Abstract: Disclosed is a method and related system of regenerating a raw material for a hydrogen supply system of a fuel cell. The method includes reacting aluminum and a metal hydroxide to produce hydrogen in the hydrogen supply system of a fuel cell; and recovering an aluminum compound produced simultaneously with the hydrogen in the reaction. An aluminum hydroxide is obtained from the aluminum compound. The aluminum hydroxide is heat-treated to obtain an aluminum oxide. The aluminum oxide is reduced to obtain aluminum. The obtained aluminum is re-supplied as a raw material for producing the hydrogen.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides phenolic compounds useful in the treatment of neurological conditions such as convulsions and tremors, having the structure of Formula (I): wherein R2, R4, & R5, are as defined in the detailed description; pharmaceutical compositions comprising at least one of the compounds; and methods for treating neurological conditions.

Abstract: A new and distinct clonal line of oregano named KI-Ov1850 and characterized by elevated levels of thymol and vigorous growth.

Abstract: A new and distinct clonal line of oregano named KI-Ov1750 and characterized by elevated levels of carvacrol and vigorous growth.

Abstract: Provided is a tyrosinase activity inhibitor, a melanin production inhibitor, a skin-whitening agent, and a cosmetic product, which have an excellent tyrosinase activity inhibitory effect with a high level of safety. A tyrosinase inhibitor comprising isopropylmethylphenol as an active ingredient.

Abstract: A feed additive includes at least one of p-thymol, a salt derivative and an ester derivative thereof for animals.

Abstract: The invention is related to compounds for prevention of cell injury or protection of cells. The compounds are involved in the maintenance or the increase of hydrogen sulphide in cells, which results in a protection of the cells or the prevention of cell injury. The compounds of the invention can be used in cell culture and tissue culture techniques. They can also be used in several medical conditions such as ischemia, reperfusion and hypothermia, or for preserving organs which are used for transplantation.

Abstract: Oregano extract can act as a stimulant, yet it does not interfere with sleep patterns or induce nervousness the way many stimulants such as caffeine can. It also has the benefits of promoting improved vigilance, improving attention and ability to focus on a task, and improving general alertness.

Abstract: This invention relates to the use of 4-isopropyl-3-methylphenol (IPMP) for combating inflammation and compositions comprising IPMP for such use.

Abstract: Disclosed is an use of Spanish oregano (Thymus capitatus) extract, summer savory (Satureja hortensis) extract or carvacrol for treating metabolic diseases. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to a composition containing Spanish oregano extract or summer savory extract, carvacrol, which is an aromatic oil component frequently found in mint, oregano, thyme, bergamot camphor tree or thyme thymol, as an active ingredient, for preventing and treating a metabolic disease selected from the group consisting of obesity, fatty liver, hyperlipidemia and diabetes, an use thereof, and a method of using the same. The disclosed composition, use and method are useful for weight loss, suppression of abdominal fat accumulation, treatment of fatty liver, reduction of cholesterol and free fatty acid in plasma and liver tissue, and improvement of blood glucose level and insulin resistance.

Abstract: Use of alkyl phenol and monocyclic monoterpene-derived compounds in the treatment of neuronal damage and in inhibiting activity of TRPC and non-thermo-TRPM channels, and use of bicyclic monoterpene-derived compounds in activating TRPC and non-thermo-TRPM channels.

Abstract: The invention provides synthetic methods that utilize bromo or chloro substituents as blocking groups during the functionalization of aromatic rings, as well as compounds that are prepared from such methods.

Abstract: A (?)-stereoisomer of formula (I): (formula I), wherein X is H or F; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, is useful as an anesthetic.

