Abstract: The present invention relates to water-based coatings compositions containing low volatiles and high resistance to the dirt grip. Such compositions contain conventional low VOC coalescing latexes which favor the evolution of hardness of films of inks and films of polymers by providing coatings with high resistance to the catch of dirt that can be used in various applications. Such coalescents are predominantly diesters with a boiling point greater than 260° C., preferably boiling point greater than 280° C., and molecular weight between 230 and 342 atomic mass units prepared from diacid and alcohol or monoacid reactions and diols.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing 1-octanol comprising a contact step between ethanol, n-hexanol and two catalysts A and B, wherein catalyst A comprises a metal oxide comprising Ga and a noble metal and catalyst B comprises a metal oxide comprising Cu, Ni or any mixture thereof.

Abstract: Hydrogenation of methyl acetate to methanol and ethanol by feeding a hydrogenation feed of methyl acetate, water, hydrogen and a carbon oxide into a hydrogenation unit containing a copper-zinc oxide hydrogenation catalyst to produce a hydrogenation product stream of ethanol, methanol, unreacted methyl acetate, water, unreacted hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and ethyl acetate. The hydrogenation unit is operated in the vapor phase at elevated temperature and pressure. The total molar ratio of hydrogen to methyl acetate fed to the hydrogenation unit is 5:1 to 20:1. The total molar ratio of methyl acetate to carbon oxide(s) fed to the hydrogenation unit is 1:2 to 100:1. The hydrogenation product stream is separated into a liquid stream containing ethanol, methanol, unreacted methyl acetate, water and ethyl acetate, and a gaseous stream containing unreacted hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, and a portion of the gaseous stream is recycled to the hydrogenation unit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a stepwise hydrogenation of specific isoprenoids of formula using a specific catalyst.

Abstract: The invention relates to nonyl alcohols with a low degree of branching and derivatives produced using them. In particular the present invention relates to mixture of primary nonyl alcohols in which at least 80% of the alkyl chains are linear and at least 15% of the alkyl chains are branched at the 2-carbon position and its derivatives. The low degree of branching produces derivatives that are more elongated and less bulky that similar derivatives produced with more highly branched alcohols.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing allyl alcohol, wherein glycerol and formic acid are reacted under specific synthesis conditions, thus remarkably increasing the concentration of allyl alcohol in the liquid reaction products and minimizing the production of allyl formate byproduct and the production of unreacted formic acid.

Abstract: A method for increasing the yield of alcohols by a Guerbet reaction in a gas phase and reducing production cost is provided. A method for producing alcohols by a Guerbet reaction, wherein the reaction is performed in a gas phase and at a total pressure of less than 1 atm and preferably from 0.01 to 0.5 atm, using one or more raw material alcohols.

Abstract: A method for the production of aliphatic alcohols and/or their ethers, comprising the step of reacting a substrate of the general formula (I): in which m is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9 and n is 1 or 2; R1 is hydrogen, a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl rest, a primary alkanol rest, an aryl rest or one of the following radicals: and R2 is hydrogen or —CH2OH; with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst system, wherein the hydrogenation catalyst system comprises: a hydrogenation catalyst comprising Re, Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd and/or Pt; and an acidic additive selected from the group of organoperfluorocarboxylic acids, hydrochloric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, sulfonic acid and/or organic compounds comprising sulfonic acid groups, phosphoric acid groups and/or phosphonic acid groups; with the proviso that the acidic additive is a liquid and/or at least partially dissolved in the substrate (I) during the reaction of (I) with hydrogen in the case that R2 is

Abstract: A process is proposed for preparing hydroxyaromatics by heterogeneous catalytic reaction of hydroxyaromatics with C1-C4-alkanols in a microreactor (10), comprising the steps of: a) introducing the hydroxyaromatic and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of C1-C4-alkanols as reactants into at least one inlet orifice (22) of the microreactor (10) comprising at least one microreactor unit (18), b) passing the reactants through at least one microreactor unit (18) of the microreactor (10), said unit comprising a multitude of microchannels (28), said microchannels (28) having a lateral extent of less than 1 mm, and a heterogeneous catalyst being incorporated in the microchannels (28) for conversion of the reactants, c) passing the hydroxyaromatics prepared out through at least one outlet orifice (24) of the microreactor (10).

Abstract: The present invention relates to an optically active axially chiral ?-allenic alcohol, a synthetic method and use thereof. A method of preparing a high optically active chiral ?-allenic alcohol by using propargyl alcohol, aldehyde and chiral ?,?-diphenyl-L-prolinol under the protection of tert-butyldimethylsilyl with a mediator zinc bromide. The axially chiral ?-allenic alcohol has the structural formula (I). The method of the present invention has the following advantages: the synthesis route is short, operations are simple, raw materials are readily available, separation and purification are convenient, the substrate has high generality, the total yield is high, and enantioselectivity and diastereoselectivity are high.

