligand L is selected from compounds having formula I.

Abstract: A paper product having an antimicrobial composition dispersed with the substrate is provided. In particular, a paper towel such as those found in public washrooms or institutions comprises an antimicrobial composition. The substrate can also be a facial tissue, kitchen towel, serviette or any type of personal hygeine product. The antimicrobial composition preferably comprises a phenol-derived antimicrobial agent. The paper products of the present invention appear dry to the touch.

Abstract: The present invention concerns compounds derived from the anaethetic propofol. The compounds may be useful in the treatment of pain, particularly, but not exclusively, chronic pain and central pain sensitisation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing 4,4?-[1-(trifluoromethyl)alkylidene]bis(2,6-diphenylphenols), in particular for preparing 4,4?-[1-(trifluoromethyl)ethylidene]bis(2,6-diphenylphenol), which comprises the self-condensation of cyclohexanone in the presence of a basic catalyst to form tricyclic condensation products, dehydrogenation of the resulting tricyclic condensation products in the presence of a supported transition metal catalyst in the condensed phase to form 2,6-diphenylphenol and reaction of the 2,6-diphenylphenol with a trifluoromethyl ketone. The invention further provides an improved process for preparing 2,6-diphenylphenol by aldol self-condensation of cyclohexanone.

Abstract: A method for producing a conjugated aromatic compound comprising reacting an aromatic compound (A) wherein one or two leaving groups are bonded to an aromatic ring with an aromatic compound (A) having the same structure as that of the above-mentioned aromatic compound (A) or an aromatic compound (B) being structurally different from the above-mentioned aromatic compound (A) and having one or two leaving groups bonded to an aromatic ring, in the presence of a nickel compound, a ligand, a manganese salt and a metal reducing agent.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a method of using Schwartz Reagent, Cp2Zr(H)Cl, without accumulating or isolating it. Methods provide mixtures of Cp2ZrCl2, reductants that selectively reduce Cp2ZrCl2, and substrates. After reaction of Cp2ZrCl2 and the reductant, an intermediate reduction product is formed, apparently Schwartz Reagent. The in situ Schwartz Reagent then selectively reduces certain functional groups on the substrate. Substrates include tertiary amides, tertiary benzamides, aryl O-carbamates, and heteroaryl N-carbamates, which are reduced to aldehydes, benzaldehydes, aromatic alcohols, and heteroaromatics, respectively. Compared to prior methods, reagents are inexpensive and stable, reaction times are short, and reaction temperature in certain cases is conveniently room temperature. It has been estimated that using the in situ method described herein instead of synthesized or commercially obtained Schwartz Reagent provides a 50% reduction in cost.

Abstract: 3-[5?-(3,4-bis(hydroxymethyl)benzyloxy)-2?-ethyl-2-propylbiphenyl-4-yl]pentan-3-ol is prepared from the novel intermediate, 6-ethyl-4?-(1-ethyl-1-hydroxypropyl)-2?-propylbiphenyl-3-ol.

Abstract: This invention provides 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-phenylethane having a crystal form characterized by an X-ray diffraction pattern having one sharp and strong peak at 16.4° and three sharp peaks of intermediate intensity at each of 13°-16° and 17°-20.8° and at least three peaks of intermediate intensity at 22°-23° as a diffraction angle (2?) in an X-ray diffractometry with Cu-K ?-rays, and being capable of giving the storing stability of a colored image and a non-colored portion against heat, water or the like and the low-energy color-developing property suitable for high-speed color development.

Abstract: A cyclohexane derivative having the function of reducing a blood sugar level and having preferable properties required of medicines, such as long-lasting drug activity, metabolic stability, and safety; and a medicinal composition for use in the prevention or treatment of diseases attributable to hyperglycemia, such as diabetes, e.g., insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (type 1 diabetes) or noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type 2 diabetes), complications of diabetes, and obesity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound of formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Formula (I), wherein R1 and R2 are each independently H or alkyl; Y is an alkyl group. CONR3R4, COOR5SO2NR16R17, NHSO2R18 or CN; X is an aryl or heteroaryl group, each of which may be optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from (CH2)mZ where Z is halogen, OH, CN, alkyl, alkoxy, NO2, CF3, CONR6R7, CN, NR8R9, COOR10 or NHCOR11 and m is 0 to 3; R3 to R11 are each independently H, alkyl or aryl, wherein said alkyl and aryl groups are optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from halogen, OH, CN, alkyl, alkoxy, NO2, CF3, CONR12R13, CN, NH2, COOR14, NHCOR15, and CN; R12 to R18 are each independently H or alkyl, more preferably H or Me; n is 1 to 6; wherein the compound is other than 3?,5?-dimethyl-4-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)-1,1?-biphenyl-2-ol.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel cascade polymer complexes, to compositions comprising these compounds, to the use of the complexes in NMR diagnosis, and to processes for preparing these compounds and compositions.