Abstract: A nose and throat anti-influenza solution is described that decreases the likelihood influenza infection and its spread. The solution's components are readily available and have been used to treat humans for other ailments previously, leading to an easily implemented, scalable, safe, and cost-effective solution. The core components of the solution include: specially denatured alcohol (SDA); Triton x-100; sodium saccharin; 1,8 cineole (eucalyptol); thymol; methyl salicylate; menthol; sorbitol and/or glycerin; sodium benzoate; poloxamer 407; polysorbate 80; and distilled water. Optionally, the solution also includes one or more of the following: citric acid; sambucus nigra agglutinin; a lectin that binds 2,3 sialic acid; nonoxynol-9; sialyllactose; a protease; a protease inhibitor; and/or chloroquine. The solution is applied to the nasal cavity via a pre-moistened cotton swab or a pre-moistened facial tissue and the solution is applied to the back of the throat via a spray, gum, or gargle solution.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are heat-labile prodrugs, their preparation and uses.

Abstract: An alkylation method comprises reacting a hydroxy aromatic compound with an alkyl alcohol in the presence of an alkylation catalyst comprising a metal oxide wherein the alkylation catalyst, has a surface area to volume ratio of about 950 to about 4,000 m2/m3, an aspect ratio of about 0.7 to about 1.0 or a combination of the foregoing.

Abstract: A process for making medium and long chain alkylaromatics and alkylphenols having a high level of anti-Markovnikov addition of the alkyl group. The alkylaromatics and alkylphenols made by the process of the present invention have enhanced stability and are particularly well suited to make highly stable oil additives and enhanced oil recovery surfactants.

Abstract: In a method for the production of o-alkyl phenols by conversion of phenol with an alkanol at elevated temperature in the gas phase in the presence of a metal catalyst, the conversion takes place in at least two stages wherein the alkanol/phenol molar ratio in each reaction stage is set to a value of approximately ?0.4; a clear increase in the selectivity for the o-alkyl phenol is obtained.

Abstract: The isomerization of an alkylated phenol composition that contains an ortho-alkyl substituted phenol component to isomerize and reduce the level of ortho-alkyl substituted phenol component therein can be accomplished by heating that composition in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of a solid acid catalyst to carry out such isomerization and reduction in the level of ortho-alkyl substituted phenol. Examples of suitable solid acid catalysts can be selected from the H-form zeolites, the supported sulfonic acids, and the heteropoly acids. The resulting isomerized product can be subsequently phosphorylated.

Abstract: Reaction of a phenol with a metal salt of an alcohol produces a metal phenolate salt of a phenol. When a hindered phenol is used a hindered metal phenolate is produced. Such hindered metal phenolate salts are useful in driving the synthesis reaction of hindered phenol esters and phosphite esters to completion.

Abstract: The invention relates to pharmaceutical compounds which are based on the anti-flammatory properties of etheric oils selected from the group consisting of Origanum vulgaris, Thymus vulgaris, Mentha piperita, Thymus serpilum, Saturea hortensis, Saturea montana, Saturea subricata, Carum corticum, Thymus zugis, Ocimum gratisimum, Moranda pungtata, Mosla japanoica and Salvia officinalis. Preferably the etheric oils, obtained at the distillation of Origanum vulgaris, Thymus vulgaris and/or Mentha piperita are used. Such pharmaceutical compounds, compared to synthetic sulfonamids, antibiotics and cortisones do not create biorecidives in the human body as well as in animal meat and milk and milk and do not contribute to the resistance of microorganism against pharmaceutical compositions in general.

Abstract: A process for purifying impure 2,6-diisopropylphenol (DIP) mixtures having lower and higher boiling phenolic impurities is described. The process involves washing the mixture with aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solution in an inert atmosphere and separating the aqueous and organic phases, washing the resulting organic phase with water, and then subjecting the water-washed organic phase to distillation in an inert environment to recover purified DIP. Since only one distillation is required rather than two, the development of impurities in the DIP caused by in situ oxidation reactions at elevated temperatures due to the inevitable presence of traces of air in commercial distillation facilities is reduced to acceptable levels.

Abstract: This invention relates to the process for producing ortho-isopropylated phenol derivatives having following general formula (VIII). ##STR1## (in the above formula, R.sub.1 is a hydrogen or a low alkyl group of C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)A process for producing ortho-isopropylated phenol derivatives (VIII) of the present invention is characterized by obtaining position isomer desired by means of Claisen rearrangement of phenyl allyl ether without catalyst in atmosphere, and then obtaining only one isomer by oxidation and reduction of the above-obtained position isomer. According to the present invention, ortho-alkylated phenol derivatives (VIII) having high purity at low temperature and low pressure can be prepared without producing a by-product and requirement of the complicated separation procedure.