Abstract: Methods of producing fibrous solid carbon forests include reacting carbon oxides with gaseous reducing agents in the presence of a catalyst having a predetermined grain size to cause growth of fibrous solid carbon forests upon a surface of the metal. The fibrous solid carbon forests are substantially perpendicular to the surface of the metal thus creating the “forests”. A bi-modal forest composition of matter is described in which a primary distribution of fibrous solid carbon comprises the forest and a secondary distribution of fibrous solid carbon is entangled with the primary distribution. A reactor includes a catalyst, a means for facilitating the reduction of a carbon oxide to form solid carbon forests on a surface of the catalyst, and a means for removing the solid carbon forest from the surface of the metal catalyst.

Abstract: Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials and/or starchy or sugary materials, to produce ethanol and/or butanol, e.g., by fermentation.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a new metal powder catalytic system (catalyst) comprising a Fe-alloy as a carrier, its production and its use in hydrogenation processes.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for preparing higher alcohols and/or aldehydes and also mixtures thereof by catalytic reaction of ethanol, the reaction taking place in the presence of at least one catalyst, the catalyst comprising an activated-carbon substrate which is provided with at least one metal, and more particularly has at least one metal dope.

Abstract: Preparation of C4-oxygenates, in particular 2-butanol and butanone, which comprises the reaction of ethene with ethanol to form 2-butanol under conditions under which ethanol is present in the supercritical state.

Abstract: The present invention provides processes, methods, and systems for converting biomass-derived feedstocks to liquid fuels and chemicals. The method generally includes the reaction of a hydrolysate from a biomass deconstruction process with hydrogen and a catalyst to produce a reaction product comprising one of more oxygenated compounds. The process also includes reacting the reaction product with a condensation catalyst to produce C4+ compounds useful as fuels and chemicals.

Abstract: Processes and systems for forming ethanol from methanol. The process involves carbonylating the methanol to form acetic acid and hydrogenating the acetic acid to form ethanol. In a first aspect, at least some hydrogen for the hydrogenating step is derived from a tail gas stream formed in the carbonylation step. In a second aspect, at least some carbon monoxide for the carbonylation step is derived from a vapor stream in the hydrogenation system. In a third aspect, a syngas stream is separated to form a hydrogen stream and a carbon monoxide stream, and the hydrogen stream is methanated to remove residual carbon monoxide prior to being introduced into the hydrogenation system.

Abstract: A method of reclaiming alcohols from purification residue includes hydrolyzing a purification residue with an aqueous medium in the presence of (i) an acid and (ii) an oxidizing agent.

Abstract: Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials and/or starchy or sugary materials, to produce ethanol and/or butanol, e.g., by fermentation.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method of converting glycerol into organic reaction products. The method may include mixing glycerol with a monohydric alcohol. The mixture of glycerol and monohydric alcohol is then reacted in the presence of a heterogeneous nano-structured catalyst, wherein the monohydric alcohol is present at subcritical/supercritical temperatures and pressures. This converts the glycerol into one or more reaction products, wherein the reaction products include an oxygenated organic reaction product. Ninety percent or greater of the glycerol is converted.

Abstract: Methods of converting cellulose or related biorenewable carbohydrate materials into high-value chemical compounds. The methods provide a means of converting low-cost materials such as cellulose and biomass into high yields of compounds such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerin, methanol, hydroxyacetone, glycolaldehyde and dihydroxyacetone.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a novel method for manufacturing various organic compounds from two or more kinds of alcohol, or one kind of alcohol having three or more carbon atoms. It is a method for synthesizing one kind of, or two or more kinds of organic compounds comprising allowing two or more kinds of alcohol or one kind of alcohol having three or more carbon atoms to contact a calcium phosphate catalyst such as hydroxyapatite, or hydrotalcite.

Abstract: Method for working up a mixture comprising at least one alcohol of the general formula (I) R1—CH2—CH2—OH??(I) or at least one branched alcohol of the general formula (II) R1—CH2—CHR1—CH2—OH??(II), furthermore at least one oil-soluble complex compound of at least one metal of the 8th, 9th or 10th group of the Periodic Table of the Elements, which is selected from complex compounds which have at least one ligand L1 which is at least bidentate, where at least one coordination site of L1 is a nitrogen atom, and at least one acid of the general formula (III) R1—CH2—COOH??(III) in the form of one of its salts, where the groups R1 are selected from C2-C10-alkyl, linear or branched, wherein (a) the mixture is treated with water which can comprise an alkali metal hydroxide, (b) the salt or salts of acid of the general formula (III) are extracted.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the production of ethanol from methanol whereby methanol is condensed in the gas phase over a heterogeneous catalyst to produce ethanol and water.