Abstract: There is described the preparation of phenylphenol compounds of formula (1) by reaction of a keto compound of formula (3) with dioxolane of formula (4) and with an ammonium compound of formula (5) to from &bgr;-aminoketone compound of formula (6) (reaction step (I)), reaction of the compound of formula (6) with a compound of formula (7) to form a compound of formula (2) (reaction step (II)), and subsequent alkylation to form a compound of formula (1) (reaction step (III)) in accordance with scheme (A); wherein R1, R2, R3, R6 and R7 are each independently of the others hydrogen or C1-C8alkyl; R4, R5 and R8 are each independently of the others hydrogen or C1-C5alkyl; ant Hal is a halogen atom. The compounds prepared in accordance with the invention are suitable as antimicrobial active substances.

Abstract: A liquid composition of phenolic compounds can be formed in the substantial absence of a solvent and a surfactant. This composition includes at least one substituted phenol and a halo-substituted phenol. In one embodiment, the composition includes benzylchlorophenol and at least one of phenylphenol and tert-pentylphenol. In another embodiment, the composition includes benzylchlorophenol, phenylphenol, and tert-pentylphenol. The composition may be useful for preparing an antimicrobial material. A liquid phenolic composition can be prepared by forming a composition having at least one substituted phenol and a halo-substituted phenol in the substantial absence of a solvent and surfactant and mixing the composition until a liquid phenolic composition is formed.

Abstract: New pesticidal substituted biphenyloxazolines of the formula (I) in whichA, B, X, m and n have the meanings stated in the description, and new intermediates therefor.

Abstract: 4-Hydroxybiphenyl is obtained in non-thixotropic form if a reaction mixture which is obtained by alkaline hydrolysis of biphenyl-4-sulfonic acid and contains 4-hydroxybiphenyl is heated at elevated pressure at above 115.degree. C. and at a pH from 0 to below 6.5.

Abstract: Para-cumylphenol is continuously produced by the reaction of purified phenol and alpha-methylatyrene in the presence of an acidic catalyst and an effective amount of hypophosphorous acid (H.sub.3 PO.sub.2) for stabilizing the color and UV absorption.

Abstract: To prepare hydroxydiphenyls, a compound or a mixture of several compounds consisting of completely or partly hydrogenated hydroxydiphenyl is dehydrogenated catalytically in the gas phase, a catalyst being employed which comprises, as the active constituents, a combination of rhodium and one or more other platinum metal(s) from the group comprising platinum, palladium, ruthenium and iridium, and which comprises, as promoters, one or more alkali metal hydroxides and/or alkali metal sulphates, the support of which comprises chromium and manganese.

Abstract: The phenols/phenol ethers are hydroxylated by reaction with hydrogen peroxide, in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of (a) at least one alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salt of a protonic acid having a pKa in water of less than -0.1 and (b) a free protonic acid.

Abstract: Provided is an improved process for preparing 2-(1-phenylethyl)hydroquinone and its diacetate salt. In this process, the differential solubility of product and starting materials hydroquinone and styrene in non-polar organic solvents is utilized to provide mono-alkylated materials which can be easily removed from the reaction mixture. A solid acid catalyst is also used which allows the isolation of product and recycle of unreacted starting materials to be accomplished on an industrial-scale continuous process.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved process for the preparation of phenylhydroquinone wherein hydroquinone is first alkylated with cyclohexene to produce cyclohexylhydroquinone which is then dehydrogenated to obtain phenylhydroquinone. The improvement comprises carrying out both the alkylation and dehydrogenation reactions in the presence of a solvent comprising diphenyl ether, biphenyl or a mixture thereof. The solvent possesses selective solubility for hydroquinone and cyclohexylhydroquinone which permits the separation of unreacted hydroquinone from the alkylation reaction product. The boiling point of the solvent also permits the dehydrogenation reaction to be performed at substantially atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: In a process for the preparation of 4,4'-dihydroxybiphenyl of high purity 4,4'-dibromobiphenyl is hydrolized in the presence of a copper compound catalyst, the insoluble materials comprising the catalyst is filtered off from the product mixture, 4,4'-dihydroxybiphenyl is precipitated by adjusting the pH and crude 4,4'-dihydroxybiphenyl separated from the product mixture is fractionally distilled to obtain substantially pure 4,4'-dihydroxybiphenyl.

