Abstract: Disclosed are acid-stable compounds of Formula I: ##STR1## as well as pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds as active ingredients, and methods to treat cancers in mammal, including humans, by administering one or more of the compounds to a subject in need thereof. The compounds are resistant to acid hydrolysis.

Abstract: There is disclosed a novel polyene alcohol derivative of the formula [I]: ##STR1## wherein, R represents a hydrogen atom or a protective group for a hydroxy group, andY represents the following group: ##STR2## wherein, R represents a hydrogen atom or a protective group for a hydroxy group, and Y represents the following group, and a production method thereof.

Abstract: Multiple micro-encapsulations of a high concentration oleophilic substance using heat to set the primary particle renders the composition suitable for the production of free-flowing powders or beadlets. Microencapsulation involves forming an emulsion out of the oleophilic substance and a polymer, and then use heat setting and/or cross-linking the polymer encapsulates the oleophilic composition. This process is then repeated with a second polymer or third polymer, and with or without cross-linked via the same or different mechanism to further protect the oleophilic substance.

Abstract: A method of isomerizing lutein to yield a mixture of epimers of zeaxanthin includes the following steps: mixing a lutein-containing extract in a glycol solution to obtain a mixture, treating the mixture with alkali to obtain an alkali-containing mixture, reacting the alkali-containing mixture in the presence of heat for a duration consistent with achieving a desired level of isomerization of lutein to zeaxanthin.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the catalyzed isomerization of a Z-isomer of a vitamin A compound or of a mixture of several of such isomers into a mixture of the corresponding all-E- and 13-Z-isomers of this vitamin A compound. The process utilizes nitrogen monoxide or a gas mixture containing nitrogen monoxide as the isomerization catalyst. Vitamin A acetate or vitamin A acid is preferably used as the vitamin A compound. The thus-produced all-E vitamin A and its alkanoyl esters have of all isomers by far the highest biological activity and are accordingly almost exclusively used in human and animal nutrition. The 13-Z-vitamin A compounds in turn play an important role as pharmaceutically active substances.

Abstract: The present invention provides a purified retinoid compound characterized by a molecular mass of about 320 daltons and an atomic composition of C.sub.20 H.sub.32 O.sub.3. The present invention also provides a purified retinoid compound having the following structure: ##STR1## wherein the configuration of C7, C9, and C11 double bond independently is Z or E and the absolute configuration at C13 and C14 is independently R or S; wherein R1 is hydroxyl, alkyl, alkyl halide, alcohol, ester, ether, aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, carboxylic ester, acyl halide, amide, nitrile, or amine; wherein R2 and R3 are independently hydroxyl, halide, alkoxy, ester, alkyl, alcohol, ether, aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, carboxylic ester, nitrile, amine, azide, alkyl halide, acid halide, acid azide, or amide; or wherein R2 and R3, or R1 and R2 are replaced by a 13,14-oxirane or a 14,15-oxirane group, respectively.

Abstract: The present invention provides a purified retinoid compound characterized by a molecular mass of about 320 daltons and an atomic composition of C.sub.20 H.sub.32 O.sub.3. The present invention also provides a purified retinoid compound having the structure: ##STR1## wherein the configuration of the C7, C9, and C11 double bond independently is Z or E and the absolute configuration at C13 and C14 is independently R or S; wherein R1 is alkyl, alkyl halide, alcohol, ester, ether, aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, carboxylic ester, acyl halide, amide, nitrile, or amine; R2 and R3 are independently hydroxyl, halide, alkoxy, ester, alkyl, alcohol, ether, aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, carboxylic ester, nitrile, amine, azide, alkyl halide, acid halide, acid azide, or amide; or wherein R2 and R3, or R1 and R2 are replaced by a 13,14-oxirane or a 14,15-oxirane group, respectively.

