Abstract: Disclosed are compounds that can modulate DDAH and the amount of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) in a subject. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds, as well as methods of using these compositions to treat and/or prevent diseases associated with elevated or low levels of DDAH and ADMA.

Abstract: A composition for resist underlayer film formation, includes a compound represented by formula (1) and a solvent. Ar1 represents an aromatic heterocyclic group having a valency of m and having 5 to 20 ring atoms; m is an integer of 1 to 11; Ar2 is a group bonding to a carbon atom of the aromatic heteroring in Ar1 and represents an aromatic carbocyclic group having 6 to 20 ring atoms and having a valency of (n+1) or an aromatic heterocyclic group having 5 to 20 ring atoms and having a valency of (n+1); n is an integer of 0 to 12; and R1 represents a monovalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a hydroxy group, a halogen atom, or a nitro group.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparation of 2-Amino-5-hydroxy propiophenone, a key intermediate for the synthesis of camptothecin analogs including 7-Ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN-38).

Abstract: Compounds and methods related to the prevention and treatment of diseases and conditions, some of which are facilitated by melanogenesis are disclosed. Specifically, the present subject matter includes a series of compounds and compositions and their use for anti-melanogenic and antioxidant activity. This subject matter also includes the treatment of skin disorder due to acne vulgaris and related inflammatory and post inflammatory hyperpigmentation. Methods for synthesizing contemplated compounds are also disclosed.

Abstract: A composition for resist underlayer film formation, includes a compound represented by formula (1) and a solvent. Ar1 represents an aromatic heterocyclic group having a valency of m and having 5 to 20 ring atoms; m is an integer of 1 to 11; Ar2 is a group bonding to a carbon atom of the aromatic heteroring in Ar1 and represents an aromatic carbocyclic group having 6 to 20 ring atoms and having a valency of (n+1) or an aromatic heterocyclic group having 5 to 20 ring atoms and having a valency of (n+1); n is an integer of 0 to 12; and R1 represents a monovalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a hydroxy group, a halogen atom, or a nitro group.

Abstract: An additive composition includes a specific amount of ?-methylstyrenated phenol, can be mixed with a main material part or curing agent part for paint, and can suppress the occurrence of a discoloration issue.

Abstract: A phenylene ether oligomer has repeating units of the structure and less than 30 weight percent of repeating units derived from a monohydric phenol having identical substituents in the 2- and 6-positions, wherein the phenylene ether oligomer includes a vinyl benzene ether end group, an amine end group, maleimide end group, a norbornene end group, an anhydride end group, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing. The phenylene ether oligomer can be used to provide a curable composition. The curable composition can be cured to provide a thermoset composition. Articles comprising the thermoset composition are also described.

Abstract: A genetically engineered micro-organism having an operative metabolic pathway producing cinnamoyl-CoA and producing pinosylvin therefrom by the action of a stilbene synthase is used for pinosylvin production. Said cinnamic acid may be formed from L-phenylalanine by a L-phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) which is one accepting phenylalanine as a substrate and producing cinammic acid therefrom, preferably such that if the PAL also accepts tyrosine as a substrate and forms coumaric acid therefrom, the ratio Km(phenylalanine)/Km(tyrosine) for said PAL is less than 1:1 and if said micro-organism produces a cinammate-4 -hydroxylase enzyme (C4H), the ratio Kcat(PAL)/Kcat(C4H) is at least 2:1.

Abstract: A mobility assistance apparatus includes first and second frames positioned on left and right sides of a user; a hinge arm mechanism coupled to the first and second frames; and a harness or a walking seat coupled to the frames to transfer at least a portion of the user's body weight from the legs and to transfer weight through the user's hip or pelvis to the first and second frame enabling the user to stand or walk for an extended period without requiring the user's arms to hold the frame.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing a high-carbon number saturated hydrocarbon compound by subjecting a mixed biomass solution containing benzyl phenyl ether (C6H5CH2OC6H5) to a two-step reaction process using a difunctional catalyst having an acid catalyst combined with a metal catalyst. The method allows development of a fuel substituting for and supplementing petroleum through decomposition and conversion of a biomass containing lignin or the like, thereby providing a non-petroleum based biofuel.