Abstract: A method for preparing paracumylphenol in a highly selective manner which comprisesa. reacting alpha methylstyrene with a purity greater than about 99.5 wt. % with a molecular excess of phenol having a purity greater than about 99.95 wt. % in the contact presence of a solid organic cation exchange resin at a temperature of from about 40.degree. C. to about 100.degree. C. and obtaining a stream containing paracumylphenol, phenol and small quantitities of side reaction products comprising orthocumylphenol and alpha methylstyrene dimers,b. removing excess phenol and other unwanted materials which are lower boiling than paracumylphenol, thereby leaving a stream which is at least about 99 wt. % paracumylphenol.

Abstract: Biaryl derivatives are produced by coupling an aryl halide in an aqueous alkaline solution in the presence of a palladium catalyst, using formic hydrazide as the reducing agent.

Abstract: A process for producing an aromatic compound is disclosed, which comprises coupling an aromatic sulfinic acid or a salt thereof with an aromatic halogen compound having at least one halogen atom attached to the carbon atom of the aromatic nucleus thereof or a vinyl group-containing halogen compound having at least one halogen atom attached to the carbon atom of said vinyl group in the presence of a catalyst compound containing an element selected from platinum metals.

Abstract: The phenols and phenol ethers, e.g., phenol itself, are effectively hydroxylated by reacting hydrogen peroxide therewith, in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of titanium dioxide.

Abstract: A compound represented by the formula: ##STR1## and a compound represented by the formula: ##STR2## wherein R is C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkoxy, which is an intermediate for producing the above compound (1) are disclosed.

Abstract: A lower alcohol, for example, ethyl alcohol, is recovered from a reaction mixture resulted from a reaction of catechol with a lower alcohol in such a manner that the reaction mixture is distilled and separated into a distilled light vapor fraction comprising non-reacted lower alcohol and water and a residual fraction comprising a reaction product and non-reacted catechol; the distilled light vapor fraction is further distilled and separated into a distilled vapor fraction comprising the lower alcohol in an increased concentration and a residual water fraction; the distilled vapor fraction is fed to a gas-separating membrane module which allows water vapor to selectively permeate therethrough, and separated into a non-permeated fraction which comprises the lower alcohol in a high concentration, which is left in the feed side of the membrane, and a permeated fraction which comprises water in a high concentration, which is returned from the delivery side of the membrane to the further distilling step, and the no

Abstract: A process for dehydrating compounds of the formula ##STR1## where --R is --CH.dbd.CH.sub.2, --C.tbd.CH --C.tbd.N or ##STR2## in an aqueous solution thereof is disclosed. In the case where R is --CH.dbd.CH.sub.2 or --C.dbd.CH, the temperature is preferably at least 50.degree. C. and preferably 75.degree. to 100.degree. C. The base is at least 0.1N and preferably 1.0 to 8N. Preferred bases are NaOH, KOH and C.sub.5 OH. In the case where --R is C.tbd.N, the temperature preferably is 20.degree. to 50.degree. C.

Abstract: An optically active compound represented by the general formula (I) of:R--Z--COO--(Ph).sub.k --Ph(Y)--CO--(CH.sub.2).sub.m C*HE L (1)In the general formula (I); R is an alkyl or alkoxy group having 4 to 22 carbon atoms; Z is the one selected from the group consisting of --Ph--, --Ph(X)--, --Ph--Ph--, Ph(X)--Ph--, --Ph--cy--, --Ph(X)--cy-- and --py--Ph-- is a 1,4-substituted phenylene group; --Ph--Ph-- is a 4,4'-substituted diphenylene group; --cy-- is a trans-1,4-cyclohexane group, --py is 2,5-substituted pyrimide group; X is a halogen atom at the ortho-position to R; k is zero or 1, Y is the one selected from the group consisting of H, OH, halogen atoms and methyl group; C* is an asymmetric carbon atom; E is the one selected from the group consisting of methyl group, halogen atoms and CF.sub.3 ; L is an alkyl, aryl or aralkyl group having not more than 10 carbon atoms; and m is an integer of zero to 6 where m takes zero when Y is H and Z is --Ph-- or --Ph--Ph--.

Abstract: A process for alkylation of phenols comprising letting a phenol react with a vinyl-aromatic hydrocarbon substituted in the vinyl group, in the presence of an organic solvent and of an acid catalyst in an aqueous solution, and of a polymerization inhibitor.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of phenylhydroquinone by the reaction of a mixture of a benzenediazonium salt, hydroquinone and water while maintaining the pH in the range of about 3 to about 9.

Abstract: Cyclohexane derivatives of formula I ##STR1## wherein R is an alkyl group which has 1-12 C atoms and in which one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups can also be replaced by O, --CO--O-- or --OCO--,A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 each independently of one another are trans-1,4-cyclohexylene or unsubstituted or fluorine-substituted 1,4-phenylene, and one of the groups A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 can also be a single bond,X is --CN, halogen, OH, --COOR.sup.1, --OOCR.sup.1, --COR.sup.1, --OR.sup.1 or R.sup.1 andR.sup.1 is an alkyl group which has 1-12 C atoms and in which one or two CH.sub.2 groups can also be replaced by O, but excluding direct links between two O atoms,with the proviso that, in the case of X=CN, A.sup.2 is trans-1,4-cyclohexylene or fluorine-substituted, 1,4-phenylene, are suitable as components of liquid-crystalline phases.

