Abstract: An alkylated hydroxyaromatic compound prepared by reacting at least one hydroxyaromatic compound with a branched olefinic oligomer having from about 20 to about 80 carbon atoms in the presence of a acid catalyst. The alkylated hydroxyaromatic compound has been determined to be substantially free of endocrine disruptive chemicals when the effects were quantified on pubertal development and thyroid function in the intact juvenile female rat.

Abstract: An alkylated hydroxyl-containing aromatic compound is produced by isomerizing a normal alpha-olefin having from about 16 to about 30 carbon atoms in the presence of a first solid, acidic catalyst capable of inducing both olefin isomerization and skeletal isomerization to produce a mixture of isomerized olefin, then alkylating an hydroxyl-containing aromatic compound with the mixture of isomerized olefins in the presence of a second solid, acidic catalyst. The first solid, acidic catalyst can be SM-3, MAPO-11, SAPO-11, SSZ-32, ZSM-23, MAPO-39, SAPO-39, ZSM-22, SSZ-20, ZSM-35, SUZ-4, NU-23, NU-87, natural ferrierite or synthetic ferrierite. The second solid, acidic catalyst can be a sulfonic acid anionic ion exchange resin catalyst or an acidic clay.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the preparation of dialkyl aromatic hydroxyl compounds such as dialkylphenols, dialkylbenzenediols, dialkylnaphthols and dialkylnaphthalenediols, especially 2,5-dialkylhydroquinone, by contacting an aromatic hydroxy compound with an olefin in the presence of a sulfonic acid and sulfuric acid.

Abstract: A method for C-alkylating a hydroxylated aromatic compound having at least one hydrogen atom in the ortho or para position relative to the hydroxyl grouping, wherein the aromatic compound is exposed to a proton acid and a compound causing the formation of a carbo-cation in the presence of the acid, and the reaction is performed in the presence of a solvent consisting of a water-alcohol pair.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to oil-soluble lubricating oil additives comprising Mannich Base condensates of an alkyl substituted hydroxy aromatic compound with formaldehyde and an amine, wherein the alkyl-moiety of the aromatic compounds is derived from at least one ethylene alpha-olefin copolymer of 300 to 20,000 number average molecular weight, wherein at least about 30% of the polymer's chains contain terminal ethenylidene unsaturation. The Mannich Base condensates of this invention are useful as dispersants.

Abstract: A process for alkylating an aromatic polyol, such as catechol, with an alpha olefin oligomer of alpha olefins having from about 8 to 14 carbon atoms or mixtures thereof using an organic sulfonic acid catalyst which is soluble under the alkylation reaction conditions. The liquid alkyl aromatic polyol product is useful as a lubricating oil additive or lubricating oil base stock.

Abstract: A composition containing a) a polystyrene, substituted polystyrene, copolymer or terpolymer of styrene or of a substituted styrene, polycarbonate, polyester-carbonate, polyurethane, polyamide copolyamide, polyacetyl or polyphenylene oxide and b) at least one compound of the formula I ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 is methyl or ethyl and R.sub.2 is C.sub.2 -C.sub.30 alkyl.Compounds of the formula I in which R.sub.2 is C.sub.8 -C.sub.30 alkyl are novel and are suitable for stabilizing organic materials against thermal, oxidative and actinic degradation.

Abstract: There are disclosed novel compositions of matter comprising monoalkylphenols prepared by selectively alkylating the olefin component of a thermally cracked sulfur-containing petroleum distillate derived from residua. The monoalkylphenols have certain ortho to para ratios and may be used to prepare a number of useful derivatives such as ethoxylated and propoxylated surfactants, sulfoalkylated products, sulfurized antioxidants, overbased phenates, dithiophosphate derivatives, formaldehyde reaction products and similar methylene bridged products which are useful demulsifiers.

Abstract: There are disclosed novel compositions of matter comprising monoalkylphenols prepared by selectively alkylating the olefin component of a thermally cracked sulfur-containing petroleum distillate derived from residua. The monoalkylphenols have certain ortho to para ratios and may be used to prepare a number of useful derivatives such as ethoxylated and propoxylated surfactants, sulfoalkylated products, sulfurized antioxidants, overbased phenates, dithiophosphate derivatives, formaldehyde reaction products and similar methylene bridged products which are useful demulsifiers.