Abstract: This invention provides a homogeneous retro-retinoid compound, a method of enhancing the growth of a cell in a vitamin A reduced environment, a method for enhancing transcription of a gene regulated by retinoid in a cell, and a method for enhancing an immune response in a subject, wherein the compound has the structure: ##STR1##

Abstract: A process for the preparation of vitamin A which comprises condensing ethynyl-.beta.-ionol with the acetal of a C.sub.5 allylic halide in the presence of a catalytic amount of a copper-based catalyst and a base; hydrogenating the condensed compound; eliminating the hydroxyl functional group to obtain retinal; and correcting the retinal obtained.

Abstract: This invention provides a purified retro-retinoid compound characterized by a molecular mass of about 302 daltons. Also provided by this invention is a method of enhancing the growth of a cell in a vitamin A reduced environment which comprises contacting the cell with an effective growth enhancing amount of a compound having a structure: ##STR1## wherein the configuration of the C6, C8, C10 and C12 double bond independently is Z or E and the absolute configuration at C-14 is independently R or S; wherein R.sub.1 is alkyl, alkyl halide, alcohol, ester, ether, aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, carboxylic ester, acid halide, amide, nitrile, or amine; and wherein R.sub.2 is hydroxyl, halide, alkoxy, ester, alkyl, alcohol, ether, aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, carboxylic ester, nitrile, amine, azide, alkyl halide, acid halide, acid azide, or amide; or wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are replaced by a 14, 15-oxirane group; and wherein the retro structure is alpha or gamma.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of spherules and emulsions containing such spherules. A primary oil-in-water emulsion is formed containing particles comprising one or more active principles in oily form suspended in water, the water optionally containing at least one protein. Controlled division of the primary emulsion is achieved by combining the primary emulsion with a water-immiscible solvent to create a second emulsion containing spherules of the primary emulsion. Preferably, the particles of the primary emulsion have mean diameters of about 1 .mu.m, and preferably, the spherules contained in the second emulsion have a diameter ranging from 100 .mu.m to 500 .mu.m. If protein is contained in the primary emulsion, the protein can be cross-linked. Further, the spherules can be separated from the water-immiscible solvent.

Abstract: 1,3-propanediol is prepared in a process comprising the steps of:contacting ethylene oxide with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in an essentially non-water-miscible solvent in the presence of an effective amount of a non-phosphine-ligated cobalt catalyst and an effective amount of a lipophilic quaternary ammonium salt at a temperature within the range of about 50.degree. to about 100.degree. C. and a, pressure within the range of about 500 to about 5000 psig, under reaction conditions effective to produce an intermediate product mixture comprising less than 15 wt % 3-hydroxypropanal;adding an aqueous liquid to said intermediate product mixture and extracting into said aqueous liquid at a temperature less than about 100.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of vitamin A which preferably comprises bringing cyclogeranyl sulphone into contact with a C.sub.10 aldehyde acetal, halogenating the derivative obtained and then removing the halogen group and the sulphone, removing the acetal group and isomerizing the retinal obtained to the desired configuration. Also disclosed are compounds useful as intermediates in the synthesis of vitamin A and processes for preparation of these intermediate compounds.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of vitamin A which preferably comprises bringing cyclogeranyl sulphone into contact with a C.sub.10 aldehyde acetal, halogenating the derivative obtained and then removing the halogen group and the sulphone, removing the acetal group and isomerizing the retinal obtained to the desired configuration. Also disclosed are compounds useful as intermediates in the synthesis of vitamin A and processes for preparation of these intermediate compounds.

Abstract: A process for purifying vitamin A consisting of heating a vitamin A preparation in an inert atmosphere, at a temperature below 170.degree. C. and a pressure of less than 4 mm of mercury, said heating taking place in a vessel shielded from light is disclosed. The vitamin A obtained from this process is mixed with from 0.5:1 to 2:1 parts of tocopherol to vitamin A. The vitamin A and tocopherol mixture can be encapsulated in acacia gum, starch, pectins or other suitable materials. Other antioxidants can be added.

Abstract: A method of isolating, purifying and recrystallizing substantially pure lutein, preferably from saponified marigold oleoresin in its pure free form, apart from chemical impurities and other carotenoids. Lutein may be used as an analytical standard or in cancer prevention trials and as a safe and effective color additive for human food.

