Abstract: The present invention provides (6Z,9Z)-6,9-dodecadien-1-yne of the following formula (1). Further, the present invention provides a process for preparing (6Z,9Z)-6,9-dodecadien-1-yne (1): the process comprising reacting a (3Z,6Z)-10-halo-3,6-decadiene compound of the following general formula (2), wherein X represents a halogen atom with a metal acetylide of the following general formula (3), wherein M represents Na, Li, K, Ag, Cu (I), MgZ, CaZ, or Cu(II)Z, wherein Z represents a halogen atom or an ethinyl group to form (6Z,9Z)-6,9-dodecadien-1-yne (1).

Abstract: A process for producing fuel-range organic oxygen-containing compounds is provided. The process includes converting glycerol in the presence of a metal oxide catalyst. The fuel-range organic oxygen-containing compounds can be deoxygenated to produce gasoline and jet fuels or fuel blending components.

Abstract: A continuous-flow process for the production of allyl compounds by deoxydehydration of glycerol includes: (a) Forming a reactive solution by mixing glycerol (1) with: a carboxylic acid (2), and/or a triethyl orthoester, preferably triethyl orthoformate (TEOF); (b) Feeding the reactive solution to an inlet of a channel of a thermolysis microreactor module wherein the channel has an inner hydraulic diameter, D=4 A/P, wherein A is the area and P the perimeter of a cross-section of the channel, of not more than 1000 ?m, (c) Exposing the reactive solution to thermolysis by driving a flow of the reactive solution along the channel from the inlet to an outlet, for a thermolysis time, t, at a pressure, P, and at a thermolysis temperature, T, larger than 200° C., to form thermolysis products including at least one allyl compound; and Recovering the thermolysis products at the outlet and separating the at least one allyl compound from the other thermolysis products.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for catalytic conversion of carbohydrates to low-carbon diols using alloy catalysts. In the process, carbohydrates as the feedstock are subjected to one-step catalytic conversion to realize the highly efficient and selective production of ethylene glycol etc. under hydrothermal conditions, with an alloy catalyst composed of tin, and a transition metal such as iron, cobalt, nickel, rhodium, ruthenium, palladium, iridium, platinum and copper, or a mixture thereof. The reaction is carried out in water at a temperature range of 120-300° C., with a hydrogen pressure range of 1-13 MPa. Compared with the present petroleum based synthesis technology of ethylene glycol, the method in this invention possesses advantages of using renewable feedstock, high atom economy and environmental friendly.

Abstract: Catalytic materials for exhaust gas purifying catalyst composites comprise platinum group metal (PGM)-containing catalysts whose PGM component(s) are provided as nanoparticles and are affixed to a refractory metal oxide, which may be provided as a precursor. Upon calcination of the catalysts, the PGM is thermally affixed to and well-dispersed throughout the support. Excellent conversion of hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides can advantageously be achieved using such catalysts.

Abstract: Process for the production of alkenols comprising the dehydration of at least one diol in the presence of at least one catalyst based on cerium oxide, wherein said catalyst based on cerium oxide is obtained by precipitation, in the presence of at least one base, of at least one compound containing cerium. Preferably, said diol may be a butanediol, more preferably 1,3-butanediol, still more preferably bio-1,3-butanediol derived from biosynthetic processes. Said alkenols may advantageously be used for the production of 1,3-butadiene, in particular of bio-1,3-butadiene.

