Abstract: A polyoxyalkylene polyol or monool (I) of the general formula (1) below, in which not less than 40% of the terminally located hydroxyl-containing groups, namely —AO—H groups, are primary hydroxyl-containing groups of the general formula (2) below, or; a method of producing ring-opening polymerization products, by subjecting a heterocyclic compound to ring-opening addition polymerization with an active hydrogen-containing compound, using as a catalyst tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane, tris(pentafluorophenyl)aluminum, etc.

Abstract: Facile methods for preparing diketide and triketide thioesters are disclosed. The resulting thioesters may be used as intermediates in the synthesis of desired polyketides, and may contain functional groups which ultimately reside in side chains on the resulting polyketide and thus can be used further to manipulate the polyketide so as form derivatives. The polyketides produced may also be tailored by glycosylation, hydroxylation and the like. New polyketides and their derivatives and tailored forms are thereby produced.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of a carbonyl compound of the general formula (1)

Abstract: The present invention relates to iodonium salts containing urethane groups of reduced crystallization tendency, to a process for their preparation, and to their use for the radiation curing of cationically curing compositions.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to new, energy-efficient photoinitiators in the form of organic sulfur-containing compounds. The present invention is also directed to a method of generating reactive species which includes exposing one or more photoinitiators to radiation to form one or more reactive species. Also described are methods of polymerizing unsaturated monomers, methods of curing an unsaturated oligomer/monomer mixture, and methods of laminating using the photoinitiators of the present invention.

Abstract: This invention relates to a composition comprising at least one sulphur-containing calixarene represented by formula (I) or a metal salt of said calixarene, wherein in formula (I): Y is a divalent bridging group, at least one of said bridging groups being a sulphur atom; R3 is hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl or a hetero-substituted hydrocarbyl group; either R1 is hydroxyl and R2 and R4 are independently either hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or hetero-substituted hydrocarbyl, or R2 and R4 are hydroxyl and R1 is either hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or hetero-substituted hydrocarbyl; and n is a number having a value of at least 4. In one embodiment, the foregoing salt is an overbased salt. The invention also relates to additive compositions and finished lubricating oil compositions containing the foregoing overbased salt. The invention also relates to a process for making the foregoing overbased salt.

Abstract: Efficient synthesis of diaryl sulfide derivatives useful as intermediates for pharmaceutical compounds. Provision of a convenient process for producing large quantities of dibenzo[b,f]thiepine derivatives using such intermediates.

Abstract: The invention concerns the use of redox-active compounds for the production of detection reagents for a method for the determination of an analyte as well as reagent kits that contain these redox-active compounds. In addition new redox-active compounds are disclosed.

Abstract: The instant invention provides intermediates and processes for the preparation of compounds of formula IV ##STR1## wherein: n is 0, 1, or 2;R is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl;X.sup.1 is hydrogen, cyano, 4-hydroxybenzoyl, 4-halobenzoyl, or 4-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy)benzoyl;Y is NR.sup.4 R.sup.5, 4-hydroxyphenyl, or 4-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy)phenyl;and R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are independently hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl.

Abstract: Cationic polymerization initiators of formula ##STR1## are disclosed. The acyl sulfonium salts of the present invention differ from known acyl sulfonium initiators in that the substituents R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 on the sulfur are larger and more complex than the lower alkyl and lower alkylene of known photoinitiators. Processes for the synthesis of the novel acyl sulfonium salts and prepolymer compositions containing them are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to sulfonium salt-containing compounds represented by a following general formula; ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is alkyl containing from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, hydroxy, alkoxy containing from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, alkylcarbonyloxy containing from 1 to 18 carbon atoms or halogen, n is any of 0, 1, 2 or 3, however, each of R.sub.1 may be different from the others when n is 2 or more, R.sub.2 is alkyl containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are each independently hydrogen or alkyl containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 are each independently hydrogen, alkyl containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, hydroxy, alkoxy containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, alkylcarbonyloxy containing from 1 to 18 carbon atoms or aromatic carbonyloxy, and R.sub.7 is alkyl containing from 4 to 20 carbon atoms or a group represented by a following formula; ##STR2## wherein R.sub.