Abstract: This invention provides a purified retro-retinoid compound characterized by a molecular mass of about 302 daltons. Also provided by this invention is a method of enhancing the growth of a cell in a vitamin A reduced environment which comprises contacting the cell with an effective growth enhancing amount of a compound having a structure: ##STR1## wherein the configuration of the C6, C8, C10 and C12 double bond independently is Z or E and the absolute configuration at C-14 is independently R or S; wherein R.sub.1 is alkyl, alkyl halide, alcohol, ester, ether, aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, carboxylic ester, acid halide, amide, nitrile, or amine; and wherein R.sub.2 is hydroxyl, halide, alkoxy, ester, alkyl, alcohol, ether, aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, carboxylic ester, nitrile, amine, azide, alkyl halide, acid halide, acid azide, or amide; or wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are replaced by a 14, 15-oxirane group; and wherein the retro structure is alpha or gamma.

Abstract: A novel process is described for the manufacture of a mixture of 6-(2',6',6'-trimethyl-cyclohex-1'-en-1'-yl)-4-methyl-hex-3-en-1-ol and -4-en-1-ol (I) and, respectively, of a mixture of [3a.alpha.,5a.beta.,9a.alpha.,9b.beta.]-dodecahydro-3a,6,6,9a-tetramethyln aphtho[2,1-b]furan and [3a.alpha.,5a.beta.,9a.alpha.,9b.alpha.

Abstract: There are described antitumour sterols, their fatty acid esters and glucosides, processes for their preparation, spontaneously dispersible agents containing these sterols, their fatty acid esters and glucosides, and their use for treating tumours.

Abstract: A method and composition for enhancing the action of biological response modifiers, such as promoting cellular differentiation, by using Vitamin A or an analog thereof and sphingosine or an analog thereof.

Abstract: There are disclosed 3-substituted and 3,3-disubstituted all-trans-4-oxoretinoic acids and 3-substituted and 3,3-disubstituted 13-cis-4-oxoretinoic acids and their lower alkyl esters.

Abstract: Retinoic esters of L-cladinose have the formula ##STR1## wherein the ##STR2## radical is (all trans) retinoyl, (13 cis) retinoyl or etretinoyl, and R.sub.2 represents linear or branched alkyl having 1-24 carbon atoms; and the .alpha. and .beta. anomers and their mixtures.These esters are usefully employed in human and veterinary medicines and in cosmetic compositions.

Abstract: A tretinoin-mineral oil-petrolatum product in which the ingredients are blended at about 90.degree. C., which product retains its therapeutic activity despite storage at ambient conditions without the need for an antioxidant.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of compounds of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 signifies hydroxy or an etherified hydroxy group, and of zeaxanthin by converting a compound of the general formula ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1 has the above significance, in an inert organic solvent into the acetylenide and reacting this with methyl vinyl ketone, reducing the alcoholate obtained or the alcohol (obtained after hydrolysis of the alcoholate) of the general formula ##STR3## wherein R.sup.1 has the above significance, and subsequently hydrolyzing to give the compound of formula IV and, if desired, converting the compound of formula IV obtained into zeaxanthin.

Abstract: A stable mixture of an oxidation-sensitive compound contains triglycerides, complexing agents and coating substances as well as the oxidation-sensitive compound.

Abstract: Vitamin A containing practically no 2-cis or 6-cis isomer is prepared by hydrogenation of the aldehyde of vitamin A, optionally in the form of a complex with hydroquinone, in the presence of a ruthenium hydride catalyst.

Abstract: A process for producing vitamin A represented by the formula ##STR1## which comprises treating a compound represented by the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1 represents an aryl group which may be substituted, R.sup.21 and R.sup.22 each represent a hydrogen atom or a lower alkanoyl group, R.sup.3 represents an acetal-type protective group for a hydroxyl group, and X represents a halogen atom, with a base; and novel intermediate compounds useful for the above process.

Abstract: A process for producing vitamin A represented by the formula ##STR1## which comprises treating a compound represented by the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1 represents an aryl group which may be substituted, R.sup.21 and R.sup.22 each represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkanoyl group, R.sup.3 represents an acetal-type protective group for a hydroxyl group, and X represents a halogen atom, with a base; and novel intermediate compounds useful for the above process.