Abstract: A process is provided for converting waste distillation bottoms containing t-alkylphenols with substantial unknown constituents to useable para-t-alkylphenols. The process comprises heating the waste distillation bottoms with phenol and an acid catalyst to effect transalkylation. The waste distillation bottoms typically result from the production of para-t-alkylphenol and/or 2,4-di-t-alkylphenol.

Abstract: p-tert-octyl phenol is produced by reaction of phenol with diisobutene in the presence of an acidic ion exchanger and water, in a first stage, in a solid-bed reactor at temperatures of 110.degree.-140.degree. C. and under an excess pressure of up to 5 bar. The resultant dioctyl phenol formed as a by-product is alkylated in a second stage in a further solid-bed reactor with phenol in the presence of an acidic ion exchanger, and water at temperatures of 110.degree.-140.degree. C. and under an excess pressure of up to 5 bar to obtain additional p-tert-octyl phenol.

Abstract: A continuous process is provided for the production of para alkyl phenols. In the process a mixture of phenol, olefin and strong organic acid, is reacted for a brief period of time. The resulting reaction mixture is quenched, and the para alkyl phenol recovered.

Abstract: Alkylation of 4-alkylphenols with 2-methylpropene in the presence of a macroreticular cation exchange resin bearing sulfonic acid groups with an internal surface area greater than about 200 m.sup.2 /g and an average pore diameter less than about 120 Angstroms leads to the 2,6-dialkylated product in high yields. Using a resin with an internal surface area of from about 525 to about 575 m.sup.2 /g and an average pore diameter from about 40 to about 60 Angstroms, there can be prepared from 4-methylphenol the antioxidant 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol in a yield in excess of 90%.

Abstract: Hydroxyaromatic compounds, especially phenols, are reacted with an alkyl tert.butyl ether in the presence of an acidic catalyst and the as formed light alcoholic fractions are removed by flashing.

Abstract: A method of eliminating color-causing impurities in mixtures of t-butylalkyl phenols by treatment with trioxane at 100.degree. C. and 1 atmospheric pressure is described. These phenols are used as peroxide inhibitors in polyol formulations for polyurethane foams. Discoloration of the polyol occurs if the phenol mixture is not treated with trioxane. It is an essential part of the invention that the t-butyl alkylphenol mixture be derived from an alkylphenol made over an acid resin catalyst. Mixtures made by a BF.sub.3 process may not be decolorized by this method. Generally, the color decreases with increasing amounts of trioxane.

Abstract: Hydroquinone is subjected to an alkylation reaction utilizing isobutylene or t-butyl alcohol as the alkylating agent to obtain t-butyl hydroquinone. The alkylation reaction is effected in the presence of an acidic catalyst such as phosphoric acid at temperatures ranging from about 75.degree. to about 200.degree. C. and a pressure in the range of from about atmospheric to about 100 atmospheres. By employing a mixture of a nonpolar hydrocarbon solvent such as xylene and an aliphatic ketone such as 2-heptanone, it is possible to obtain a greater ratio of mono-alkylated product to di-alkylated product.

Abstract: Hydroxy-substituted aromatic compounds may be alkylated by treatment with an alkylating agent such as an olefin or an alcohol at a temperature in the range of from about 50.degree. to about 200.degree. C. and a pressure in the range of from about atmospheric to about 100 atmospheres in the presence of a fluoro-substituted resin. The resulting product will comprise both mono- and di-alkylated hydroxy-substituted aromatic compounds.

Abstract: Detrimental color change of phenolic antioxidants during production, storage and use in rubbers is inhibited by adding during the synthesis of the phenolic antioxidant a disubstituted hydroxylamine to the catalyst neutralization solution and a substituted oxime together with a disubstituted hydroxylamine to the reaction mixture prior to filtration.

Abstract: A mixture of 2,4-/2,5-xylenol can be alkylated with a suitable alkylating agent over a strongly acidic divinylbenzene-styrene copolymer to afford a greater amount of 4-t-alkyl-2,5-xylenol than 6-t-alkyl-2,4-xylenol provided the alkylation is carried out at a suitably low temperature of 60.degree. C. or less.

Abstract: A mixture of 2,4-/2,5-xylenol can be alkylated with a suitable alkylating agent over a strongly acidic divinylbenzene-styrene copolymer to afford a greater amount of 4-t-alkyl-2,5-xylenol than 6-t-alkyl-2,4-xylenol provided the alkylation is carried out at a suitably low temperature of up to 60.degree. C.