Abstract: Embodiments of an integrated method for step-wise conversion of 2,3-butanediol to 2-butanol, and optionally to hydrocarbons, are disclosed. The method includes providing an acidic catalyst, exposing a composition comprising aqueous 2,3-butanediol to the acidic catalyst to produce an intermediate composition comprising methyl ethyl ketone, providing a hydrogenation catalyst that is spatially separated from the acidic catalyst, and subsequently exposing the intermediate composition to the hydrogenation catalyst to produce a composition comprising 2-butanol. The method may further include subsequently exposing the composition comprising 2-butanol to a deoxygenation catalyst, and deoxygenating the 2-butanol to form hydrocarbons. In some embodiments, the hydrocarbons comprise olefins, such as butenes, and the method may further include subsequently exposing the hydrocarbons to a hydrogenation catalyst to form saturated hydrocarbons.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing 1,3-butadiene and/or 3-buten-2-ol from 2,3-butanediol with high selectivity without using a radioactive substance. The method for producing 1,3-butadiene and/or 3-buten-2-ol comprises the step of dehydrating 2,3-butanediol in the presence of scandium oxide. The method enables the production of 1,3-butadiene and/or 3-buten-2-ol from 2,3-butanediol with high selectivity without using a radioactive substance.

Abstract: A process for converting polyhydric alcohols to monoalcohols in a counter current column reactor with a metal based catalyst supported on a porous membrane coated over a tubular system that delivers hydrogen where a hydrocarbon (low polarity) liquid solvent is fed at the bottom of the column reactor and an aqueous liquid having polyhydric alcohols therein is fed into the top of the reactor such that the aqueous liquid flows countercurrent to the low polarity solvent liquid and further wherein the low polarity solvent liquid is less dense than the aqueous liquid such that the two liquids are subject to phase separation. Monoalcohols are formed by hydrogenolysis reactions of polyhydric alcohols on the metal catalyst. Monoalcohols phase separate from the aqueous phase to the hydrocarbon solvent. Monoalcohols are further separated from the organic solvent.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a new metal powder catalytic system (catalyst) comprising a cobalt/chrome-alloy as a carrier, its production and its use in hydrogenation processes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a structured catalyst based on sintered metal fibers (SMF) coated by a non-acidic metal oxide layer impregnated with Pd and Agnanopartides, characterized in that the ratio of the Pd:Ag is 1:1 to 10:1, as well as the use of such a catalyst in selective catalytic hydrogenations of organic compounds.

Abstract: A method of hydrothermal hydrocatalytic treating biomass is provided. Lignocellulosic biomass solids is provided to a hydrothermal digestion unit in the presence of a digestive solvent, and a supported hydrogenolysis catalyst containing (a) sulfur, (b) Mo or W, and (c) Co, Ni or mixture thereof, incorporated into a group 4 metal oxide support; (ii) heating the lignocellulosic biomass solids and digestive solvent in the presence of hydrogen, and the supported hydrogenolysis catalyst thereby forming a product solution containing plurality of oxygenated hydrocarbons, said catalyst retaining a crush strength of at least 50% after being subjected to an aqueous phase stability test compared with before the aqueous phase stability test or a crush strength of at least 0.25 kg after being subjected to an aqueous phase stability test.

Abstract: Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials and/or starchy or sugary materials, to produce ethanol and/or butanol, e.g., by fermentation.

Abstract: A method for preparing a mixture (M) comprising at least an alcohol (Aj), said method comprising the following steps: i) a step in which at least an alcohol (Ai) in gaseous state is oligomerized, thereby producing a mixture (A); ii) a step in which the mixture (A) is condensed to a gaseous stream and to a liquid stream corresponding to a condensed mixture (A); and iii) a step in which the condensed mixture (A) is hydrogenated in the liquid state.

Abstract: Processes are disclosed for the conversion of a carbohydrate source to hexamethylenediamine (HMDA) and to intermediates useful for the production of hexamethylenediamine and other industrial chemicals. HMDA is produced by direct reduction of a furfural substrate to 1,6-hexanediol in the presence of hydrogen and a heterogeneous reduction catalyst comprising Pt or by indirect reduction of a furfural substrate to 1,6-hexanediol wherein 1,2,6-hexanetriol is produced by reduction of the furfural substrate in the presence of hydrogen and a catalyst comprising Pt and 1,2,6-hexanediol is then converted by hydrogenation in the presence of a catalyst comprising Pt to 1,6 hexanediol, each process then proceeding to the production of HMDA by known routes, such as amination of the 1,6 hexanediol. Catalysts useful for the direct and indirect production of 1,6-hexanediol are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of making one or more alcohols with a single hydroxy group, such as methanol and ethanol, the method comprising contacting a polyol and water with a basic catalyst. The polyol may be glycerol, for example. The '. catalyst may be magnesium oxide.

