Abstract: Methods are provided for determining whether a chicken egg, or a chicken egg pool, belongs to a class of organic chicken eggs. The yolk scyllo-inositol and myo-inositol concentrations, or concentration-related signals or values, are measured and the ratio between the scyllo-inositol concentration or concentration-related signal or value and the myo-inositol concentration or concentration-related signal or value is determined.

Abstract: A method for treating a patient having ASD is disclosed. The method includes administering to the patient a plurality of comestible units, e.g., cookies, cumulatively comprising a therapeutically effective amount of inositol. The method may further include administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist in an extended release dosage form.

Abstract: Disclosed are processes for preparing 1,2-cyclohexanediol, and mixtures of 1,2-cyclohexanediol and 1,6-hexanediol, by hydrogenating 1,2,6-hexanetriol.

Abstract: Methods of synthesis of scyllitol diborate and related compounds are provided, including methods that are performed in all-aqueous solutions. Also provided are methods in which the reaction products are recycled to increase the efficiency of the process. The methods include the steps of conversion of a solution of inositol to scyllitol, conversion of scyllitol in the solution to scyllitol diborate, and isolation of the scyllitol diborate from the solution. The scyllitol diborate is reacted to form substantially pure scyllitol diborate, and the remaining solution is efficiently recycled to scyllitol diborate, then to additional substantially pure scyllitol. This scyllitol diborate recycling step can be applied to a variety of processes to improve the yield of scyllitol. The methods are highly efficient and result in large scale reaction products of high purity.

Abstract: It is intended to provide a novel NAD+-independent myo-inositol 2-dehydrogenase which converts myo-inositol into scyllo-inosose in the absence of NAD+; a novel enzyme scyllo-inositol dehydrogenase which stereospecifically reduces scyllo-inosose into scyllo-inositol in the presence of NADH or NADPH; and a novel microorganism which belongs to the genus Acetobacter or Burkholderia and can convert myo-inositol into scyllo-inositol. By using these enzymes or the microorganism, scyllo-inositol is produced. Furthermore, scyllo-inositol is purified by adding boric acid and a metal salt to a liquid mixture containing scyllo-inositol and a neutral saccharide other than scyllo-inositol to form a scyllo-inositol/boric acid complex, separating the complex from the liquid mixture, dissolving the thus separated complex in an acid to give an acidic solution or an acidic suspension and then purifying scyllo-inositol from the acidic solution or the acidic suspension.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of preventing, treating, or diagnosing in a subject a disorder in protein folding or aggregation, or amyloid formation, deposition, accumulation, or persistence consisting of administering to said subject a pharmaceutically effective amount of inositol stereoisomers, enantiomers or derivatives thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to the treatment of disorders associated with elevated myo-inositol levels in brain, in particular behavioural and neuropsychiatry disorders such as dementia, mild Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment or bipolar disorder by administering an effective amount of scyllo-inositol to a subject.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of treating ocular diseases in a subject by administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of one or more cyclohexanehexyl derivatives, or salts thereof, or a medicament comprising a cyclohexanehexol derivative and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. More specifically, the invention provides a medicament comprising at least one cyclohexanehexyl derivative of formula (III) or (IV) useful in preventing or treating ocular diseases, by modulating the folding, oligomerization or aggregation of amyloid ? in ocular cells. Methods of administration of these medicaments include systemic, transpleural, oral, intravenously, intraarterial, intramuscular, topical, via inhalation, transdermal, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, gastrointestinal, and directly to the eye or tissues surrounding the eyes. Formulae (III), (IV).

Abstract: An organometallic molybdenum acetylide dioxo complex of formula (?5-C5H5)MoO2(—Cs?CPh) and provides a simple, short, efficient process for the synthesis of organometallic molybdenum dioxo complex which is used as catalyst for a number of oxidation reactions.

Abstract: Disclosed are processes for preparing 1,2-cyclohexanediol, and mixtures of 1,2-cyclohexanediol and 1,6-hexanediol, by hydrogenating 1,2,6-hexanetriol.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide for polyurethane gels or soft elastomers which incorporate renewable resources without compromising the physical and chemical properties of the gels or soft elastomers, such as resistance to many chemicals.

