Abstract: Described are methods for converting methane to olefins, aromatics, or a combination thereof using a single atom catalyst comprising CeO2 nanoparticles impregnated with individual atoms of noble metals including Pt, Pd, Rh, Ru, Ag, Au, Ir, or a combination thereof. These single atom catalysts of the present invention are heated with methane to form olefins and aromatics.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for producing an olefin through decarbonylation of a carboxylic acid having a ?-hydrogen atom or a derivative thereof in the presence of a catalyst containing at least one metal element selected from Groups 9, 10, and 11 metals under conditions with a concentration of carbon monoxide of not less than 41 mmol/L.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process and catalyst for the conversion of phenol and its derivatives to cyclohexane and cyclohexanol. The process provides a direct single step for selective hydrogenation of phenol and its derivatives over Pt—Ce oxide catalyst. The process provides a phenol conversion of 50 to 100% and selectivity of hydrogenated product up to 98%.

Abstract: A purified cyclohexanol of the present invention has a methylcyclopentanol concentration of 10 to 1000 ppm by weight and a cyclohexylcyclohexene isomer concentration of 15 to 500 ppm by weight. A method for producing cyclohexanol of the present invention comprises: Step 1 of producing a solution (I) containing cyclohexanol, methylcyclopentanol, and water by a hydration reaction of cyclohexene; Step 2 of separating the solution (I) into a water phase and an oil phase; Step 3 of obtaining a partially purified cyclohexanol containing methylcyclopentanol from the oil phase; and Step 4 of separating and removing methylcyclopentanol in the partially purified cyclohexanol so as to obtain a purified cyclohexanol having a methylcyclopentanol concentration of 10 to 1000 ppm by weight and a cyclohexylcyclohexene isomer concentration of 15 to 500 ppm by weight.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing an alicyclic alcohol represented by general formula (III) which is useful as a starting material for a flavor mixture or the like at low cost in high yield. The alicyclic alcohol represented by general formula (III) is produced by preparing a cyclohexanecarbonyl compound represented by general formula (II) through the carbonylation of an unsaturated hydrocarbon represented by general formula (I) (preferably a compound obtained through the partial reduction of a diene compound) using carbon monoxide in the presence of HF, and thereafter reducing the cyclohexanecarbonyl compound. In formulae (I), (II), and (III), R1 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R2 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R3 represents an OH group, fluorine, or an OR4 group, and R4 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for hydrogenating an aromatic compound. The invention in particular relates to a method for preparing cyclohexanone, cyclohexanol or a mixture thereof in a continuous way by catalytically hydrogenating phenol fed into a reactor comprising a supported hydrogenation catalyst, comprising a dopant selected from the group of alkali metal hydroxides, alkaline earth metal hydroxides, alkaline earth metal oxides, carbonates of alkali metals and carbonates of alkaline earth metals, and in which process during the hydrogenation of phenol continuously or intermittently water is fed into the reactor, the weight to weight ratio of water fed into the reactor to phenol fed into the reactor on average being 0.1 or less.

Abstract: A new class of ligands derived from benzo[h]quinoline are described and these ligands are used to prepare several novel transition metal complexes. The complexes are preferably of the group VIII transition metals iron, ruthenium or osmium, with the benzo[h]quinoline ligands acting as tridentate ligands. The complexes described are proved to be very active catalysts for the reduction of ketones and aldehydes to alcohols, via hydrogen transfer and hydrogenation reactions. These compounds hence can be usefully employed as catalysts in said reduction reactions.

Abstract: This specification discloses an operational continuous process to convert lignin as found in ligno-cellulosic biomass before or after converting at least some of the carbohydrates. The continuous process has been demonstrated to create a slurry comprised of lignin, raise the slurry comprised of lignin to ultra-high pressure, deoxygenate the lignin in a lignin conversion reactor over a catalyst which is not a fixed bed without producing char. The conversion products of the carbohydrates or lignin can be further processed into polyester intermediates for use in polyester preforms and bottles.

Abstract: This specification discloses an operational continuous process to convert lignin as found in ligno-cellulosic biomass before or after converting at least some of the carbohydrates. The continuous process has been demonstrated to create a slurry comprised of lignin, raise the slurry comprised of lignin to ultra-high pressure, deoxygenate the lignin in a lignin conversion reactor over a catalyst which is not a fixed bed without producing char. The conversion products of the carbohydrates or lignin can be further processed into polyester intermediates for use in polyester preforms and bottles.