Abstract: A process for producing cycloketones of a 5 or 6 carbon chain length through which said ketones are known intermediates for producing carotenoids.

Abstract: A process for forming a purified solute from an aqueous solution is provided whereby a mixture of an extractant, a hydrate former and the aqueous solution is first formed. The hydrate former forms a hydrate with water while the solute does not form a hydrate. The extractant takes up the solute from the aqueous solution. The mixture is subjected to a temperature and pressure sufficient to form the solid hydrate of the hydrate former, an aqueous solution of the solute and a portion comprising the extractant containing the solute. The solute is recovered from the portion comprising the extractant and the solute.

Abstract: A novel derivative of (-)-6,6-dimethylbicyclo [3.1.1]ept-2-ene-2-ethanol (J. P. Bain, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1946, vol. 68, page 638) is disclosed. The parent composition is marketed e.g. under the name nopol, v. The Aldrich-Europe Catalog Handbook of Fine Chemicals, item 3160-5 nopol 98% 128-50-7.The object of the present invention is the compound of formula (I): 4-(2-hydroxyethyl) -.alpha..alpha.dimethyl-5-hydroxy-3-cyclohexene-1-methanol, with the process for obtaining the same, which consists of the preparation of (-)-(6,6-dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]ept-2-ene-2-ethanol epoxide, followed by hydration of the above compound. Finally, this invention comprises the pharmaceutical compositions containing the compound of formula (I) which have a mucosecretolytic pharmacological activity.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of an isomeric mixture of cis- and trans-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexyl)-hexan-3-ol according to a three-step pathway starting from trimethylcyclohexanone.

Abstract: Composition consisting of from less than 100% to more than about 80% of trans-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexyl)-hexan-3-ol and a definite amount, but not more than about 20%, of cis-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexyl)-hexan-3-ol.Process for preparing same from .beta.-cyclocitral via a three-, optionally, four-step pathway.Utilization of the said composition as effective perfume ingredient.

Abstract: Novel odorant substances of the formula: ##STR1## wherein: one of the three dotted lines represents an optional bond,R.sup.1 represents hydrogen, an alkyl group of one to four carbons or an alkenyl group of two to four carbons,R.sup.2 represents hydrogen or methyl,R.sup.3 represents hydrogen or methyl, provided thatR.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are never both hydrogen, and novel fragrance compositions containing same.

Abstract: A novel derivative of (-)-6,6-dimethylbicyclo[3.3.1]ept-2-ene-2-methanol is disclosed.The compound which is an object of the present invention, is the derivative :.alpha.,.alpha.-dimethyl-5-hydroxy-3-cyclohexene-1,4-dimethanol.The present invention further discloses the process for obtaining the compound which consists in preparing the (-)-6,6-dimethylbicyclo[3.3.1]ept-2-ene-2-methanol epoxide, thereafter hydrating the above compound and separating the compound from the hydration products. Finally, this invention comprises the pharmaceutical compositions containing the compound which possess a pharmacological mucosecretolytic activity.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of an isomeric mixture of cis- and trans-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexyl)-hexan-3-ol according to a three-step pathway starting from trimethylcyclohexanone.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel compounds having pharmaceutical activity and having the general structure ##STR1## wherein the Z, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, n and m are defined within.

Abstract: Polyunsaturated ketones of formula ##STR1## having a double bond in position 2' or 3' of the side chain and possessing either an isolated double bond in position 1 or 2, or two conjugated double bonds in positions 1 and 3 of the ring, as indicated by the dotted lines, and whereinindex n stands for integer 1 or 2, andeach of the symbols R.sup.1 to R.sup.7, identical or different, designates a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl radical,are prepared by a process which makes use of tertiary diallyl carbinols as starting materials.