Abstract: A synergistic microbicidal composition containing a phenolic compound selected from the class consisting of chlorinated phenols, monosubstituted phenols, fused bicyclic phenols, isopropyl methyl catechols, and monosubstituted catechols and an antimicrobial alcohol selected from the class of menthadiene alcohols and other antimicrobial alcohols.

Abstract: A family of covalent kinetic stabilizer compounds that selectively and covalently react with the prominent plasma protein transthyretin in preference to more than 4000 other human plasma proteins is disclosed. A contemplated compound corresponds in structure to Formula I, below, where the various substituents are defined within, and reacts chemoselectively with one or two of four Lys-15 ?-amino groups within the transthyretin tetramer. The crystal structure confirms the binding orientation of the compound substructure and the conjugating amide bond. A covalent transthyretin kinetic stabilizer exhibits superior amyloid inhibition potency, compared to a non-covalent counterpart, and inhibits cytotoxicity associated with amyloidogenesis.

Abstract: A radiation-sensitive composition containing a resist compound having a high sensitivity, a high resolution, a high etching resistance, and a low outgas which forms a resist pattern with good shape and a method of forming a resist pattern and novel compositions for forming a photoresist under coat film which is excellent in optical properties and etching resistance and contains substantially no sublimable substance and an under coat film formed by the composition. Radiation-sensitive composition containing a solvent and a cyclic compound having, e.g., a cyclic compound (A) having a molecular weight of 700 to 5000 which is synthesized by the condensation reaction of a compound having 2 to 59 carbon atoms and 1 to 4 formyl groups with a compound having 6 to 15 carbon atoms and 1 to 3 phenolic hydroxyl groups, and a cyclic compound for use in the radiation-sensitive composition.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods and compositions comprising resorcinol derivatives for the use of treating, regulating or preventing a skin condition characterized by oxidative stress or a degenerative process. Methods of preventing, lightening or reducing the appearance of visible discontinuities of the skin resulting from skin pigmentation, skin aging, or other disorders are also disclosed.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a growth hormone secretagogue that is excellent in effect of promoting secretion of a growth hormone and is orally available. The growth hormone secretagogue of the present invention contains one or more selected from the group consisting of S-adenosylmethionine and/or a salt thereof, a Siberian larch extract, an olive extract, and a stilbene-based compound as an active ingredient. S-adenosylmethionine and/or the salt thereof may be a form itself of chemically synthesized S-adenosylmethionine and/or the salt thereof, or may be a microbial cell or a culture containing S-adenosylmethionine and/or the salt thereof. The stilbene-based compound may be an extract extracted from a Vitaceae plant or a Gnetaceae plant. The olive extract may be an extract separated from a fruit of olive.

Abstract: A composition, which is suitable for the production of stilbene compounds, can be separated from tall oil. It contains esters of pinosylvin or pinosylvin derivatives and it is concentrated in relation to these. Preferably, the composition contains esters of pinosylvin monomethyl ethers, the acid part of which is formed of an inorganic acid or an organic acid, in particular an organic acid, which is present in the crude tall oil or which is generated from this oil during the process of refining it. Typically, such acids are fatty and resin acids and lower alkane acids. With the invention, it is possible to generate, at an industrial scale, product fractions, and the pinosylvin compounds which are separated from the fractions can be used as such or they can be further modified by means of different chemical methods.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to inhibitors of tyrosinase, pharmaceutical compositions comprising such tyrosinase inhibitors, and methods of making and using the same. Specifically, included in the present invention are compositions of matter comprised of at least one 2,4-dihydroxybenzene analog, which inhibit the activity of tyrosinase and which inhibit the overproduction of melanin.