Abstract: A process for converting a sugar, sugar alcohol, or glycerol to a valuable chemical is described. The process may use a support comprising zirconium oxide promoted by a polyacid or promoter material. A catalytically active metal may be impregnated on the polyacid-promoted zirconium oxide support and the catalyst may then be introduced the sugar, sugar alcohol, or glycerol a source of hydrogen under reaction conditions. At least 40 wt % of the sugar, sugar alcohol or glycerol may be converted to a polyol and/or a shorter carbon-chain alcohol that may include at least one of propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, glycerin, methanol, ethanol, propanol and butandiols. Specific processes for converting glycerin having a selectivity for propylene glycol and for converting sorbitol with a selectivity for propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, and/or glycerin are also described.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are processes for preparing an ?,?-Cn-diol, wherein n is 5 or greater, from a feedstock comprising a Cn oxygenate. In some embodiments, the process comprises contacting the feedstock with hydrogen gas in the presence of a catalyst comprising metals M1, M2, and M3 and optionally a support, wherein: M1 is Mn, Cr, V, or Ti; M2 is Ni, Co, or Fe; and M3 is Cu, Ag, Pt, Pd or Au; or M1 is Pt or Rh; M2 is Cu, Ni or Pd; and M3 is Mo, Re or W. The Cn oxygenate may be obtained from a biorenewable resource.

Abstract: The present invention provides a hydrocracking catalyst obtainable by mixing a metal compound (A) including any one metal of Groups 3 to 11 of the Periodic Table, a compound (B) including at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a ruthenium oxide compound (B1) and a high-valence compound (B2) including any metal of Groups 8 to 11 of the Periodic Table, and a metal oxide (C) including a metal of Group 5, Group 6 or Group 7 of the Periodic Table, and conducting reduction treatment.

Abstract: Methods, catalysts, and reactor systems for producing in high yield aromatic chemicals and liquid fuels from a mixture of oxygenates comprising di- and polyoxygenates are disclosed. Also disclosed are methods, catalysts, and reactor systems for producing aromatic chemicals and liquid fuels from oxygenated hydrocarbons such as carbohydrates, sugars, sugar alcohols, sugar degradation products, and the like; and methods, catalysts, and reactor systems for producing the mixture of oxygenates from oxygenated hydrocarbons such as carbohydrates, sugars, sugar alcohols, sugar degradation products, and the like. The disclosed catalysts for preparing the mixture of oxygenates comprise a NinSnm alloy and a crystalline alumina support.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the dimerization of alcohols in the context of a Guerbet reaction, in which one or more alcohols (A) having 2 to 72 C atoms and 1 to 3 OH groups per molecule are reacted in the presence of (a) a base (B), (b) a carbonyl compound (C), and (c) a hydrogenation catalyst (H) from the group of metals ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, and platinum, said metals being in the elementary form, with the proviso that the alcohols (A) have at least one primary or secondary OH group, and that a C atom that carries at least one H atom as a substituent is directly adjacent to the C atom with said primary or secondary OH group.

Abstract: A method of reclaiming alcohols from purification residue includes hydrolyzing a purification residue with an aqueous medium in the presence of (i) an acid and (ii) an oxidizing agent.