Abstract: This specification discloses an operational continuous process to convert lignin as found in ligno-cellulosic biomass before or after converting at least some of the carbohydrates. The continuous process has been demonstrated to create a slurry comprised of lignin, raise the slurry comprised of lignin to ultra-high pressure, deoxygenate the lignin in a lignin conversion reactor over a catalyst which is not a fixed bed without producing char. The conversion products of the carbohydrates or lignin can be further processed into polyester intermediates for use in polyester preforms and bottles.

Abstract: This specification discloses an operational continuous process to convert lignin as found in ligno-cellulosic biomass before or after converting at least some of the carbohydrates. The continuous process has been demonstrated to create a slurry comprised of lignin, raise the slurry comprised of lignin to ultra-high pressure, deoxygenate the lignin in a lignin conversion reactor over a catalyst which is not a fixed bed without producing char. The conversion products of the carbohydrates or lignin can be further processed into polyester intermediates for use in polyester preforms and bottles.

Abstract: A method for processing biomass to produce biofuel includes decomposing lignocellulosic material into byproduct polymers that include lignin, decomposing the lignin into targeted chemical fragments, and chemically converting the targeted chemical fragments into a biofuel.

Abstract: A liquid composition in an osmotic drug delivery system and a dosage form in an osmotic drug delivery system is disclosed comprising an amphiphilic molecule, a non-aqueous liquid solvent, and a pharmaceutically active agent.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for hydrogenating an aromatic compound. The invention in particular relates to a method for preparing cyclohexanone, cyclohexanol or a mixture thereof in a continuous way by catalytically hydrogenating phenol fed into a reactor comprising a supported hydrogenation catalyst, comprising a dopant selected from the group of alkali metal hydroxides, alkaline earth metal hydroxides, alkaline earth metal oxides, carbonates of alkali metals and carbonates of alkaline earth metals, and in which process during the hydrogenation of phenol continuously or intermittently water is fed into the reactor, the weight to weight ratio of water fed into the reactor to phenol fed into the reactor on average being 0.1 or less.

Abstract: A process for preparing a deperoxidation catalyst comprising chromium as the main catalytic element is described. Also described, is a process for preparing an organic solution of a chromic acid ester. The solution can be used as a catalyst in a deperoxidation of an alkyl peroxide in a process for manufacturing cyclohexanol/cyclohexanone by oxidation of cyclohexane.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an eggshell catalyst comprising an active metal selected from the group consisting of ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, platinum and mixtures thereof, applied to a support material comprising silicon dioxide, wherein the pore volume of the support material is 0.6 to 1.0 ml/g, determined by Hg porosimetry, the BET surface area is 280 to 500 m2/g, and at least 90% of the pores present have a diameter of 6 to 12 nm, to a process for preparing this eggshell catalyst, to a process for hydrogenating an organic compound which comprises at least one hydrogenatable group using the eggshell catalyst, and to the use of the eggshell catalyst for hydrogenating an organic compound.

Abstract: A process and an apparatus for separating and recovering waste alkali from a cyclohexane oxidation solution are provided. A gradient combination of the gravity separation technique, the vortex separation technique and the coalescence separation technique is used to carry out fine separation of the waste alkali liquor from the cyclohexane oxidation solution. The purified cyclohexane oxidation solution is fed into a down-stream apparatus. Most of the waste alkali liquor thus separated is recycled, while the remaining is expelled. The expelled waste alkali liquor is incinerated in an incinerator, followed by recovering the molten species using a pneumatic pulverization process.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for continuously carrying out heterogeneously catalyzed chemical reactions, comprising a microwave-transparent tube, the longitudinal axis of which extends in the direction of propagation of the microwaves of a single-mode microwave applicator and which is filled with an open-cell foam that carries or is made of catalytically active species.

Abstract: The invention relates to a shell catalyst containing ruthenium as an active metal, alone or together with at least one other metal of the auxiliary group IB, VIIB or VIII of the periodical system of the elements (CAS version), and applied to a carrier containing silicon dioxide as a carrier material. The invention also relates to a method for producing said shell catalyst, and to a method for hydrogenating an organic compound containing hydrogenable groups, preferably for hydrogenating a carbocyclic aromatic group to form the corresponding carbocyclic aliphatic groups or for hydrogenating aldehydes to form the corresponding alcohols, using the inventive shell catalyst. The invention further relates to the use of the inventive shell catalyst for hydrogenating an organic compound containing hydrogenable groups, preferably for hydrogenating a carbocyclic aromatic group to form the corresponding carbocyclic aliphatic groups or for hydrogenating aldehydes to form the corresponding alcohols.