Abstract: The present invention relates to inositol phosphate derivatives, in which the inositol phosphate is substituted with one or two reactive groups G or one or two conjugated substances or molecules M, said reactive group(s) G or said substance(s) or molecule(s) M being linked to IP1 via a linkage group L, M being chosen from the following group: a tracer, an immunogen, a member of a binding partner pair, a solid support. Application: tools allowing the study of the inositol phosphate cycle and therefore, indirectly, the study of seven transmembrane domain receptors coupled to phospholipase C, receptors having a tyrosine kinase activity, and in general enzymes involved in the variations of the intracellular concentration of IP1.

Abstract: Methods of synthesis of scyllitol diborate and related compounds are provided, including methods that are performed in all-aqueous solutions. Also provided are methods in which the reaction products are recycled to increase the efficiency of the process. The methods include the steps of conversion of a solution of inositol to scyllitol, conversion of scyllitol in the solution to scyllitol diborate, and isolation of the scyllitol diborate from the solution. The scyllitol diborate is reacted to form substantially pure scyllitol diborate, and the remaining solution is efficiently recycled to scyllitol diborate, then to additional substantially pure scyllitol. This scyllitol diborate recycling step can be applied to a variety of processes to improve the yield of scyllitol. The methods are highly efficient and result in large scale reaction products of high purity.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of stabilizing polyols and also mixtures containing polyols and stabilizers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel family of monosaccharide derivatives and disaccharide derivatives and to a method of preparation thereof. A mono- and disaccharide derivatives according to the invention comprises at least one fatty acid ester and may further comprise one or more anionic groups and are useful for, inter alia, medical, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food applications.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions, methods and uses comprising a scyllo-inositol compound that provide beneficial effects in the treatment of a disorder and/or disease including a disorder in protein folding and/or aggregation, and/or amyloid formation, deposition, accumulation, or persistence.

Abstract: There is provided a process for preparing 1,6-hexanediol by esterifying a carboxylic acid mixture resulted from oxidation of cyclohexane with oxygen, and then hydrogenating the esters, which substantially does not contain a compound leading to a high ester value.

Abstract: The current invention relates to a continuous process for preparing heat an alkali stable polyol composition. Alkali is added to the feed of the anion exchange resin and is allowing running the resin battery in full service mode.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods to modulate the assembly, folding, accumulation, rate of aggregation, oligomerization or clearance of proteins or fragments comprising PoIyQ, by using compositions comprising cyclohexanehexol derivatives. More specifically, the invention provides a medicament comprising cyclohexanehexol derivatives of formula III or formula IV, more particularly a scyllo-inositol compound, analog or derivative thereof, useful in the treatment of polyglutamine diseases, such as Huntington's disease and related neurodegenerative disorders including dentatorubral pallidoluysian atrophy, spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy and spinocerebellar ataxia type 1, 2, 3, 6, 7 and 17.

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention relates to compounds, compositions and methods for diagnosis and/or treatment of a subject suffering from an amyloidosis-associated pathological condition. In certain embodiments, the imaging and/or therapeutic agents of the instant invention may be administered to a subject for identification and/or treatment of amyloid deposits. A specific imaging method detects amyloid deposits by administering the imaging agent to the subject and detecting the spatial distribution of the agent. Differential accumulation of the agent is indicative of AD or an amyloidosis-associated pathological condition and can be monitored by using a PET or SPECT camera.

Abstract: The invention relates generally to novel compositions and methods comprising a cyclohexanehexol and a secretase inhibitor. The compositions and methods provide beneficial effects, in particular sustained beneficial effects, in the treatment of diseases involving a disorder in protein folding and/or aggregation, and/or amyloid formation, deposition, accumulation, or persistence, such as Alzheimer's disease and related neurodegenerative disorders.

Abstract: The invention provides alkene fluoroalkanol and fluorinated polyol precursors to fluoroalkanol-substituted ?,?-unsaturated esters. The fluoroalkanol-substituted ?,?-unsaturated esters are olefins that can be readily polymerized to provide fluoroalkanol-substituted polymers useful in lithographic photoresist compositions. Also provided are methods for synthesizing the alkene fluoroalkanol and fluorinated polyol precursors.