Abstract: A genetically engineered micro-organism having an operative metabolic pathway producing cinnamoyl-CoA and producing pinosylvin therefrom by the action of a stilbene synthase is used for pinosylvin production. Said cinnamic acid may be formed from L-phenylalanine by a L-phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) which is one accepting phenylalanine as a substrate and producing cinammic acid therefrom, preferably such that if the PAL also accepts tyrosine as a substrate and forms coumaric acid therefrom, the ratio Km(phenylalanine)/Km(tyrosine) for said PAL is less than 1:1 and if said micro-organism produces a cinammate-4-hydroxylase enzyme (C4H), the ratio Kcat(PAL)/Kcat(C4H) is at least 2:1.

Abstract: Provided is class of compounds of formula (I) wherein X, R1, R2 and R3 have the same meaning as given in the specification capable of releasing fragrant compounds in a controlled manner into the surroundings.

Abstract: The present invention provides a positive resist composition and a resist pattern forming method that are capable of forming a resist pattern with a reduced level of roughness. The positive resist composition includes the compound represented by the general formula (I) below. The present invention also provides the resist pattern forming method using the positive resist composition above. [wherein, in formula (I), R11 and R12 each represents, independently, an alkyl group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an aromatic hydrocarbon group, and may include a hetero atom in the structure thereof; R21 to R24 each represents, independently, a hydrogen atom or an acid dissociable, dissolution inhibiting group, and two of the R21 to R24 represents a hydrogen atom and the others represents an acid dissociable, dissolution inhibiting group; X is a group represented by general formulas (Ia) or (Ib) below].

Abstract: A compound shown by the following formula (1).

Abstract: The present invention is directed to inhibitors of tyrosinase, pharmaceutical compositions comprising such tyrosinase inhibitors, and methods of making and using the same. Specifically, included in the present invention are compositions of matter comprised of at least one 2,4-dihydroxybenzene analog, which inhibit the activity of tyrosinase and which inhibit the overproduction of melanin.

Abstract: A family of covalent kinetic stabilizer compounds that selectively and covalently react with the prominent plasma protein transthyretin in preference to more than 4000 other human plasma proteins is disclosed. A contemplated compound corresponds in structure to Formula I, below, where the various substituents are defined within, and reacts chemoselectively with one or two of four Lys-15 ?-amino groups within the transthyretin tetramer. The crystal structure confirms the binding orientation of the compound substructure and the conjugating amide bond. A covalent transthyretin kinetic stabilizer exhibits superior amyloid inhibition potency, compared to a non-covalent counterpart, and inhibits cytotoxicity associated with amyloidogenesis.

Abstract: Provided is an insulin-producing cell inducer, an enhancer for glucose intake of muscles, and a therapeutic agent for diabetes or diabetes complications, wherein an active ingredient of those provided is an estrogenic compound such as estrogen and estradiol. With the present invention, functions of insulin-producing cells can be recovered since the insulin-producing cells are induced in pancreatic ducts, and blood glucose level can be immediately lowered since glucose in the blood can be effectively taken up by muscles; therefore, diabetes and diabetes complications can be prevented or treated.

Abstract: Both a crystallizer and method for the evaporative production of phenol-BPA adduct crystals are provided that achieve more uniform crystal growth while suppressing undesired crystal nucleation. The crystallizer includes a cylindrical vessel; a draft tube concentrically disposed within the cylindrical vessel such that an annular space is defined between the vessel and tube; an impeller that circulates liquid in the vessel through the draft tube and the annular space, and a plurality of nozzles mounted around an inner wall of said cylindrical vessel that introduce an evaporative coolant into the vessel. Each of the nozzles includes a discharge end disposed between about 30% and 60% of a radial extent of the annular space, and is located below an upper end of the draft tube a distance of between about 50% to 150% of the diameter of the vessel.

Abstract: A compound shown by the following formula (1) can be used as a material for a radiation-sensitive composition capable of forming a resist film which effectively responds to electron beams or the like, exhibits low roughness, and can form a high precision minute pattern in a stable manner.