Abstract: A cost effective process is presented for carrying out catalytic, in particular also exothermic, endothermic or autothermal reactions with optimum yield and selectivity. The system used is a wall-flow monolith which forces a flow from the inlet channel through the porous wall into the outlet channel by reciprocal closure of the gas channels. This is operated such that mass transfer and heat transport are determined virtually exclusively by convection, and diffusion-related thermal conduction phenomena can be neglected.

Abstract: The invention provides alkene fluoroalkanol and fluorinated polyol precursors to fluoroalkanol-substituted ?,?-unsaturated esters. The fluoroalkanol-substituted ?,?-unsaturated esters are olefins that can be readily polymerized to provide fluoroalkanol-substituted polymers useful in lithographic photoresist compositions. Also provided are methods for synthesizing the alkene fluoroalkanol and fluorinated polyol precursors.

Abstract: The invention relates to a shell catalyst containing ruthenium as an active metal, alone or together with at least one other metal of the auxiliary group IB, VIIB or VIII of the periodical system of the elements (CAS version), and applied to a carrier containing silicon dioxide as a carrier material. The invention also relates to a method for producing said shell catalyst, and to a method for hydrogenating an organic compound containing hydrogenable groups, preferably for hydrogenating a carbocyclic aromatic group to form the corresponding carbocyclic aliphatic groups or for hydrogenating aldehydes to form the corresponding alcohols, using the inventive shell catalyst. The invention further relates to the use of the inventive shell catalyst for hydrogenating an organic compound containing hydrogenable groups, preferably for hydrogenating a carbocyclic aromatic group to form the corresponding carbocyclic aliphatic groups or for hydrogenating aldehydes to form the corresponding alcohols.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to produce cycloalkanol and/or cycloalkanone with good selectivity by oxidizing cycloalkane with molecular oxygen. The method of the present invention contains the step of oxidizing cycloalkane with molecular oxygen in the presence of cobalt salt of carboxylic acid and cobalt complex with porphyrin as a ligand, the cobalt complex with porphyrin as a ligand being a compound represented by the formula (1): wherein each of X1 to X8 independently represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, a hydrocarbon group, a halogenated hydrocarbon group or a sulfonyl group, and each of R1 to R4 independently represents a hydrogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, a hydrocarbon group or a halogenated hydrocarbon group.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a process capable of producing cycloalkanol and/or cycloalkanone with a favorable selectivity by oxidizing cycloalkane with a favorable conversion. Cycloalkanol and/or cycloalkanone are produced by oxidizing cycloalkane with oxygen in the presence of a catalyst comprising calcium oxide and a transition metal supported on the calcium oxide. The transition metal is preferably at least one metal selected from cobalt, gold, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, ruthenium and palladium, and more preferably cobalt or gold.

Abstract: Catalysts which are prepared by reducing catalyst precursors which comprise a) cobalt and b) one or more elements of the alkali metal group, of the alkaline earth metal group, of the group consisting of the rare earths or zinc or mixtures thereof, the elements a) and b) being present at least partly in the form of their mixed oxides, and a process for the preparation of these catalysts and the use thereof for the hydrogenation of unsaturated organic compounds. Furthermore, a process for regenerating these catalysts by treatment of the catalyst with a liquid is described.

Abstract: The invention provides alkene fluoroalkanol and fluorinated polyol precursors to fluoroalkanol-substituted ?,?-unsaturated esters. The fluoroalkanol-substituted ?,?-unsaturated esters are olefins that can be readily polymerized to provide fluoroalkanol-substituted polymers useful in lithographic photoresist compositions. Also provided are methods for synthesizing the alkene fluoroalkanol and fluorinated polyol precursors.

Abstract: A process for the separation of an alcohol from a non-polar solvent; a ketone from a non-polar solvent; an alcohol from a mixture of a ketone and a non-polar solvent; or a mixture of an alcohol and a ketone from a non-polar solvent; said process comprising contacting at least one ionic liquid with a mixture comprising a non-polar solvent and at least one of an alcohol and a ketone.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing polyisobutyl-substituted cyclo-hexanols by hydrogenating polyisobutyl-substituted hydroxybenzenes. The invention further relates to the polyisobutyl-substituted cyclohexanols obtainable by this process and functionalization products thereof, and to their use for the surface modification of inorganic or organic material.