Abstract: A method comprising providing a starting composition comprising a polyunsaturated fatty acid, a polyunsaturated fatty ester, a carboxylate salt of a polyunsaturated fatty acid, a polyunsaturated triglyceride, or a mixture thereof; self-metathesizing the starting composition or cross-metathesizing the starting composition with at least one short-chain olefin in the presence of a metathesis catalyst to form self-/cross-metathesis products comprising: cyclohexadiene; at least one olefin; and one or more acid-, ester-, or salt-functionalized alkene; and reacting cyclohexadiene to produce at least one cycloalkane or cycloalkane derivatives.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of treating ocular diseases in a subject by administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of one or more cyclohexanehexol derivatives, or salts thereof, or a medicament comprising a cyclohexanehexol derivative and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. More specifically, the invention provides a medicament comprising at least one cyclohexanehexol derivative of formula (III) or (IV) useful in preventing or treating ocular diseases, by modulating the folding, oligomerization or aggregation of amyloid ? in ocular cells. Methods of administration of these medicaments include systemic, transpleural, oral, intravenously, intraarterial, intramuscular, topical, via inhalation, transdermal, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, gastrointestinal, and directly to the eye or tissues surrounding the eyes.

Abstract: It is intended to provide a novel NAD+-independent myo-inositol 2-dehydrogenase which converts myo-inositol into scyllo-inosose in the absence of NAD+; a novel enzyme scyllo-inositol dehydrogenase which stereospecifically reduces scyllo-inosose into scyllo-inositol in the presence of NADH or NADPH; and a novel microorganism which belongs to the genus Acetobacter or Burkholderia and can convert myo-inositol into scyllo-inositol. By using these enzymes or the microorganism, scyllo-inositol is produced. Furthermore, scyllo-inositol is purified by adding boric acid and a metal salt to a liquid mixture containing scyllo-inositol and a neutral saccharide other than scyllo-inositol to form a scyllo-inositol/boric acid complex, separating the complex from the liquid mixture, dissolving the thus separated complex in an acid to give an acidic solution or an acidic suspension and then purifying scyllo-inositol from the acidic solution or the acidic suspension.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for modulating, disrupting or enhancing the clearance of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) aggregates in astrocytes or motor neurons in a subject, by administering a medicament comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a cyclohexanehexyl derivative. In another aspect, the invention provides a medicament comprising at least one cyclohexanehexyl derivative of formula III or IV useful in preventing or treating amyothropic lateral sclerosis (ALS), improving motor neuron function and slowing the degeneration or death of motor neurons in brain stem, spinal cord or motor cortex. These medicaments may be administered orally, intravenously, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intranasal or transdermal.

Abstract: The invention provides formulations, dosage forms, and treatments comprising cyclohexane polyalcohol compounds that provide beneficial pharmacokinetic profiles in the treatment of a disorder and/or disease including a disorder in protein folding and/or aggregation, and/or amyloid formation, deposition, accumulation, or persistence. In aspects of the invention, a dosage form is provided comprising an amount of a cyclohexane polyalcohol compound suitable for administration to a subject to provide a therapeutically effective concentration of the compound in plasma, brain and/or cerebral spinal fluid and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient. The formulation can be administered in a dose of 500, 1000, 2000, 3500, 5000 or 7000 mg of cyclohexane polyalcohol compound to achieve a mean plasma concentration profile having a mean AUC0-INF in ?·h/mL of, respectively, 43±20%, 130±20%, 215±20%, 467±20%, 507±20% or 885±20%, and having a mean Cmax in ?mL of, respectively, 5.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide a medical drug, a food and drink having a role in regulating the concentration of equal in vivo and being capable of taking for a long time with high safety and provide a selective medium for a microorganism having conversion ability to equal and a method of detecting the same. Provided are an equal concentration-raising or reducing agent containing a carbohydrate as an active ingredient; use of a carbohydrate for producing the equal concentration-raising or reducing agent; a method of raising or reducing the concentration of equal by administrating a carbohydrate in an effective dose; a selective medium containing a carbohydrate for a microorganism having conversion ability to equal; and a method of detecting a microorganism having conversion ability to equal by use of the selective medium.

Abstract: The present invention relates to prevention of congenital deformations. The invention further relates to cancer inhibition and prevention. The invention further relates to methods and compositions to modulate, antagonize, or agonize disparate signaling pathways that may converge to regulate patterning events and gene expression during prenatal development, post-natal development, and during development in the adult organism.

Abstract: Disclosed are catalysts comprising copper chromite, palladium and lanthanum having hydrogenation activity. The combination of copper chromite with palladium and lanthanum enhances catalyst activity more than the presence of either palladium alone or palladium in combination with alkali or alkaline earth metals. The catalysts are useful for the preparation of methanol from carbon monoxide and hydrogen and for the hydrogenation of carbonyl compounds such as, for example, aldehydes, ketones, and esters, to their corresponding alcohols. The catalysts may be used for the preparation of cyclohexanedimethanols from dialkyl cyclohexanedicarboxylates or of ethylene glycol from alkyl glycolates.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of preventing, treating, or diagnosing in a subject a disorder in protein folding or aggregation, or amyloid formation, deposition, accumulation, or persistence consisting of administering to said subject a pharmaceutically effective amount of inositol stereoisomers, enantiomers or derivatives thereof.