Abstract: The invention provides a photosensitive resin composition useful as a photoresist of chemical amplification type for deep UV lithography such as ArF excimer laser lithography. The resin composition contains, as an acid generator, an alkylsulfonium salt of the general formula (I), wherein R.sup.1 is a C.sub.7 to C.sub.12 alkyl having a bridged alicyclic structure or a C.sub.5 to C.sub.7 monocyclic alkyl, R.sup.2 is an alkyl, R.sup.3 is a C.sub.5 to C.sub.7 .beta.-oxomonocyclic alkyl or a C.sub.7 to C.sub.10 bridged cyclic alkyl having oxo group at the .beta.-position. The general formula (I) is inclusive of novel alkylsulfonium salts in which R.sup.1 is norbornyl group, adamantyl group or cyclohexyl group, R.sup.2 is methyl group and R.sup.3 is .beta.-oxocyclohexyl group or .beta.-oxonorbornane-2-yl group.

Abstract: By reacting an aryl Grignard reagent of the following general formula (1) with thionyl chloride and then reacting the reaction product with a triorganosilyl sulfonate or triorganohalide of the general formula (2): (R.sup.6).sub.3 SiY wherein R.sup.6, which may be the same or different, is a monovalent hydrocarbon group and Y is a substituted or unsubstituted alkylsulfonate or arylsulfonate or halogen atom, there is prepared a triarylsulfonium salt of the following general formula (3). ##STR1## In the formulae, each of R.sup.1 to R.sup.5, which may be the same or different, is a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group, especially alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, aryloxy, dialkylamino, dialkylaminoalkyl, alkylthio or arylthio group and X is a bromine or chlorine atom.

Abstract: A borane-sulfide represented by the formulaBH.sub.3.SR.sup.1 R.sup.2wherein B is boron, H is hydrogen, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each are straight or branched chain alkyl or alkoxy with at least one R being a branched chain when both R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are alkyl, and S is sulfur. The compounds are hydroboration agents.

Abstract: The composition of the present invention is excellent in compatibility, transparency and curability and give a cured coat of excellent gloss and of less smell, and cured products of excellent properties can be obtained by curing the composition.The present invention relates to an onium salt represented by the following formula (1): ##STR1## wherein Ar is a mono- to tetra-valent aromatic group, X is a bisphenylsulfonio group which may have a substituent, a is 1-4, b is 0 or 1-3, a+b is 1-4, n is 1-4, and Z is a halide represented by the following formula (3):MQ.sub.m (OH).sub.l (3)where M is a boron atom, a phosphorus atom, an arsenic atom or an antimony atom, Q is a halogen atom, m is 3-6, l is 0 or 1, and m+l is 4-6; a photopolymerization initiator containing the onium salt as an active ingredient; an energy ray-curable composition containing the initiator; and a cured product.

Abstract: Calixarene-based, noncentrosymmetric transition metal complexes that exhibit large second order nonlinear optical and related electro-optical properties are provided, as are materials and devices comprising the same.

Abstract: A fuel additive having the formula: ##STR1## where A.sub.1 is a thioether, a sulfoxide, a sulfone, a sulfonic acid, a sulfonamide, a nitrile, a carboxylic acid or ester, or a carboxamide; R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently hydrogen, hydroxy, lower alkyl, or lower alkoxy; R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl and each R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 is independently selected in each --O--CHR.sub.3 --CHR.sub.4 -- unit; R.sub.5 is hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 100 carbon atoms, phenyl, aralkyl having 7 to 100 carbon atoms or alkaryl having 7 to 100 carbon atoms, or an acyl group of the formula: ##STR2## where R.sub.6 is alkyl having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, phenyl, aralkyl having 7 to 36 carbon atoms or alkaryl having 7 to 36 carbon atoms; n is an integer from 5 to 100; and x is an integer from 0 to 10.