Abstract: Compounds of formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 n-alkyl, isopropyl, s-butyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl or .alpha.-methylbenzyl, R.sub.2 is C.sub.4 -C.sub.18 tert-alkyl or .alpha.,.alpha.-dimethylbenzyl, R.sub.3 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.28 alkyl, and R.sub.4 s methyl or ethyl, with the proviso that the --CHR.sub.3 R.sub.4 group contains at least 4 carbon atoms, are suitable for stabilizing organic material which is susceptible to degradation induced by heat, oxidation or actinic light.

Abstract: A fluorided silica-alumina catalyst, particularly one with a silica:alumina ratio in the range of 1:1-9:1 containing from 1 to 6 weight percent fluoride, is particularly effective in the liquid phase alkylation of benzene by linear olefins to produce linear alkyl benzenes at temperatures no greater than 140.degree. C. These catalysts also are effective in the liquid phase alkylation of alkylatable aromatics generally with a variety of alkylating agents, including olefins, alcohols, and alkyl halides.

Abstract: Silica-aluminas having a sodium content less than about 0.1 weight percent show increased stability when used as a catalyst for the alkylation of aromatic compounds. Where such silica-aluminas are used as the catalyst in detergent alkylation their increased stability permits continuous alkylation to be performed at lower temperatures, as a result of which the detergent alkylate product shows an incrementally higher linearity. Fluorided silica-aluminas having a sodium content of under 0.05 weight percent are particularly advantageous.

Abstract: A method for producing 4-acetoxystyrene by heating 4-acetoxyphenylmethylcarbinol, with an acid catalyst, at a temperature of from about 85.degree. C. to about 300.degree. C. under a pressure of from about 0.1 mm HgA to about 760 mm HgA for from about 0.2 minutes to about 10 minutes. The process also provides for the solventless (neat) hydrogenation of 4-acetoxyacetophenone to produce 4-acetoxyphenylmethylcarbinol. The reaction proceeds by heating at 54.degree. C. to 120.degree. C. with an excess of hydrogen in the presence of a Pd/C or activated nickel such as Raney Nickel catalyst in the absence of a solvent. The 4-acetoxyphenylmethylcarbinol may then be dehydrated to 4-acetoxystyrene. The later may be polymerized to poly(4-acetoxystyrene) and hydrolyzed to poly(4-hydroxystyrene).

Abstract: A continuous horizontal reactor system and process for employing such a system. In one embodiment, a reactor system having a cylindrical multi-compartment vessel, the compartments intercommunicating via a common overhead space or separated spaces from which vapor with reaction product or by-products may be removed, and from which liquid effluent with reaction products or by-products may be removed and reactants and catalyst flowable into each compartment and agitators in each compartment. Such a reactor system for producing liquid epoxy resins. Processes using such a reactor to produce reaction products, e.g. liquid epoxy resins.

Abstract: Alkylated benzenes such as ethylbenzene and cumene are produced by alkylation and/or transalkylation in the presence of an acidic mordenite zeolite catalyst having a silica/alumina molar ratio of at least 30:1 and a crystalline structure which is determined by X-ray diffraction to be a matrix of Cmcm symmetry having dispersed therein domains of Cmmm symmetry.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for obtaining a high purity bisphenol from a post-reaction mixture resulting from the step of synthesis of phenol and acetone in the presence of a strong acid cation exhanger catalyst, by the way of crystallation and separation by distillation followed by recovery of bisphenol-A from the step of thermal catalytic decomposition of by product of the principal process technology in a multistage process.

Abstract: The object of the invention is a new method for the purification of 2,6-diisopropyl phenol (propofol). The invention is characterized in that the raw product obtained from the alkylation of propene with phenol is crystallized at a temperature where propofol crystallizes but the isomers and other phenol derivatives formed in the reaction are still in liquid form, i.e. at a temperature of -25.degree. to +18.degree. C. especially at -20.degree. to -10.degree. C., without a solvent or using a suitable solvent, such as hexane or petrol ether.