Abstract: Process for preparing branched alcohols of the general formula (I) where the groups R1 are different or identical and selected from C2-C3-alkyl, linear or branched, using at least one alcohol of the formula (II) R1—CH2—CH2—OH??(II) in homogeneous phase in the presence of at least one base, wherein at least one Ru(II)-containing complex compound is used in which the Ru(II) has at least one ligand L1 which is at least bidentate, where at least one coordination site of L1 is a nitrogen atom.

Abstract: There is provided a process for preparing 1,6-hexanediol by esterifying a carboxylic acid mixture resulted from oxidation of cyclohexane with oxygen, and then hydrogenating the esters, which substantially does not contain a compound leading to a high ester value.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for preparing higher alcohols and/or aldehydes and also mixtures thereof by catalytic reaction of ethanol, the reaction taking place in the presence of at least one catalyst, the catalyst comprising an activated-carbon substrate which is provided with at least one metal, and more particularly has at least one metal dope.

Abstract: A method is described for use in a process for the conversion of an alcohol, the method including the step of contacting a composition comprising a first alcohol with a catalyst composition. Catalyst composition described comprises: i) a source of a Group VIII transition metal; ii) a phosphine ligand of formula PR1R2R3, wherein R1, R2 and R3 are the same or different; and iii) a base. In examples described, the alcohol which is converted comprises ethanol and the product comprises butanol.

Abstract: Catalytic processes to produce a reaction product comprising 2-ethylhexanol by contacting a reactant comprising 1-butanol with a catalyst composition under suitable reaction conditions are provided. The catalyst composition may comprise a hydroxyapatite of the Formula (MwM?xM?yM??z)5(PO4)3(OH), wherein M is Mg; M? is Ca; M? is Sr; M?? is Ba; w is any number between 0 and 1 inclusive; x is any number from 0 to less than 0.5; y is any number between 0 and 1 inclusive; z is any number between 0 and 1 inclusive; and w+x+y+z=1. Base-treated catalyst compositions may be used.

Abstract: Methods of converting cellulose or related biorenewable carbohydrate materials into high-value chemical compounds. The methods provide a means of converting low-cost materials such as cellulose and biomass into high yields of compounds such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerin, methanol, hydroxyacetone, glycolaldehyde and dihydroxyacetone.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process of reacting specific compounds, which are defined below with hydrogen in the presence of a structured catalyst based on sintered metal fibers (SMF) coated by a ZnO layer with Pd-nanoparticles, to reactions of these specific compounds with hydrogen in the presence of said catalyst and an organic base as well as to vitamins, carotinoids, perfume ingredients, and/or food or feed ingredients prepared by using this reaction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of lithium alcoholates solution.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for increasing the level of soluble C5 saccharides produced from lignocellulosic biomass comprising acidifying fractionated lignocellulosic biomass to prevent the recondensation of soluble C5 saccharides, including C5 oligosaccharides and xylose and arabinose monomers, to insoluble higher molecular weight C5 oligosaccharides.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for increasing the level of C5 monosaccharides produced from lignocellulosic biomass using a multistage fractionation process to handle recalcitrant C5 oligosaccharides without producing unwanted degradation products. Methods for reducing C5 monosaccharides degradation products produced from lignocellulosic biomass are also disclosed. In addition, compositions and products produced by the methods are disclosed.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing highly pure 1,6-hexanediol in which the contents of impurities such as 1,4-cyclohexanediol, 1,5-hexanediol, 1,2-cyclohexanediol, 1,7-pentanediol, 1,5-pentanediol and high boiling point components are significantly reduced.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for alcohol production from a cellulosic material wherein a said cellulosic material is subjected to acid hydrolysis to yield an aqueous hydrolysate, said hydrolysate is introduced into a separator at a hydrolysate inlet, an extraction solvent is introduced into said separator at at least two extraction solvent inlets, a residue containing oligosaccharides is removed from said separator at a residue discharge outlet, and acid-containing extraction solvent is removed from said separator at an extraction solvent discharge outlet, wherein removal of said extraction solvent from said separator through said discharge outlet occurs downstream of at least one said extraction solvent inlet and upstream of at least one other said extraction solvent inlet.