Abstract: The invention provides alkene fluoroalkanol and fluorinated polyol precursors to fluoroalkanol-substituted ?,?-unsaturated esters. The fluoroalkanol-substituted ?,?-unsaturated esters are olefins that can be readily polymerized to provide fluoroalkanol-substituted polymers useful in lithographic photoresist compositions. Also provided are methods for synthesizing the alkene fluoroalkanol and fluorinated polyol precursors.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions, methods and uses comprising a scyllo-inositol compound that provide beneficial effects in the treatment of a disorder and/or disease including a disorder in protein folding and/or aggregation, and/or amyloid formation, deposition, accumulation, or persistence.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions, methods and uses comprising a scyllo-inositol compound that provide beneficial effects in the treatment of a disorder and/or disease including a disorder in protein folding and/or aggregation, and/or amyloid formation, deposition, accumulation, or persistence.

Abstract: It is intended to provide a noninvasive method of conveniently detecting mild impaired glucose tolerance and/or insulin hyposecretion at the early stage with the use of an enzyme. Namely, mild impaired glucose tolerance and/or hyposecretion at the early stage are detected by quantifying myoinositol secreted into the urine before loading glucose and after loading glucose for a definite period of time with the use of a reagent and comparing the increase (or the increase ratio) in the myoinositol content thus measured with a characteristic level which has been preliminarily determined in normal subjects.

Abstract: The invention provides alkene fluoroalkanol and fluorinated polyol precursors to fluoroalkanol-substituted ?,?-unsaturated esters. The fluoroalkanol-substituted ?,?-unsaturated esters are olefins that can be readily polymerized to provide fluoroalkanol-substituted polymers useful in lithographic photoresist compositions. Also provided are methods for synthesizing the alkene fluoroalkanol and fluorinated polyol precursors.

Abstract: The invention provides alkene fluoroalkanol and fluorinated polyol precursors to fluoroalkanol-substituted ?,?-unsaturated esters. The fluoroalkanol-substituted ?,?-unsaturated esters are olefins that can be readily polymerized to provide fluoroalkanol-substituted polymers useful in lithographic photoresist compositions. Also provided are methods for synthesizing the alkene fluoroalkanol and fluorinated polyol precursors.

Abstract: A method and composition for treating a host infected with hepatitis C comprising administering an effective hepatitis C treatment amount of a described 1?, 2? or 3?-modified nucleoside or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, is provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for preparing alkali and heat stable polyols, whereby sugar alcohols are treated with reagents to obtain stabilized sugar alcohol syrups and the stabilized alcohol syrup is subjected to a purification step by passing the stabilized sugar alcohol syrup over at least one ion-exchanger resin, and the stabilized sugar alcohol syrup being purified by a double passage over a cationic anionic ion-exchanger configuration (CACA), comprising at least a first weak acidic cationic ion-exchanger resin and a second strong, medium or weak basic anionic ion-exchanger resin.

Abstract: Water tolerant Lewis acids are used in a process for the preparation of alkylene glycols by catalytic hydration of the corresponding alkylene oxide. The water tolerant Lewis acids can be a metal salt of a non-coordinating or weakly coordinating anion and a Group IIIB, rare earth or lanthanide, actinide or Group IVB cation. Optionally, carbon oxide may also be present. Examples of such water tolerant Lewis acids are scandium triflate, europium triflate, hafnium triflate, yttrium triflate, lanthanum triflate and ytterbium triflate. The catalyst may contain a coordinating anion instead, examples of which are scandium sulfate [Sc2(SO4)3], scandium chloride [ScCl3], scandium acetate [Sc(OAc)3] and scandium nitrate [Sc(NO3)3].