Abstract: Described are substituted spiro[bornyl-2,4?-(1,3-dioxanes)], a method for their production and fragrance compositions comprising them.

Abstract: A process for the separation of an alcohol from a non-polar solvent; a ketone from a non-polar solvent; an alcohol from a mixture of a ketone and a non-polar solvent; or a mixture of an alcohol and a ketone from a non-polar solvent; said process comprising contacting at least one ionic liquid with a mixture comprising a non-polar solvent and at least one of an alcohol and a ketone.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel method of hydrogenating a phenol for hydrogenating a phenol industrially advantageously. The present invention relates, in the case of phenol hydrogenation in which carbon dioxide is made to participate in the reaction, to a method of hydrogenating a phenol characterized by using a supported rhodium and/or ruthenium catalyst, whereby the phenol is hydrogenated efficiently at a lower reaction temperature than with prior art; such a method characterized in that carbon dioxide having a temperature of 20 to 250° C. and a pressure of 0.1 to 50 MPa is used as the carbon dioxide; and such a method characterized in that hydrogen under conditions of a temperature of 20 to 250° C. and a pressure of 0.1 to 50 MPa is used. An environmentally friendly phenol hydrogenation process that uses no harmful organic solvents can be realized.

Abstract: A process for preparing cyclohexanol from benzene by: a) preparing cyclohexene by hydrogenating benzene in the presence of a catalyst, and b) preparing cyclohexanol by hydrating the cyclohexene in the presence of a catalyst, comprises: carrying out steps a) and b) in a reaction facility which has a bottom region at the lower end, a top region at the upper end, and a reaction zone between the top region and the bottom region which contains the catalyst according to steps a) and b), evaporating a portion of the benzene using the heat of reaction in the reaction zone, condensing it in the top region and returning it to the reaction zone, and withdrawing a reaction mixture containing cyclohexanol in the bottom region.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for reducing or substantially eliminating chromium in non-volatile residue obtained from a certain processes, and particularly from cyclohexane oxidation processes.

Abstract: An improved catalytic process for decomposing alkyl or aromatic hydroperoxides is disclosed which utilizes a caalytic amount of a heterogeneous Au catalyst that has been treated with an organosilicon reagent.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for the production of a mixture of cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol by oxidation of cyclohexane and decomposition of cyclohexyl hydroperoxide.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a mixture of alcohols/ketones by decomposing an alkyl hydroperoxide, particularly to a method for producing a cyclohexanol/cyclohexanone by decomposing cyclohexyl hydroperoxide in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst. According to the invention, the reaction is carried out in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst containing an organometallic segment fixed on the surface of a porous solid compound such as silicon. The organometallic segment can be formula (I).

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for cyclohexyl hydroperoxide (CHHP) decomposition using in aqueous alkaline solution in presence of cobalt catalyst.

Abstract: In a process for esterifying (meth)acrylic acid with an alkanol in the presence of an esterification catalyst, in which unconverted starting compounds and (meth)acrylic ester to be formed are separated off by distillation and an oxyester-containing bottom product is formed, the bottom product is first separated off and then the oxyesters contained in it are cleaved in the presence of a relatively long-chain alkylbenzenesulfonic acid at elevated temperatures.

Abstract: In reduction of an epoxy group-containing organic compound, for example, a C5-C20 saturated or unsaturated epoxy cycloaliphatic compound, in the presence of a nickel catalyst, by bringing the compound into contact with hydrogen, the target compound can be produced at a high yield by adding a basic substance (for example, an alkali metal hydroxide, an alkali metal carbonate, an alkali metal alkoxide, and an amine compound having 1 to 3 C1-C12 alkyl groups), to the reduction reaction system, to thereby restrict production of by-products due to a side deoxidation reaction.

Abstract: A method for producing cyclohexanol by subjecting cyclohexene to a hydration reaction in the presence of water using a solid acid as a catalyst in which as a reaction solvent, there is used an organic solvent having a solubility in water at 25° C. of not higher than 5% by weight, a boiling point which is at least 20° C. higher than that of the cyclohexanol produced, a conversion rate of not more than 3% under the hydration reaction conditions, and a solvent effect index of not less than 1.5 which indicates the effect of making the distribution of cyclohexene into the aqueous phase predominate.