Abstract: The invention relates to producing ortho isopropyl phenol catalytically by contacting phenol with isopropanol or propylene, at a temperature of from about 200.degree. C. to about 300.degree. C., with ZSM-12 and zeolite Beta; and recovering ortho isopropyl phenol.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved process for the production of ortho-alkyl phenols by vapor phase reaction of a phenol having at least one ortho-hydrogen with an alcohol, the improvement comprises soaking manganic oxide in an aqueous solution of alkali metal salt, separating the soaked manganic oxide from the solution, drying and calcining the soaked manganic oxide at a temperature of 300.degree.-600.degree. C. for a period of 1-3 hours to form an alkali metal oxide thereon, wherein the weight ratio of the alkali metal oxide to the manganic oxide is 0.5-0.0001 wt %, preferably 0.1-0.001 wt %.

Abstract: A method for preparing 4-hydroxystyrene is disclosed. The method comprises reacting 4-acetoxystyrene with a suitable alcohol in the presence of a catalytic amount of a suitable base.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the conversion of 8-hydroxymenthenes into 8-hydroxycymenes by treating the 8-hydroxymenthenes in the vapor phase with a dehydrogenation catalyst, e.g. palladium. The process is preferably carried out at 80.degree.-150.degree. C. The hydroxymenthene vapor is preferably passed through the catalyst system at a pressure below 8 kPa and/or with the aid of an inert gas or vapor. Oxygen may be present as a hydrogen acceptor. The process is particularly suitable for converting 8-hydroxy-p-menth-l-ene into 8-hydroxy-p-cymene. The reaction products are of value as intermediates in the preparation of fragrance chemicals.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the conversion of 8-hydroxymenthenes into 8-hydroxycymenes by reacting the 8-hydroxymenthenes in the liquid phase in the presence of a dehydrogenation catalyst, e.g. palladium and a hydrogen acceptor e.g. mesityl oxide. The process is preferably carried out at 80.degree.-150.degree. C. and in the presence of base. The process is particularly suitable for converting 8-hydroxy-p-menth-1-ene into 8-hydroxy-p-cymene. The reaction products are of value as intermediates in the preparation of fragrance chemicals.

Abstract: Thymol can be prepared by reaction of m-cresol with propene at elevated temperature and at atmospheric to superatmospheric pressure by using wide- and medium-pored zeolites which have a pore diameter of at least 5 .ANG. as heterogeneous catalysts.

Abstract: An improved process for preparing dithiobisphenols comprising reacting an appropriate phenol with an alkali metal hydride, an alkaline earth metal hydride or mixtures thereof and subsequently reacting the product thereof with sulfur monochloride.

Abstract: A process for producing an alkenyl substituted aromatic compound having the general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein Ar represents an aromatic ring, R.sup.1 represents an alkenyl group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, p is 1, 2, or 3 provided that R.sup.1 may be the same or different when p is 2 or 3, R.sup.2 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, q is 0, 1, or 2 provided that R.sup.2 may be the same or different when q is 2, X represents --OH or --NR.sup.3 R.sup.4 wherein R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 independently represent hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms, n is 1 or 2, provided that the sum of p and q is 1, 2, or 3 comprising the step of catalytically dehydrogenating an alkyl substituted aromatic compound having the general formula (III): ##STR2## wherein R.sup.5 represents an alkyl group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms and Ar, R.sup.2, X, p, q, and n are the same as defined above, n is 1 or 2, provided that R.sup.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel poly-alkylated benzodioxin compounds possessing a musk-like aroma which are useful as fragrance materials. The compounds of the invention have the formula: ##STR1## where R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 are hydrogen or lower alkyl (C.sub.1 to C.sub.5), provided that the compound has no more than 18 carbon atoms. The invention provides for synthesis of a novel phenolic intermediate and synthesis of the compounds of the invention. The invention also provides fragrance compositions which utilize the compounds of the invention to modify, enhance, or impart a musk-like aroma to perfume compositions, colognes and perfumed articles.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of monomeric alkenylphenols from dihydroxydiphenylalkanes by thermal cleavage in certain solvents.