Abstract: A method of preparing a modified corn steep liquor product from a corn steep liquor which includes suspended solids, high molecular weight compounds, phytic acid, and metal values includes the steps of: subjecting the corn steep liquor to ultrafiltration to remove the suspended solids and high molecular weight compounds; treating the product of step (a) with a phytase enzyme to convert the phytic acid to inositol-mono-phosphate; treating the product of step (b) with an acid phosphatase enzyme to convert the inositol-mono-phosphate to myo-inositol; adjusting the pH of the product of step (c) to from 7 to 9 inclusive using a soluble base which causes most or all of the Mg values to precipitate, and removing the precipitate; and contacting the product of step (d) with a strong acid cation chromatographic resin to produce a first fraction containing most of the remaining metal values and a second fraction containing most of the myo-inositol, the second fraction being the modified corn steep liquor product.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for the production and isolation of D-chiro-inositol (DCI) from plant extracts. Specifically the present invention provides a method to produce D-chiro-inositol from a precursor moiety by conversion in concentrated hydrochloric acid. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for the efficient production of DCI by a process involving the extraction of D-pinitol from soy hulls followed by conversion thereof to DCI.

Abstract: Methods and materials are provided for stably introducing any gene into a specific locus in the genome of a microorganism such as yeast without the addition of any drug resistance genes. Specifically provided herein are new genetically engineered inositol-overproducing Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains obtained by using a novel set of yeast integration plasmids that allow the safe, stable, and controlled introduction of homologous as well as heterologous genes into the host genome. In particular, specific loci of the S. cerevisiae yeast genome can be targeted with single or multiple copies of a specific gene that is desired to be expressed or a given set of specific genes that the host can use without the addition of any drug resistance genes. The principles of this new methodology can also be used for the construction of other recombinant yeast and bacterial strains as well as higher eukaryotic cells.

Abstract: A reactant selected from the group consisting of alkanes, alkenes, and aromatics is reacted with a metal halide to form the halide of the reactant and reduced metal. The reduced metal is oxidized to form metal oxide. The metal oxide is reacted with the halide of the reactant to produce the alcohol and/or the ether corresponding to the reactant and the original metal halide which is recycled.

Abstract: This invention relates to process for asymmetric dihydroxylation of olefins using osmium catalysts to obtain monofunctional, bifunctional, and/or polyfunctional chiral 1,2-diols of the formula (I) R1R2C(OH)—C(OH)R3R4  (I) where R1 to R4 are defined herein, by reacting an olefin of the formula (II) R1R2C═CR3R4  (II) where R1 to R4 are defined as for formula (I), with molecular oxygen in the presence of an osmium compound and a chiral amine ligand in water or a water-containing solvent mixture at a pH of from 8.5 to 13.

Abstract: The present invention has for its object to provide a novel catalyst by use of which methylbenzenes can be oxidized in gaseous phase in the presence of molecular oxygen to give the corresponding aromatic aldehydes in high yields, a process for producing an aromatic aldehyde from the corresponding methylbenzene in a high yield by use of said catalyst, and a process for producing cyclohexanedimethanol which comprises hydrogenating phthalaldehyde among the aromatic aldehydes which can be obtained as above.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for the production and isolation of D-chiro-inositol (DCI) from kasugamycin. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method of producing DCI by hydrolysis of kasugamycin with aqueous trifluoroacetic acid in the presence of a strongly acidic ion exchange resin. The present invention further relates to methods of isolating DCI from an aqueous mixture, such as a hydrolysis mixture, either directly or by forming an organic derivative of DCI.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for the production and isolation of D-chiro-inositol (DCI) from kasugamycin. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method of producing DCI by hydrolysis of kasugamycin with aqueous trifluoroacetic acid in the presence of a strongly acidic ion exchange resin. The present invention further relates to methods of isolating DCI from an aqueous mixture, such as a hydrolysis mixture, either directly or by forming an organic derivative of DCI.

Abstract: A new process prepares retiferol derivatives of formula I: wherein A is —C ≡C— or —CH═CH—, and R1 and R2 are independently of each other lower alkyl or lower perfluoroalkyl, one version couples ketones of formula 1I with compounds of formula III A second version couples phosphinoxides of formula IV with aldehydes of formula V. Compounds of formula I are useful in the treatment or prevention of hyperproliferative skin diseases and for reversing the conditions associated with photodamage.

Abstract: A method for operating an epoxide containing system which contains a catalyst is disclosed. The method comprises feeding carbon dioxide to the epoxide containing system at an amount of from 0.01 to 5.0 weight percent; and maintaining the epoxide containing system at a temperature of from 100° C. to 150° C. The catalyst has a half life of at least 40 days at 120° C. The present invention allows anion exchange resins in the bicarbonate form to be used for the hydrolysis of ethylene oxide at temperatures exceeding 100° C. The rate of catalyst swelling is minimized and lifetime of the catalyst enhanced.