Abstract: A radiation-sensitive composition containing a resist compound having a high sensitivity, a high resolution, a high etching resistance, and a low outgas which forms a resist pattern with a good shape is described. Further described is a method of forming a resist pattern using the radiation-sensitive composition. Still further described are a novel composition for forming a photoresist under coat film which is excellent in optical properties and etching resistance and contains substantially no sublimable substance and an under coat film formed by the composition.

Abstract: Both a crystallizer and method for the evaporative production of phenol-BPA adduct crystals are provided that achieve more uniform crystal growth while suppressing undesired crystal nucleation. The crystallizer includes a cylindrical vessel; a draft tube concentrically disposed within the cylindrical vessel such that an annular space is defined between the vessel and tube; an impeller that circulates liquid in the vessel through the draft tube and the annular space, and a plurality of nozzles mounted around an inner wall of said cylindrical vessel that introduce an evaporative coolant into the vessel. Each of the nozzles includes a discharge end disposed between about 30% and 60% of a radial extent of the annular space, and is located below an upper end of the draft tube a distance of between about 50% to 150% of the diameter of the vessel.

Abstract: A composition, which is suitable for the production of stilbene compounds, can be separated from tall oil. It contains esters of pinosylvin or pinosylvin derivatives and it is concentrated in relation to these. Preferably, the composition contains esters of pinosylvin monomethyl ethers, the acid part of which is formed of an inorganic acid or an organic acid, in particular an organic acid, which is present in the crude tall oil or which is generated from this oil during the process of refining it. Typically, such acids are fatty and resin acids and lower alkane acids. With the invention, it is possible to generate, at an industrial scale, product fractions, and the pinosylvin compounds which are separated from the fractions can be used as such or they can be further modified by means of different chemical methods.

Abstract: In a process for oxidizing a hydrocarbon to the corresponding hydroperoxide, alcohol, ketone, carboxylic acid or dicarboxylic acid, a reaction medium comprising a hydrocarbon is contacted with an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst comprising a cyclic imide of the general formula (I): wherein each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from hydrocarbyl and substituted hydrocarbyl radicals having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or from the groups SO3H, NH2, OH and NO2, or from the atoms H, F, Cl, Br and I provided that R1 and R2 can be linked to one another via a covalent bond; each of Q1 and Q2 is independently selected from C, CH, N, and CR3; each of X and Z is independently selected from C, S, CH2, N, P and an element of Group 4 of the Periodic Table; Y is O or OH; k is 0, 1, or 2; l is 0, 1, or 2; m is 1 to 3; and R3 can be any of the entities listed for R1.

Abstract: In a process for oxidizing a hydrocarbon to a corresponding hydroperoxide, alcohol, ketone, carboxylic acid or dicarboxylic acid, the hydrocarbon is contacted with an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst comprising a cyclic imide of the general formula (I): wherein each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from hydrocarbyl and substituted hydrocarbyl radicals having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or from the groups SO3H, NH2, OH and NO2, or from the atoms H, F, Cl, Br and I provided that R1 and R2 can be linked to one another via a covalent bond; each of Q1 and Q2 is independently selected from C, CH, N and CR3; each of X and Z is independently selected from C, S, CH2, N, P and elements of Group 4 of the Periodic Table; Y is O or OH; k is 0, 1, or 2; 1 is 0, 1, or 2; m is 1 to 3, and R3 can be any of the entities listed for R1.

Abstract: Novel vitamin D analogs, markedly active in the fields of cell proliferation and differentiation, are selected from among (4E,6E)-7-{3-[2-(3,4-bis-hydroxymethylphenyl)-ethyl]phenyl}-3-ethylnona-4,6-dien-3-ol, (E)-6-[3-(3,4-bis-hydroxymethylbenzyloxy)phenyl]1,1,1-trifluoro-2-trifluoromethyloct-5-en-3-yn-2-ol, (3E,5E)-6-[3-(3,4-bis-hydroxymethylbenzyloxy)-phenyl]-1,1,1-trifluoro-2-trifluoromethylocta-3,5-dien-2-ol, (E)-6-{3-[2-(3,4-bis-hydroxymethylphenyl)ethyl]phenyl}-1,1,1-trifluoro-2-trifluoromethyloct-5-en-3-yn-2-ol, and (3E,5E)-6-{3-[2-(3,4-bis-hydroxymethylphenyl)-ethyl]phenyl-1,1,1-trifluoro-2-trifluoromethylocta-3,5-dien-2-ol, and the geometric isomers thereof and these compounds in which one or more of the hydroxyl functions are protected by a protective group —(C?O)—R, in which R is a linear or branched alkyl radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an aryl radical having from 6 to 10 carbon atoms, or an aralkyl radical having from 7 to 11 carbon atoms, the aryl radical or the aralkyl radical optional