Abstract: The compounds of the present invention comprise substituted phenolic thioethers represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein: R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are the same or different and independently represent tert-alkyl or phenyl; R.sup.3 represents hydrogen or alkyl; X represents --(CH.sub.2).sub.w --B--(CH.sub.2).sub.y -- wherein B represents O, S, or CH.sub.2 and w and y can each independently be an integer from 0 to 3 with the proviso that the sum of w+y is equal to or less than 3; A represents O or S(O).sub.n wherein n is 0, 1 or 2; p is an integer from 1 to 4; and R represents alkyl; OH; OR.sup.4 wherein R.sup.4 is alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; NR.sup.5 R.sup.6 wherein R.sup.5 is hydrogen or alkyl and R.sup.6 is hydrogen, alkyl, heterocyclealkyl in which the hetercyclic ring may optionally be substituted; cycloalkyl; substituted cycloalkyl; phenyl; substituted phenyl; phenylalkyl; or substituted phenylalkyl; or NR.sup.5 R.sup.6 together form a heterocyclic ring which may optionally be substituted; or R is (CH.

Abstract: Novel insecticides have the formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 is hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylthio, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkylthio, C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 carboalkoxy, C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 alkylcarbonyl, nitro or cyano;R.sub.2 is hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylthio, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkylthio, C.sub.3 haloalkenoxy, nitro, cyano, C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 alkylcarbonyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylsulfonyl or C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 carboalkoxy;R.sub.3 is hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy;provided that:R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are not all hydrogen; orR.sub.1 and R.sub.2 taken together are C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkylene, C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkyleneoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 perhaloalkyleneoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylenedioxy or halo-C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkylenedioxy;R.sub.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are the same or different and independently represent tert-alkyl, phenyl, or hydrogen; R.sup.3 represents hydrogen or alkyl; X represents O, S or (CH.sub.2).sub.m wherein m is 1 or 2; A represents O or S(O).sub.n wherein n is 0, 1, or 2; p is an integer from 0 to 4; and R represents alkyl; OH; OR.sup.4 wherein R.sup.4 is alkyl; or NR.sup.5 R.sup.6 wherein R.sup.5 is hydrogen or alkyl, and R.sup.6 is hydrogen, alkyl, heterocyclealkyl, substituted heterocyclealkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl, phenylalkyl, or substituted phenylalkyl, or NR.sup.5 R.sup.6 together form a heterocyclic ring which may optionally be substituted; or (CH.sub.2).sub.t COOR.sup.7 wherein t is an integer from 1 to 4 and R.sup.7 is hydrogen or alkyl; and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The compounds are inhibitors or stimulators of superoxide generation.

Abstract: A perfluoroalkyl halogenide represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein X stands for one element selected from the group consisting of iodine and bromine, R.sub.f for a perfluorohydrocarbon group, n for an integer in the range of 1 to 3, and m for an integer in the range of 1 to 3, provided that n and m satisfy the relationship, n.gtoreq.m, is produced by a method which consists essentially in subjecting a perfluorocarboxylic acid fluoride represented by the formula, ##STR2## wherein R.sub.f and n have the same meanings as defined above, to a thermal reaction with a lithium halogenide represented by XI, wherein X has the same meaning as defined above.

Abstract: Process for preparing one or more hetero-atoms containing hydrocarbons by contacting one or more hydrocarbons with a plasma-generated system derived from a source containing hydrogen atoms(s) and at least one hetero-atom in which process the plasma-generated system in contacted with the hydrocarbon(s) in liquid for and/or in gaseous form under conditions which allow absorption of heat released during the process of preparing said hetero-atom(s) containing hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A partially sulfurized, phenolic antioxidant having good copper corrosion properties is prepared by reacting a liquid mixture of phenols, which mixtures includes at least one reactive, hindered phenol, with sulfur chloride in proportions to provide from about 0.3 to 0.7 gram atoms of sulfur per mole of reactive phenol.