Abstract: Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials and/or starchy or sugary materials, to produce ethanol and/or butanol, e.g., by fermentation.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes methods and biomimetic catalysts useful for hydrolyzing glucose polymers, such as cellulose, and oligomers, such as cellobiose, to glucose for the subsequent production of ethanol.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide compositions comprising organic compounds useful as a chemical industrial material or a fuel composition with the use of an alcohol such as ethanol as a material. It is a method for producing compositions using alcohol as a starting material and comprising: allowing alcohol to contact with an alcohol conversion catalyst such as hydroxyapatite (first step) and conducting a hydrogenation reaction respectively for all reaction products consisting of a liquid phase including alcohols, water and hydrocarbons of 4-12 carbons and a gas phase which is light gas containing paraffins, alcohols and olefins; all liquid phase reaction products consisting of all reaction products from which light gas has been removed; a liquid phase dehydration reaction products consisting of all reaction products from which light gas, unreacted alcohol and product water have been removed; and light gas (second step).

Abstract: A method comprising applying a controlled flow cavitation apparatus to an alcohol production process in order to increase alcohol yield. A grain-based liquid medium comprising grain and a liquid carrier can be passed through a controlled flow cavitation apparatus at a velocity capable of generating a hydrodynamic cavitation zone where the grain size can be reduced. One or more controlled flow cavitation apparatuses can be applied at various points of an alcohol production process, such as a starch-to-ethanol production process.

Abstract: To provide a method for producing acetic acid from lignocellulose with high efficiency and a method for producing bioethanol. First, lignocellulose such as wood is decomposition-treated by a method such as pressurized hydrothermal treatment (Step S1). Then, the treatment solution obtained in Step S1 is acetic acid-fermented as a substrate using Clostridium thermoaceticum as an anaerobic microorganism in the presence of cysteine hydrochloride monohydrate at a concentration of 0.05 to 0.1 g/L (Step S2).

Abstract: The invention relates to methods for the production of alcohols by microbial fermentation, particularly microbial fermentation of substrates comprising glycerol and/or acetate, to butanol.

Abstract: Sugars comprising the monosaccharides glucose and fructose, and the disaccharides sucrose and mannose are catalytically converted to ethanol in a sulfate fortified acid medium in the presence of transition metal compounds possessing a degree of symmetry. This is not a fermentation process but is a catalytic chemical process where conversion efficiency is improved by saturating the acidic reaction mixture with inorganic sulfate salts to reduce competitive reactions. Ethanol formed during the reaction is removed by distillation facilitating a continuous process.

Abstract: The present invention provides a production method with which high molecular alcohols having an even number of carbon atoms such as 1-butanol, hexanol, octanol and decanol, and a mixture of these are efficiently collected through clean processes with the use of ethanol as a raw material. High molecular alcohols are produced from ethanol by using calcium phosphate-based compounds such as hydroxyapatite Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, tricalcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2, calcium monohydrogen phosphate CaHPO4.(0˜2)H2O, calcium diphosphate Ca2P2O7, octacalcium phosphate Ca8H2(PO4)6.5H2O, tetracalcium phosphate Ca4(PO4)2O or amorphous calcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2. nH2O as a catalyst, using ethanol as a starting material, and setting a contact time at 0.4 second or longer.

Abstract: Hydrotalcites containing the anion of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid are partially or fully thermally decomposed to provide catalysts useful for the conversion of ethanol and hydrogen to a reaction product comprising 1-butanol.

Abstract: Hydrotalcite/metal carbonate combinations are partially or fully thermally decomposed to provide catalysts useful for the conversion of ethanol and hydrogen to a reaction product comprising 1-butanol.

Abstract: A bionic catalyst for hydrolyzing cellulose and hemicellulose and its preparation method. The catalyst comprises double acid radical catalytic portions and cellulose-linking portions, and can be used under room temperature and high temperature. The catalyst can hydrolyze cellulose and hemicellulose simultaneously, while not decompose glucose and xylose, and may be recycled efficiently. The catalyst can be combined with the process in the prior art to produce liquid fuel.

Abstract: Methods of converting cellulose or related biorenewable carbohydrate materials into high-value chemical compounds. The methods provide a means of converting low-cost materials such as cellulose and biomass into high yields of compounds such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerin, methanol, hydroxyacetone, glycolaldehyde and dihydroxyacetone.

Abstract: Process for preparing a chlorohydrin, comprising a step in which a polyhydroxylated aliphatic hydrocarbon, an ester of a polyhydroxylated aliphatic hydrocarbon or a mixture thereof is subjected to reaction with a chlorinating agent containing hydrogen chloride and at least one other step, carried out in apparatus made from or covered with materials which are resistant to the chlorinating agent under the conditions in which this step is realized.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process of reacting a primary allylic alcohol with a compound containing a) a metal selected from the group consisting of Ag, Au, Ce, Mn, Ni, Ru, Re, Zn and Co preferably Ag and b) an oxidant like TEMPO (2,2?,6,6?-tetra-methylpiperidin-1-oxyl) or its derivates and c) a co-oxidants selected from the group of peroxodisulfates (PDS), H2505, H2O2, NaOCl, O2, KOCl, and air.