Abstract: A method of hydrothermal hydrocatalytic treating biomass is provided. Lignocellulosic biomass solids is provided to a hydrothermal digestion unit in the presence of a digestive solvent, and a supported hydrogenolysis catalyst containing (a) sulfur, (b) Mo or W, and (c) Co, Ni or mixture thereof, incorporated into a group 4 metal oxide support; (ii) heating the lignocellulosic biomass solids and digestive solvent in the presence of hydrogen, and the supported hydrogenolysis catalyst thereby forming a product solution containing plurality of oxygenated hydrocarbons, said catalyst retaining a crush strength of at least 50% after being subjected to an aqueous phase stability test compared with before the aqueous phase stability test or a crush strength of at least 0.25 kg after being subjected to an aqueous phase stability test.

Abstract: Semi-permeable particle can be used to facilitate chemical reactions. The semi-permeable particles are permeable to molecules having a molar mass of 1000 Daltons or less, have a mode particle size of at least 1 ?m, and comprise nanoparticles of catalytically active metallic materials disposed within at least some of multiple discrete cavities in the continuous polymeric phase. The nanoparticles of catalytically active metallic materials (a) comprise one or more elements selected from Groups 8, 9, 10, and 11 of the Periodic Table, and (b) have an effective diameter of at least 1 nm and up to and including 200 nm.

Abstract: Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials and/or starchy or sugary materials, to produce ethanol and/or butanol, e.g., by fermentation.

Abstract: Hydrothermal digestion of cellulosic biomass solids in a glycerol solvent system can convert both the cellulosic biomass solids and the glycerol into a glycol reaction product for subsequent processing without the need for further solvent separation. Methods for digesting cellulosic biomass solids in a glycerol solvent system can comprise: providing cellulosic biomass solids and a slurry catalyst in a hydrothermal digestion unit, the slurry catalyst being capable of activating molecular hydrogen; heating the cellulosic biomass solids in the hydrothermal digestion unit in the presence of the slurry catalyst, molecular hydrogen, and a solvent system comprising glycerol, thereby forming soluble carbohydrates; and at least partially converting the soluble carbohydrates and the glycerol into a reaction product comprising a glycol within the hydrothermal digestion unit.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for producing polyols, ketones, carboxylic acids, aldehydes and alcohols from biomass-derived oxygenated hydrocarbons, such as sugars, sugar alcohols, saccharides and the like, using catalysts containing platinum, ruthenium and tin. The methods can be run at lower temperatures and pressures, and allows for the production of oxygenated compounds without the need for hydrogen from an external source. The oxygenated compounds produced are useful as industrial chemicals or chemical intermediates for liquid fuels production.

Abstract: The present invention provides catalysts, methods, and reactor systems for converting oxygenated hydrocarbons to oxygenated compounds. The invention includes methods for producing cyclic ethers, monooxygenates, dioxygenates, ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, and alcohols from oxygenated hydrocarbons, such as carbohydrates, sugars, sugar alcohols, sugar degradation products, and the like, using catalysts containing palladium, molybdenum, tin, and tungsten. The oxygenated compounds produced are useful in the production of liquid fuels, chemicals, and other products.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing 1,6-hexanediol, preferably with at least 99.5% purity, which are especially virtually free of 1,4-cyclohexanediols, from a carboxylic acid mixture which is obtained as a by-product of the catalytic oxidation of cyclohexane to cyclohexanone/cyclohexanol with oxygen or oxygen-comprising gases and by water extraction of the reaction mixture, by hydrogenating the carboxylic acid mixture, esterifying and hydrogenating a substream to hexanediol.

Abstract: Digesting cellulosic biomass solids in the presence of a well-distributed slurry catalyst capable of activating molecular hydrogen may limit the amount of degradation products that form during digestion.