Abstract: A method for producing cyclohexanol by subjecting cyclohexene to a hydration reaction in the presence of water using a solid acid as a catalyst in which as a reaction solvent, there is used an organic solvent having a solubility in water at 25° C. of not higher than 5% by weight, a boiling point which is at least 20° C. higher than that of the cyclohexanol produced, a conversion rate of not more than 3% under the hydration reaction conditions, and a solvent effect index of not less than 1.5 which indicates the effect of making the distribution of cyclohexene into the aqueous phase predominate.

Abstract: Alcohols are produced in a practical and advantageous method, by the hydrogenation of a carbonyl compound under mild conditions, by reacting the carbonyl compounds with hydrogen in the presence of a bipyridyl derivative, a group VIII transition metal complex, and a base, or by reducing a carbonyl compound in the presence of a bipyridyl derivative, a group VIII transition metal complex, a base, and an alcoholic solvent.

Abstract: Ketones and aldehydes are hydrogenated to the corresponding alcohol or alkyl group, using H2 gas as the stoichiometric reductant, and organometallic ruthenium complexes as the catalysts.

Abstract: A subject of the present invention is a process for the reduction of a carbonyl compound. More precisely, the invention relates to a process for reduction of an aldehyde and/or of a ketone. The reduction process of the invention, which consists of reacting a carbonyl compound with an alcohol in the presence of a zeolite catalyst, is characterized by the fact that it comprises: mixing, in any manner whatever, the carbonyl compound and the alcohol, passing said mixture over a catalyst bed containing at least one zeolite, subjecting the reaction mixture leaving the catalyst bed to recirculation over the catalyst bed, for a number of times that is sufficient to obtain the desired degree of conversion of the substrate.

Abstract: 2-Cyclododecyl-propanol [sic], which is in demand as musk scent, is prepared in an advantageous industrial process by reacting cyclododecene with an excess of propionic acid or of a propionic acid derivative in the presence of catalytic amounts of a free-radical initiator, and subsequently catalytically hydrogenating the 2-cyclododecylpropionic acid which is formed or the corresponding 2-cyclododecylpropionic acid derivatives.

Abstract: There is described a process of transferring &agr;,&bgr;-unsaturated alkyl groups to an electrophile (aldehyde, ketone, nitrile, imine, alkyne) by means of a masked zinc alkyl in an aprotic solvent.

Abstract: Organic by-products having higher boiling points than cyclohexanone (usually obtained from the bottoms of a distillation operation to separate cyclohexanone from other reaction products during cyclohexanone production) can be converted to recoverable cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol using a catalyst having high aluminum oxide concentrations. The preferred catalyst is one which has an aluminum oxide (Al2O3) content of at least about 95 wt. %, and more preferably greater than about 99 wt. %.

Abstract: A process for the reaction of an organic compound in the presence of a catalyst comprising, as active metal, ruthenium alone or together with at least one Group Ib, VIIb, or VIIIb metal in an amount of from 0.01 to 30 wt %, based on the total weight of the catalyst, applied to a support, wherein from 10 to 50% of the pore volume of the support comprises macropores having a pore diameter in the range of from 50 nm to 10,000 nm and from 50 to 90% of the pore volume of the support comprises mesopores having a pore diameter in the range of from 2 to 50 nm, the sum of said pore volumes being 100%, and said catalyst as such.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a 3-hydroxymethylcycloalkanol of the following formula (1), and a process for production of a 3-hydroxymethylcycloalkanol of the formula (1) by reduction of 3-formylcycloalkanone or 3-formylcycloalkenone. In accordance with the present invention, 3-hydroxymethylcycloalkanol, which is useful as the starting material for the production of polymers, can be produced with high conversion and high selectivity.

Abstract: An improved process for decomposing alkyl or aromatic hydroperoxides to form a decomposition reaction mixture containing the corresponding alcohol and ketone. The improvement relates to decomposing the hydroperoxide by contacting the hydroperoxide with a catalytic amount of a heterogeneous catalyst of Nb or Hf hydroxide or oxide. The improvement also relates to decomposing a secondary hydroperoxide by contacting the secondary hydroperoxide with a catalytic amount of a heterogeneous catalyst of Zr or Ti hydroxide or oxide. The catalysts may optionally be supported on SiO2, Al2O3, carbon or TiO2.