Abstract: A method for selective dehydrogenation of a compound, comprising contacting a compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein each R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.20) alkyl, (C.sub.3 -C.sub.20) cycloalkyl, (C.sub.6 -C.sub.20) aryl, (C.sub.7 -C.sub.20) alkylaryl, (C.sub.7 -C.sub.20) aralkyl groups, as well as substituted (C.sub.1 -C.sub.20) alkyl, (C.sub.3 -C.sub.20) cycloalkyl, (C.sub.6 -C.sub.20) aryl, (C.sub.7 -C.sub.20) aralkyl and (C.sub.7 -C.sub.20) arylalkyl moieties, optionally further substituted with --OR, wherein R is R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 or R.sup.4 ; and wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 or R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 may be joined as part of a ring structure, at a dehydrogenation temperature in the presence of a catalyst comprising about 0.01 wt %-19.9 wt % Pd and about 0.01 wt %-19.9 wt % Cu on a carbon support, wherein the total amount of (Pd+Cu) on the support is about 0.

Abstract: A supported catalyst containing rhodium and compounds of chromium, manganese, alkali metals and, if appropriate, compounds of sulphur is prepared by first applying compounds of chromium and manganese to the catalyst support, subsequently heating the catalyst support thus charged to elevated temperatures and then impregnating it with a rhodium solution, drying it, treating it with an alkali metal solution and, if appropriate, applying sulphur compounds to the catalyst support thus treated. The supported catalyst thus prepared can be used for the dehydrogenation of compounds and/or compound mixtures consisting of completely and/or partly hydrogenated hydroxydiphenyl.

Abstract: New biphenyl compounds and a process for producing them are provided. These new compounds have an acyloxy group in the 2- or 4-position of the biphenyl and an acyl hydroxyalkyl, hydroxyalkenyl or vinyl group in the 4'-position of the biphenyl or, alternatively a hydroxyl group in the 2- or 4-position of the biphenyl and an acyl, hydroxyalkyl, hydroxyalkenyl or vinyl group in the 4'-position of the biphenyl. These compounds can be produced easily from 2- or 4-acyloxybiphenyl compounds.

Abstract: Compounds of the general formula ##STR1## wherein n, R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and X are defined herein, are effective inhibitors of polymerization of vinylic monomers, particularly acrylic monomers. The inhibitors are easily, efficiently, and thoroughly removed from solution with the monomer by contact with charcoal.

Abstract: The nuclear hydroxylation of phenol with organic solutions of hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a catalyst is carried out in improved manner by employing both (1) a special, practically water free solution of hydrogen peroxide in an organic solvent which does not form an azeotrope with water or whose highest azeotrope with water, boil near or above the boiling point of hydrogen peroxide, and (2) employing as a catalyst XO.sub.2 where X is sulfur, selenium, or tellurium. Besides increasing the yield and the ability to carry out the reaction in a simpler manner when selenium dioxide is employed as a catalyst, there can also be controlled the ortho-para ratio, respectively, the ortho-ortho ratio of the product.

Abstract: New hydroxybiphenyl compounds of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 stands for a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl group, R.sub.2 for a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl group, R.sub.3 for a hydroxyl group, a group of the formula -CH.sub.2 -CH.dbd.CH.sub.2 or a group of the formula -CH.dbd.CH-CHO, R.sub.4 for a hydrogen atom or a group of the formula ##STR2## and R.sub.5 for a hydroxyl group or a group of the formula ##STR3## These compounds are obtained by extraction of "Tokoboku", i.e. dried cortex of Magnolia officinalis which belongs to the family Magnoliaceae. They are useful as pharmaceuticals or intermediates therefor, in particular as anti-allergics.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing 4,4?-[1-(trifluoromethyl)alkylidene]bis(2,6-diphenylphenols), in particular for preparing 4,4?-[1-(trifluoromethyl)ethylidene]bis(2,6-diphenylphenol), which comprises the self-condensation of cyclohexanone in the presence of a basic catalyst to form tricyclic condensation products, dehydrogenation of the resulting tricyclic condensation products in the presence of a supported transition metal catalyst in the condensed phase to form 2,6-diphenylphenol and reaction of the 2,6-diphenylphenol with a trifluoromethyl ketone. The invention further provides an improved process for preparing 2,6-diphenylphenol by aldol self-condensation of cyclohexanone.