Abstract: Digesting cellulosic biomass in the presence of a slurry catalyst may reduce degradation product formation, but catalyst distribution and retention can be problematic. Digestion methods can comprise: providing cellulosic biomass solids and a slurry catalyst capable of activating molecular hydrogen in a digestion unit; providing a digestible filter aid in the digestion unit; distributing the slurry catalyst within the cellulosic biomass solids using fluid flow; retaining at least a portion of the slurry catalyst in a fixed location using the digestible filter aid; heating the cellulosic biomass solids in the presence of the slurry catalyst, a digestion solvent, and molecular hydrogen, thereby forming a liquor phase comprising soluble carbohydrates; and performing a catalytic reduction reaction on the soluble carbohydrates within the digestion unit, thereby at least partially forming a reaction product comprising a triol, a diol, a monohydric alcohol, or any combination thereof in the digestion unit.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a novel method for manufacturing various organic compounds from two or more kinds of alcohol, or one kind of alcohol having three or more carbon atoms. It is a method for synthesizing one kind of, or two or more kinds of organic compounds comprising allowing two or more kinds of alcohol or one kind of alcohol having three or more carbon atoms to contact a calcium phosphate catalyst such as hydroxyapatite, or hydrotalcite.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process of reacting specific compounds, which are defined below with hydrogen in the presence of a structured catalyst based on sintered metal fibers (SMF) coated by a ZnO layer with Pd-nanoparticles, to reactions of these specific compounds with hydrogen in the presence of said catalyst and an organic base as well as to vitamins, carotinoids, perfume ingredients, and/or food or feed ingredients prepared by using this reaction.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a product alcohol mixture comprising the steps of: (a) providing a synthesis gas comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen (b) providing an amount of methanol and a second source alcohol Rn—CH2—CH2—OH comprising n+2 carbon atoms (Rn?CnH2n+1, n?O) to the synthesis gas to obtain a selective alcohol synthesis mixture (c) converting the selective synthesis mixture in presence of one or more catalysts catalysing the conversion of the synthesis gas mixture into a product alcohol mixture in which the initially dominating alcohol is a preferred Cn+3 alcohol having the structure Rn—CH(CH3)—CH2—OH (d) withdrawing the product alcohol mixture of step (c).

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel structured catalysts based on sintered metal fibers (SMF) coated by a basic oxide layer with Pd-nanoparticles, to reactions of organic compounds with hydrogen in the presence of said catalyst and an organic base as well as to vitamins, carotinoids, perfume ingredients, and/or food or feed ingredients prepared by using this reaction.

Abstract: There is provided a process for preparing 1,6-hexanediol by esterifying a carboxylic acid mixture resulted from oxidation of cyclohexane with oxygen, and then hydrogenating the esters, which substantially does not contain a compound leading to a high ester value.

Abstract: A method of producing short chain alcohols from glycerol generated as a byproduct of biodiesel production is provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to supported metal catalysts, wherein the catalysts are modified by at least one amine, a method for the preparation thereof and hydrogenation processes utilising the supported metal catalysts.

Abstract: Methods of converting cellulose or related biorenewable carbohydrate materials into high-value chemical compounds. The methods provide a means of converting low-cost materials such as cellulose and biomass into high yields of compounds such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerin, methanol, hydroxyacetone, glycolaldehyde and dihydroxyacetone.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing highly pure 1,6-hexanediol in which the contents of impurities such as 1,4-cyclohexanediol, 1,5-hexanediol, 1,2-cyclohexanediol, 1,7-pentanediol, 1,5-pentanediol and high boiling point components are significantly reduced.

Abstract: The present invention provides pyrolysis products that have greater stability than pyrolysis products obtained from conventional pyrolysis production processes. The invention involves pyrolyzing a hydrocarbon feedstock in the presence of a basic metal oxide catalyst to produce a pyrolysis product. The pyrolysis product of the present invention can advantageously be particularly high in alcohol content.

Abstract: A catalyst composition can include: a support; a ruthenium catalyst (Ru) nanoparticle; and a linker linking the Ru nanoparticle to the support, wherein the linker is stable under hydrogenolysis conditions. In one aspect, the linker can include 3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane (APTS) or derivatives thereof, such as those with amine functionality. In another aspect, the linker can include phosphotungstic acid (PTA) or other similar solid acid agents. In another aspect, the support can be selected from alumina, carbon, silica, a zeolite, TiO2, ZrO2, or another suitable material. A specific example of a support includes zeolite, such as a NaY zeolite. The Ru nanoparticle can have a size range from about 1 nm to about 25 nm, and can be obtained by reduction of Ru salts.