Abstract: The relative amount of 2,5-xylenol in a 2,4-/2,5-xylenol mixture is significantly increased by passage of the xylenol mixture together with a suitable tertiary-alkylating agent through a reactor packed with a polymer-bound sulfonic acid catalyst at temperatures of 65.degree.-95.degree. C. and, preferably, 80.degree.-90.degree. C. The product stream from such a reactor under these conditions based on a 50:50 mixture of the two isomers contains a much greater amount of 6-t-alkyl-2,4-xylenol (t-alkylated 2,4-xylenol) than 4-t-alkyl-2,5-xylenol (t-alkylated 2,5-xylenol); consequently the resulting unalkylated 2,4-/2,5-xylenol mixture is greatly enriched in 2,5-xylenol. Recovery of the unalkylated mixture by fractionation thus affords a crude 2,5-xylenol which can be further purified to give pure 2,5-xylenol.

Abstract: A process for preparing 6-t-butyl alkylphenols from alkylphenols in high selectivity is disclosed, wherein the starting alkylphenol is a 3-alkylphenol or a 2,3-dialkylphenol and the alkyl group is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 primary alkyl. The process comprises reacting a 3-alkylphenol or a 2,3-dialkylphenol, wherein the alkyl group is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 primary alkyl, with isobutylene in the presence of a catalyst, which is a sulfonated polystyrene crosslinked with a divinylbenzene, at a temperature of 50.degree. to 90.degree.C.

Abstract: A process for preparing 5-t-butyl alkylphenols from alkylphenols in high selectivity is disclosed, wherein the starting alkylphenol is a 3-alkylphenol or a 2,3-dialkylphenol and the alkyl group is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 primary alkyl. The process comprises reacting a 3-alkylphenol or a 2,3-dialkylphenol, wherein the alkyl group is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 primary alkyl, with isobutylene in the presence of a catalyst, which is a sulfonated polystyrene crosslinked with divinylbenzene, at a temperature of at least 100.degree. C.

Abstract: In a process for the manufacture of a p-alkylphenol by alkylating phenol with an olefin of 3 to 4 carbon atoms, at an elevated temperature, in the liquid phase, in two reaction zones in series and in the presence of a strongly acidic ion exchange resin as the catalyst, an improvement comprises:(a) passing in a first reaction stage at a temperature of 80.degree.-140.degree. C. over a suspended catalyst, the olefin as a gas at a gas velocity of 30 to 20 cm/second, based on the free cross-section of the empty reactor and on a molar volume of 25 liters per mole of olefin, from below into the reaction mixture; and(b) passing the resulting liquid reaction product, into a second reaction stage, at a temperature of 80.degree.-140.degree. C. over a fixed-bed catalyst;wherein a catalyst having an exchange capacity of 70-120 m. equivalents/100 cm.sup.3 is used in both reaction stages.

Abstract: A method is described for the selective dealkylation of 4-tertiary-alkyl-2,5-xylenol while it is admixed with 6-tertiary-alkyl-2,4-xylenol by contacting the mixture of alkylated xylenols with a polymer-bound sulfonic acid catalyst at temperatures of 60.degree. C. or less and pressures of from about 0.5 to 5 atmospheres. The method is useful in separating 2,4-/2,5-xylenol mixtures.

Abstract: Alkylphenol compounds are manufactured by continuous reaction of phenolic compounds with olefins in the presence of a pulverulent polystyrenesulfonic acid exchanger suspended in the reaction mixture. The products are starting materials for the manufacture of dyes, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, emulsifiers, dispersing agents, stabilizers, antioxidants, plasticizers, corrosion inhibitors, disinfectants, seed dressings, aging inhibitors, crop protection agents and scents.

Abstract: A process for the continuous preparation of a ditertiary butylcresol wherein m- or p-cresol is reacted with isobutene at elevated temperature using H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 as catalyst wherein the process is carried out stepwise by introducing stepwise into a reaction mixture comprising substantially all of the cresol to be reacted with isobutene. The total amount of isobutene introduced is introduced such that less isobutene is charged in a last stage of the process than in the first stage thereof. Thereafter the catalyst is deactivated.