Abstract: A liquid, sulfur-bridged, hindered phenol antioxidant composition is prepared by reacting a mixture of hindered phenols with a sulfur chloride in the presence of a polar modifier. The composition is an effective antioxidant in lubricating oils without causing excessive copper corrosion.

Abstract: A process for preparing sulfurized alkyl-substituted phenol which comprises: (1) charging to a reaction system having a reaction vessel equipped with a reflux condenser, (a) alkyl-substituted phenol wherein the alkyl substituent comprises about 8 to about 50 carbons, (b) sulfur, (c) dihydric alcohol, (d) alkaline earth metal base, and (e) water in an amount of from about 0.02 to about 0.4 moles water per mole of alkyl-substituted phenol; (2) reacting (a)-(e) at a temperature of about 270 to about 450.degree. F. at atmospheric pressure for about 1 to 5 hours, said reaction being conducted such that the water charged to the reaction vessel is retained therein by the reflux condenser.

Abstract: Dermal inflammations which are induced and propagated by leukotrienes are treated by topically applying to the inflamed dermis the following compound: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.3 is H or a thiol; n is 1 to 12; p is 0 to 12; X is a substituted carbonyl, such as an ester or a carboxylic acid; and Y is an aliphatic or branched hydrocarbon, aromatic ring, carbonyl or substituted amide.

Abstract: Process for inverting the configuration of secondary alcohols in which the hydroxyl group is attached to an asymmetric carbon atom, in accordance with which the secondary alcohols are esterified, with inversion of their configuration, by conversion into isourea ethers and reaction of these isourea ethers with carboxylic acids, and the esters are then saponified with retention of the configuration of the secondary alcohols.

Abstract: The process for preparing novel polymers by the reaction of a bicyclic amide acetal with sulfur at a temperature in the range of from about 25.degree. C. to about 200.degree. C. is described.

Abstract: There is provided a process for the preparation of an overbased sulfurized alkaline earth metal alkylphenate product which provides improved bright stock solubility and reduced foam stability, the overbased alkylphenate products produced thereby, and lubricating oil compositions containing such overbased alkylphenate products. According to the process, a mixture of an alkylphenol having an alkyl group containing from about 8 to about 40 carbon atoms, elemental sulfur, a dihydric alcohol containing from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkaline earth metal compound, a lubricating oil, and a high boiling point linear monohydric alcohol having from about 18 to about 60 carbon atoms is heated to a first temperature within the range of about 121.degree. C. (250.degree. F.) to about 204.degree. C. (400.degree. F.); the resulting intermediate product mixture is contacted with carbon dioxide at a second temperature below 193.degree. C. (380.degree. F.

Abstract: A sulfurized composition prepared by sulfurizing a mixture of at least one terpene and at least one other olefinic compound is described. More particularly, sulfurized compositions prepared by sulfurizing a mixture of pine oil and at least one other olefinic compound are described. Such sulfurized compositions are useful as lubricant additive compositions, and more particularly, as additive compositions in industrial and gear lubricants. The compositions when added to lubricants provide lubricants which exhibit improved antioxidant characteristics, nitrile seal compatibility and acceptable color characteristics.

Abstract: A sulfurized composition prepared by sulfurizing a mixture of at least one terpene and at least one other olefinic compound is described. More particularly, sulfurized compositions prepared by sulfurizing a mixture of pine oil and at least one other olefinic compound are described. Such sulfurized compositions are useful as lubricant additive compositions, and more particularly, as additive compositions in industrial and gear lubricants. The compositions when added to lubricants provide lubricants which exhibit improved antioxidant characteristics, nitrile seal compatibility and acceptable color characteristics.

Abstract: The pyrolysis of aromatic compounds with fused rings in the aromatic system which form free radicals on the peri position, for example, by eliminating a stable inorganic gas produces desirable products. These products include electrically conductive inert films. Further, with the addition of suitable inorganic compounds to the reactant, superconducting materials are obtainable. The addition of sulfur to the pyrolysis reactant also is possible and allows production of compounds useful as donors for the production of organic electrically conducting compositions.