Abstract: Systems and processes for dehydration of a process stream in the production of motor fuel grade ethanol (MFGE) can include temperature controlled adsorption of water in the process stream, and heat pumping to transfer heat from the process stream to a heat sink using one or more stages of heat pumping. One stage of heat pumping can be achieved during the regeneration process of a temperature controlled adsorber by desorbing the adsorbed water at a thermal condition enabling useful heat recovery. Another stage of heat pumping can be achieved during the adsorption process of a temperature controlled adsorber by transferring the heat of water adsorption to a heat sink. The heat sink with respect to each stage of heat pumping can be a solids separation unit, such as a beer column.

Abstract: Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials and/or starchy or sugary materials, to produce ethanol and/or butanol, e.g., by fermentation.

Abstract: A method comprising applying a controlled flow cavitation apparatus to an alcohol production process in order to increase alcohol yield. A grain-based liquid medium comprising grain and a liquid carrier can be passed through a controlled flow cavitation apparatus at a velocity capable of generating a hydrodynamic cavitation zone where the grain size can be reduced. One or more controlled flow cavitation apparatuses can be applied at various points of an alcohol production process, such as a starch-to-ethanol production process.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods for the production of alcohols by microbial fermentation, particularly microbial fermentation of substrates comprising glycerol and/or acetate, to butanol.

Abstract: A process to integrate a first biofuels process and a second generation cellulosic biofuels process is provided. The pyrolysis means which produces the char stream and a bioliquid stream. The low pressure hydrotreating component, a high pressure hydrotreating component, the low pressure hydrotreating component which produces the hydrocarbon stream, the high pressure hydrotreating component which produces the steam stream and bioliquid stream. A distillation means, which produces a green gasoline stream and a green diesel stream from the bioliquid stream. The second biofuels process may be a first generation bio-ethanol process, which produces a bio-ethanol stream. The hydrogen production unit, which produces the hydrogen stream and the steam stream. The hydrogen production unit may be a steam reformer or partial oxidation unit.

Abstract: A process for converting a sugar, sugar alcohol, or glycerol to a valuable chemical is described. The process may use a support comprising zirconium oxide promoted by a polyacid or promoter material. A catalytically active metal may be impregnated on the polyacid-promoted zirconium oxide support and the catalyst may then be introduced the sugar, sugar alcohol, or glycerol a source of hydrogen under reaction conditions. At least 40 wt % of the sugar, sugar alcohol or glycerol may be converted to a polyol and/or a shorter carbon-chain alcohol that may include at least one of propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, glycerin, methanol, ethanol, propanol and butandiols. Specific processes for converting glycerin having a selectivity for propylene glycol and for converting sorbitol with a selectivity for propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, and/or glycerin are also described.

Abstract: Systems and processes for dehydration of a process stream in the production of motor fuel grade ethanol (MFGE) can include temperature controlled adsorption of water in the process stream, and heat pumping of the associated heat of adsorption. The process can include providing a process stream (110) including ethanol and water to a first temperature controlled adsorber (102) where water is removed by adsorption to produce an MFGE product stream (114) and an associated heat of adsorption. A cooling fluid can be provided to the first temperature controlled adsorber (102) to remove heat of adsorption and produce a heated cooling fluid (120). Heat from the heated cooling fluid can be provided to a heat sink.

Abstract: An intermetallic magnetic compound of iron oxide and palladium with a nanometer particle size is disclosed, together with a method of making magnetic nanoparticles that include an intermetallic bond between palladium and iron-oxide. Additionally, a method is disclosed of catalyzing an organic reaction by contacting the organic reagents with an intermetallic magnetic compound of iron oxide and palladium that has nanometer particle size in an amount sufficient to catalyze the organic reaction.