Abstract: A process for replacing an aromatic carbon-thallium bond with a carbon-oxygen bond. The process is particularly suitable for producing specific aromatic isomers by thallating an aromatic compound and replacing the thallium with a carboxylate group which can be further hydrolyzed if desired to form an aromatic hydroxyl compound.

Abstract: Perfume compositions and perfumed products characterized by a content of one or more fragrances which have a very natural leather odor and correspond to the formula ##STR1## wherein one of the two symbols R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 represents a methyl group and the other a hydrogen atom or both symbols represent a hydrogen atom and R.sub.3 represents a n-propyl, allyl, 1-propenyl-, sec.butyl, 1-buten-3-yl, isobutyl or 2-methylpropen-3-yl group.

Abstract: A process for producing 2,4-di-substituted phenols wherein an olefin is reacted with phenol in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst comprising an aluminum phenoxide bonded to an acidic solid polymeric resin to preferably form 2,4-di-substituted phenol. A process for preparing a heterogeneous catalyst and a heterogeneous catalyst having the structure(Resin --A--).sub.m Al(--OC.sub.6 R.sub.5).sub.n (11)wherein Resin is a solid polymeric resin having acidic functional groups A, m is 1 or 2, n is 2 or 3 and the R are independently selected from H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, and aralkyl. Preferably, a styrene-divinylbenzene polymeric resin of a macroreticular structure is used for the alkylation process and A is --SO.sub.3 --.

Abstract: A process for producing an orthoalkylphenol which comprises reacting phenol with an olefin in a liquid phase in the presence of an alumina catalyst, characterized in that the water content in the liquid phase of the reaction system is maintained at a level of not higher than 250 ppm.

Abstract: Prepare p-isopropenyl phenol and other alkenyl aromatic compounds by contacting a dihydroxydiphenyl alkane or a related substituted diaromatic alkane with an alkaline catalyst and at least one gas under supercritical conditions such that p-isopropenyl phenol or the corresponding related alkenyl aromatic compound is produced.

Abstract: The process for preparing 4-isopropylphenol (4-IPP) from 2-isopropylphenol (2-IPP) comprising contacting phenol with 2-IPP in the presence of a catalyst system selected from: (1) the combination of sulfuric acid on comminuted acid clay and a molecular sieve; and (2) trifluoromethane sulfonic acid (TFMSA); at a temperature of from about 90.degree. C. to about 250.degree. C., preferably from about 110.degree. C. to about 200.degree. C., wherein the initial mole ratio of phenol/2-IPP is from about 6 to about 2, preferably from about 4 to about 2.5, for a sufficient period to give a mole ratio of 4-IPP/2-IPP in the reaction system of from about 0.6 to about 1.5, and preferably from about 0.8 to about 1.2, without significant meta-isopropylphenol formation, i.e., less than about 10 mole %. In the isolation procedure, distillation separates the reaction mixture into phenol, 2-IPP, and 4-IPP.

Abstract: At least one of the other functions comprising an aryl-aliphatic ether, e.g., veratrol, is catalytically hydrolyzed with water, e.g., to guaiacol, in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of a salt of a carboxylic acid.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for separating 5-isopropyl-m-cresol from other isopropylated m-cresols by treating a mixture of the isopropylated m-cresols with a metal halide salt. The metal halide salt preferentially forms a complex with 5-isopropyl-m-cresol over other related closely-boiling isopropylated m-cresols in the mixture. The preferentially-formed complex of 5-isopropyl-m-cresol may then be isolated from the mixture and the complex decomposed to provide a product substantially enriched in, or substantially entirely composed of, 5-isopropyl-m-cresol. The process is particularly suitable for isolating 5-isopropyl-m-cresol from closely-boiling isomers, and di-isopropylated m-cresols.

Abstract: p-Alkenyl phenols are prepared by reacting an alkylated phenol having a replaceable hydrogen atom at the 4- position with an aliphatic aldehyde having two carbon atoms up to at least 20 carbon atoms in the molecule and a secondary amine.