Abstract: The present invention provides pharmaceutical compositions containing hydroxystilbenes or their derivatives or analogues. The pharmaceutical compositions are useful for protein kinase inhibition, and for treatment of psoriasis, eczema and inflammation.

Abstract: A process of slowing down diffusion of an element or a compound through a fluoroplastic comprising the addition of a reactive additive having reactive groups that react with the element or compound. A process of preventing degradation of the fluoroplastics PVDF and ECTFE used in, or in connection with a reactor where chlorine dioxide is produced comprising mixing the fluoroplastic with a reactive additive having reactive groups. A diffusion resistant fluoroplastic which comprises a reactive additive having reactive groups that react with an element and/or compound to which the fluoroplastic is diffusion resistant. The use of a reactive additive having reactive groups as an additive in a fluoroplastic to prevent or slow down the diffusion of an element or a compound through the fluoroplastic.

Abstract: A compound shown by the following formula (1) can be used as a material for a radiation-sensitive composition capable of forming a resist film which effectively responds to electron beams or the like, exhibits low roughness, and can form a high precision minute pattern in a stable manner.

Abstract: A compound represented by the formula below is provided. (In the formula, X and Y denote a hydroxy group, an amino group, or a halogen atom, and X and Y are groups that are different from each other.

Abstract: Racemic tolterodine free base in crystalline form, tolterodine with improved purity, compositions and uses thereof, and processes of preparing the same.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method for preparation of fispemifene by use of ospemifene as a starting material.

Abstract: The present invention provides a therapeutic agent for a tumor selected from a hematopoietic tumor and a solid tumor which comprises, as an active ingredient, a benzoyl compound represented by General Formula (I): (wherein n represents an integer of 1 to 5; R1 represents substituted or unsubstituted lower alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted lower alkoxycarbonyl, CONR7R8 or the like; R2 represents substituted or unsubstituted aryl or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group; R3 and R5 may be the same or different, and each represents a hydrogen atom, substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl or the like; R4 represents a hydrogen atom, hydroxy or halogen; and R6 represents a hydrogen atom, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl or the like), a prodrug thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed is a flame retardant crosslink agent free of halogen and phosphorous. The crosslink agent can be applied in epoxy resin composition, such that the composition achieves V0 under UL-94 standard after curing. The crosslink agent, a novolac structure modified by nitrogen-containing and/or silicon containing compound, may collocate with inorganic powder, such that the thermal cured epoxy resin composition contains thermal retardancy, low expansion, low water uptake, and high glass transfer temperature properties. The epoxy resin composition including the crosslink agent of the invention can be applied in a prepreg used in copper clad laminates or printed circuit plates.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel diphenyl ethene compounds and pharmaceutically-acceptable salts thereof. Also provided are methods for making the compounds of the invention as well as methods for the use thereof in the treatment of immune, inflammatory, and auto-immune diseases.