Abstract: 1,5-Dimethyl-hexa-1,5-dienylene compounds, and especially Vitamin A and derivatives thereof, are made by desuphonylating with a basic reagent a sulphone of the formula: ##STR1## in which the sulphonyl group --SO.sub.2 R replaces a hydrogen atom on carbon atom (a) or (b), R represents a phenyl or napthyl group, A is 2-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)ethenyl, and Q is --CH.sub.2 OH or an ether or ester thereof, CHO, or an acetal group.

Abstract: Novel acetylenic compounds useful as starting materials for the preparation of .beta.-damascenone. Process for their preparation and use thereof.

Abstract: Novel odorant and/or flavorant mixtures are provided by fermentation of ionone type compounds with microorganisms of the genera Botryodiplodia, Botryosphaeria, or Lasiodiplodia.

Abstract: Novel odorant and/or flavorant mixtures are provided by fermentation of ionone type compounds with microorganisms of the genera Botyrodiplodia, Botryosphaeria, or Lasiodiplodia.

Abstract: Sulphones useful for preparing polyenes have the formula: ##STR1## where the sulphonyl group replaces a hydrogen atom on carbon atom (a) or (b), R represents alkyl, aralkyl or aryl, optionally substituted, A and Q represent an optionally substituted hydrocarbon of 5n+1 carbon atoms (n is 1-5), methyl, optionally substituted by halogen, sulphide or sulphone, CH.sub.2 OH (or an ether or ester thereof), CHO (optionally protected), COOH (or an acid chloride, ester or nitrile thereof), with the proviso that when A represents a 2-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl) ethenyl radical, Q cannot represent --COOH or an ester thereof.

Abstract: Novel acetylenic compounds useful as starting materials for the preparation of .beta.-damascenone. Process for their preparation and use thereof.

Abstract: Novel odorant and/or flavorant mixtures are provided by fermentation of ionone type compounds with microorganisms of the genera Botryodiplodia, Botryosphaeria, or Lasiodiplodia.

Abstract: Described are cyclohexenemethanols and uses thereof in augmenting or enhancing the aroma of fabric softener articles.

Abstract: A new process for preparing 1-(3-oxo-2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-3-methyl-1,4-pentadien-3-ol, a intermediate for canthaxanthin, from hydroxy-.beta.-ionone.

Abstract: New derivatives of 8-dehydro-vitamin A obtained by vinylating or ethynylating and subsequently partially hydrogenating, 1-[3-methyl-octa-1-yne,3,5,-dien-7-on-1-yl]-2,6-dimethyl-cyclohex-1-ene or its 5- and/or 6-methyl derivatives, converting the resulting alcohols to the corresponding derivatives of 8-dehydro-vitamin A halides by reacting with thionyl chloride or phosgene, and if required converting the resulting alcohols or halides to the corresponding trialkylphosphonium salts or triarylphosphonium salts, or reacting the 8-dehydro-vitamin A halide derivatives with alkali metal salts or alkaline earth metal salts or anhydrides of lower carboxylic acids. The new compounds can be partially hydrogenated to the corresponding polyene compounds, in which case the cis-trans isomer mixtures first obtained can be rearranged in the conventional manner to the physiologically active all-trans compounds.

Abstract: Described are 2,6,6-trimethyl-alpha-propenyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene-1-methanol substances having the structures: ##STR1## which are useful for augmenting or enhancing the aroma or taste of consumable materials including foodstuffs, chewing gums, toothpastes, medicinal products, perfumes, colognes, perfumed articles, smoking tobaccos and smoking tobacco flavors.

Abstract: Described is a process for preparing .beta.-damascone starting with 2,6,6-trimethyl cyclohex-2-enone according to the reaction sequence: ##STR1## wherein Z is hydrogen, MgX', Li, Na or K; Y is MgX', Li, Na or K; X' is Cl, Br or I; R is C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 lower alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl or i-propyl; X is Cl, Br or I. Also described are the organoleptic uses of the compound having the structure: ##STR2## in augmenting or enhancing the taste or aroma of a consumable material, e.g., foodstuff, chewing gum, medicinal product, chewing tobacco, smoking tobacco, perfume, perfumed article (e.g., drier-added fabric softener articles and solid or liquid anionic, cationic or nonionic detergents) and cologne.