Abstract: The present invention relates to glucopyranosyl-oxybenzylbenzene derivatives represented by the general formula: wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a carbamoyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted(lower alkyl) group, a substituted or unsubstituted(lower alkoxy) group etc.; R2 represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group; and R3 represents a substituted or unsubstituted(lower alkyl) group, a substituted or unsubstituted(lower alkoxy) group, a substituted or unsubstituted(lower alkylthio) group etc., or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, which have an inhibitory activity in human SGLT2 and are useful as agents for the prevention or treatment of a disease associated with hyperglycemia such as diabetes, diabetic complication or obesity, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same and intermediates thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to benzylphenol derivatives represented by the general formula: wherein R11 represents a hydrogen atom or a protected hydroxy(lower alkyl) group; and R12 represents a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxy group, a lower alkylthio group, a protected hydroxy(lower alkyl) group, a protected hydroxy(lower alkoxy) group, a protected hydroxy(lower alkylthio) group, a lower alkoxy-substituted (lower alkyl) group, a lower alkoxy-substituted (lower alkoxy) group or a lower alkoxy-substituted (lower alkylthio) group; with the proviso that R12 is not a methyl group, an ethyl group, an isopropyl group, a tert-butyl group or a methoxy group when R11 is a hydrogen atom, or a salt thereof, which are used as intermediates for making glucopyranosyloxybenzylbenzene compounds having inhibitory activity in human SGLT2 and are useful in treating diseases associated with hyperglycemia, such as diabetes.

Abstract: The use of hydroxystilbene compounds of formula wherein A is a radical of formula  or a radical of formula  and R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are each independently of the others hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, C1-C16alkyl, C1-C16alkoxy, phenyl; C1-C3phenylalkyl; C6-C10aryloxy, amino, mono-C1-C5alkylamino, di-C1-C5alkylamino, or —NO2; as microbicidal active ingredients is described. The compounds exhibit a pronounced action against pathogenic gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, and also against yeasts and moulds. They are therefore suitable for the antimicrobial treatment, especially the preservation and disinfection, of surfaces.

Abstract: A process for producing a 3,5-bisalkylphenol (2) according to the following reaction scheme: (wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal atom, an alkaline earth metal atom, or a hydroxyl-protecting group (other than methyl group); R2 represents a C1 to C5 lower alkyl group or an optionally substituted phenyl group; and each of R3 and R4, which may be identical to or different from each other, represents a lower alkyl group, an aralkyl group, or an aryl group); a carbinol compound (1); and a process for producing the carbinol compound. The production process of the present invention enables efficient and safe production of a variety of 3,5-bisalkylphenols including 3,5-diisopropylphenol, which are important as synthesis intermediates for drugs and agricultural chemicals, in shorter steps at high purity in high yield, thus contributing to consistent supply of drugs and agricultural chemicals.

Abstract: A method of treating osteoporosis in warm-blooded animals comprising administering to warm-blooded animals in need thereof an effective amount to treat osteoporosis of a compound selected from the group consisting of a compound of the formula: wherein the substituents are defined as in the Specification.

Abstract: The specification provides a method for producing p-cumylphenol phenol by reacting phenol with &agr;-methylstyrene in the presence of a highly efficient heterogeneous aluminum zirconium catalyst.

Abstract: A method for prevention or treating myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment a NF-&kgr;B inhibitor in a therapeutically effective amount, wherein said NF-&kgr;B inhibitor is a benzoquinone derivative represented by the following formula (I): wherein R1, R2 and R3 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbons or an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbons; R4 is a hydrogen atom, a hydroxymethyl group, an alkyl group, or a carboxyl group which is optionally esterified or amidated; Z is and n is an integer from 0 to 6, or its hydroquinone form, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is provided.

Abstract: The invention concerns novel bi-aromatic compounds having the formula: which are analogs of vitamin D, the process of preparing them, as well as their use in pharmaceutical compositions in human or veterinary medicine, particularly in dermatology, cancer treatment, treatment of auto-immune diseases, and in organ or tissue transplants. Cosmetic compositions and methods of use are also included.

Abstract: The present invention is directed in part towards methods of modulating the function of protein kinases with phenol- and hydroxynaphthalene-based compounds. The methods incorporate cells that express a protein kinase. In addition, the invention describes methods of preventing and treating protein kinase-related abnormal conditions in organisms with a compound identified by the invention. Furthermore, the invention pertains to phenol- and hydroxynaphthalene-based compounds and pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds.