Abstract: Methods of preparing fluorinated compounds by carboxylative fluorination using fluoride are contained herein. Fluorinated compounds are provided. Methods of using fluorinated compounds are contained herein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to 1,4-diethynylbenzene derivatives having substituents in the 2,3-position (cf. formula I, Claims), to the use thereof for high-frequency components, to liquid-crystalline media comprising the compounds, and to high-frequency components, in particular antennae, especially for the gigahertz range, comprising these media. The liquid-crystalline media serve, for example, for the phase shifting of microwaves for tuneable ‘phased-array’ antennae.

Abstract: A liquid crystal compound having a high stability to heat, light and so forth, a high clearing point, a low minimum temperature of a liquid crystal phase, a small viscosity, a suitable optical anisotropy, a large dielectric anisotropy, a suitable elastic constant and an excellent solubility in other liquid crystal compounds, a liquid crystal composition containing the compound, and a liquid crystal display device including the composition. The compound is represented by formula (1): wherein, for example, R1 is fluorine or alkyl having 1 to 10 carbons; ring A1 and ring A2 are 1,4-phenylene, or 1,4-phenylene in which at least one of hydrogen is replaced by fluorine; Z1, Z2 and Z3 are a single bond; L1 and L2 are hydrogen or fluorine; X1 is fluorine or —CF3; and m is 1, and n is 0.

Abstract: A substituted alkenylbenzene compound of formula (4): wherein X1 is selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, —SF5, C1-C6haloalkyl, hydroxy C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6alkoxy C1-C6haloalkyl, C3-C8halocycloalkyl, C1-C6haloalkoxy, C1-C3haloalkoxy C1-C3haloalkoxy, C1-C6haloalkylthio, C1-C6haloalkylsulfinyl and C1-C6haloalkylsulfonyl; X3 is selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, halogen atom, cyano, nitro, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6alkoxy and C1-C6alkylthio; X4 is selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, halogen atom, cyano, C1-C4alkyl, C1-C4alkoxy and C1-C4haloalkoxy; R3 is —C(R3a)(R3b)R3c, where R3a and R3b independently of each other are a halogen atom, or R3a and R3b together form 3- to 6-membered ring together with the carbon atom bonding them by forming a C2-C5haloalkylene chain, and R3c is selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, halogen atom, C1-C5alkyl, C1-C5haloalkyl, C1-C4haloalkoxy and C1-C4haloalkylthio, with a proviso that in case where X1

Abstract: The invention relates to an electro-optical liquid-crystal display which contains, as dielectric, a liquid-crystalline medium having negative dielectric anisotropy and includes a backlight which essentially only emits light having a wavelength of 400 nm or more or has, between the liquid-crystal layer and the backlight, a cut-off filter which essentially only allows light having a wavelength of 420 nm or more to pass through. In particular, the liquid-crystalline medium comprises a) a (first) dielectrically negative component (component A) which consists of one or more dielectrically negative compounds of the formula I in which the parameters have the meanings indicated in claim 2, and a further (second) dielectrically negative component (component B).

Abstract: To provide a novel liquid crystal compound having general physical properties necessary for the compound, namely, stability to heat, light and so forth, a wide temperature range of a liquid crystal phase, a high clearing point, a good compatibility with other compounds, a large refractive index anisotropy, a large dielectric anisotropy and a small viscosity. The liquid crystal compound is provided as compound (1): wherein, for example, R1 is alkyl having 1 to 20 carbons; ring A1 and ring B1 are 1,4-cyclohexylene or 1,4-phenylene; Z1 and Z2 are a single bond, —CH2CH2—, —CH?CH— or —C?C—; L1 is fluorine; L2, Y1 and Y2 are hydrogen, fluorine or chlorine; and X1 is halogen, —C?N or alkyl having 1 to 10 carbons, and in the alkyl, arbitrary —CH2— may be replaced by —O— or —S—, and m is 1 and n is 0.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new process for the preparation of 2,4,5-trifluorophenylacetic acid and salts thereof by means of new synthetic intermediates.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of the formula (I) where one or more of the radicals A1-5 denote a 1,4-naphthylene or 1,4-anthracenylene radical, and the other parameters are as defined in Claim 1. The invention additionally includes liquid-crystalline media which comprise the title compounds, components for high-frequency technology which comprise these media, in particular phase shifters and microwave array antennae.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical film exhibiting wavelength dispersion such that a retardation value is smaller on the shorter wavelength side, and capable of being also formed comparatively thinly. The optical film of the present invention is an optical film including a polyimide-based polymer represented by the following general formula (I). In the formula (I), m is 40% by mol or more and 100% by mol or less. R1 and R2 each independently denote a substituent having a carbon-carbon double bond or a triple bond. A, A?, B, B?, E, G, and H each denote a substituent, and small letters corresponding to these alphabets denote substitution number thereof. X and Y each independently denote bond part such as a covalent bond. The substituents having a carbon-carbon double bond or a triple bond represented by R1 and R2 are a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted vinyl group, and a substituted or unsubstituted ethynyl group.

Abstract: An embodiment of the disclosure provides a liquid crystal compound having the following formula: wherein A1, A2, and A3 are independently hydrogen, halogen, cyano, thiocyanato, or —OCF3; R1 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C12 alkyl, C1-C12 alkoxy, C1-C12 haloalkly, C2-C12 alkenyl, or C2-C12 alkynyl; R2 and R3 are independently hydrogen, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkly, cyano, thiocyanato, or —OCF3; and Z is a single bond, —O—, —CH2O—, —C(O)O—, —OCO—, —C(O)NH—, or —CH?CH—. In another embodiment, a liquid crystal display including the liquid crystal compound is also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid-crystal compound with negative dielectric anisotropy, having the chemical formula: wherein A1, A2, and A3 are independently selected from cyclohexyl group, cyclohexenyl group, or phenyl group; L1 and L2 are independently selected from H or F; R is selected from H, F, Cl, C1-10 alkyl group, C1-10 alkenyl group, C1-10 alkoxy group, or C1-10 ether group; Y is fluorinated methyl group; m and n are independently selected from an integer of 0-2; and 1?m+n?3.

Abstract: A polyvalent vinyl aromatic compound represented by chemical formula (4) is produced by reacting (1) a specific vinyl aromatic compound and (2) a specific vinyl compound in the presence of (3-1) a metal complex and (3-2) a percarboxylic acid or a hypervalent iodine compound so that a vinyl group derived from the vinyl compound is introduced onto a carbon atom that is adjacent to the carbon atom to which a vinyl group is bonded in the vinyl aromatic compound. (In the formula, Ar represents a monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group or the like; R1a represents a —CH2OC(?O)R4 group or the like; R2 represents a hydrogen atom or the like; R3 represents a hydrogen atom or the like; A represents an alkyl group having 1-20 carbon atoms, or the like; and n represents an integer of 1-m.

Abstract: The invention provides a liquid crystal compound that has an excellent compatibility with other liquid crystal compounds and also has at least one of characteristics such as a high stability to heat, light or the like, a suitable refractive index anisotropy (?n), a low threshold voltage and a suitable dielectric anisotropy (??). A compound represented by formula (1). For example, R1 is alkyl having 1 to 10 carbons, R2 is halogen or alkenyl having 2 to 10 carbons; the ring A1, the ring A2 and the ring A3 are 1,4-cyclohexylene or 1,4-phenylene; Z1, Z2 and Z3 are a single bond or alkylene having 1 to 4 carbons; G is —CH2— or —O—; and m is 1, and n and p is 0 or 1.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of the formula I to the use thereof for high-frequency components, to liquid-crystalline media comprising the compounds, and to high-frequency components, in particular antennae, especially for the gigahertz range, comprising these media. The liquid-crystalline media serve, for example, for the phase shifting of microwaves for tuneable “phased-array” antennae.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new process for the preparation of 2,4,5-trifluorophenylacetic acid and salts thereof by means of new synthetic intermediates.

Abstract: A liquid crystal compound having a high stability to heat, light and so forth, a high clearing point, a low minimum temperature of a liquid crystal phase, a small viscosity, a suitable optical anisotropy, a large dielectric anisotropy, a suitable elastic constant and an excellent solubility in other liquid crystal compounds, a liquid crystal composition containing the compound, and a liquid crystal display device including the composition. The compound is represented by formula (1): wherein, for example, R1 is fluorine or alkyl having 1 to 10 carbons; ring A1 and ring A2 are 1,4-phenylene, or 1,4-phenylene in which at least one of hydrogen is replaced by fluorine; Z1, Z2 and Z3 are a single bond; L1 and L2 are hydrogen or fluorine; X1 is fluorine or —CF3; and m is 1, and n is 0.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid-crystal medium which comprises a component A which consists of one or more compounds of the formula X in which the parameters have the respective meanings given in the claims or in the text, and to the corresponding, novel mesogenic compounds and to the preparation thereof. The present invention likewise relates to the use of these liquid-crystal media, in particular in components for high-frequency technology, and to components of this type which contain the media according to the invention, and to the production and use of these components. The components according to the invention are suitable, in particular, for phase shifters in the microwave and millimetre wave region, for microwave and millimetre wave array antennae and very particularly for so-called tuneable “reflectarrays”.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds containing at least one C—C triple bond within a chain of at least 3 ring systems which have positive dielectric anisotropy, to the use thereof for high-frequency components, to liquid-crystalline media comprising the compounds, and to high-frequency components, in particular antennae, especially for the gigahertz region, comprising these media. The liquid-crystalline media serve, for example, for the phase shifting of microwaves for tuneable ‘phased-array’ antennae.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid-crystal medium which comprises a component A which consists of one or more compounds of the formula IA in which the parameters have the respective meanings given in the claims or in the text, and to the corresponding, novel mesogenic compounds and to the preparation thereof. The present invention likewise relates to the use of these liquid-crystal media, in particular in components for high-frequency technology, and to components of this type which contain the media according to the invention, and to the production and use of these components. The components according to the invention are suitable, in particular, for phase shifters in the microwave and millimetre wave region, for microwave and millimetre wave array antennae and very particularly for so-called tunable “reflectarrays”.

Abstract: To provide a liquid crystal composition satisfying at least one of characteristics such as a high maximum temperature of a nematic phase, a low minimum temperature thereof, a small viscosity, a large optical anisotropy, a large dielectric anisotropy, a large specific resistance, a large elastic constant, a high stability to ultraviolet light and heat, or a liquid crystal composition having a suitable balance regarding at least two of the characteristics; and an AM device having a short response time, a large voltage holding ratio, a large contrast ratio, a long service life and so forth; wherein a liquid crystal composition has a nematic phase and contains a specific compound having a high maximum temperature and a large dielectric anisotropy as a first component, and a specific compound having a small viscosity as a second component, and may contain a specific compound having a large dielectric anisotropy as a third component.

Abstract: A liquid crystal compound and a liquid crystal medium are described. The liquid crystal compound is stable to heat and light and has a large dielectric anisotropy and a large optical anisotropy. The liquid crystal medium has a wide temperature range of liquid crystal phase, a large optical anisotropy and a large dielectric anisotropy, and exhibits an optically isotropic liquid crystal phase. The liquid crystal compound has 4 or 5 benzene rings, one of which is a chlorofluorobenzene ring. The liquid crystal medium is characterized in containing the liquid crystal compound and a chiral dopant and exhibiting an optically isotropic liquid crystal phase.

Abstract: A liquid crystal compound having a high stability to heat, light or the like, a wide temperature range of a nematic phase, a small viscosity, a suitable optical anisotropy, a large elastic constant K33, a large negative dielectric anisotropy and an excellent compatibility with other liquid crystal compounds. Also, a liquid crystal composition having characteristics similar to these of the compound. Additionally, a liquid crystal display device having a short response time, low electric power consumption, a low driving voltage, a large contrast and a wide temperature range in which the device can be used. The compound is a 2,3-difluorobenzene derivative (1) having a combination of a cyclohexane ring, a cyclohexene ring or a benzene ring phenyl and a butene bonding group. The liquid crystal composition includes this compound, and the liquid crystal display device contains this composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid-crystal medium which comprises a component A which consists of one or more compounds of the formula I in which the parameters have the respective meanings given in the claims or in the text, and to the corresponding, novel mesogenic compounds and to the preparation thereof. The present invention likewise relates to the use of these liquid-crystal media, in particular in components for high-frequency technology, and to components of this type which contain media according to the invention, and to the production and use of these components. The components according to the invention are suitable, in particular, as phase shifters in the microwave and millimetre wave region, for microwave and millimetre wave array antennae and very particularly for so-called tuneable “reflectarrays”.

Abstract: A liquid crystal compound, a liquid crystal composition, and a liquid crystal electric optical device having a low rotational viscosity (?1) and appropriate elastic constants. A fluorine-containing liquid crystal compound represented by formula (1). R1-(A1-Z1)a-(A2-Z2)b-(A3-Z3)c-A4-(CH2)n-CF?CF—R2 (1), R1 is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or an alkyl group, R2 is a halogen atom or an alkyl group that may be halogen-substituted or which may include a (thio)ether group, A1 to A4 may be a phenylene group or a cyclohexylene group that may be halogen-substituted or which may include a (thio)ether group, Z1 to Z3 are a single bond, —O—, —S—, or a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group that may be halogen-substituted or which may include a (thio)ether group. n is an integer from 0 to 3, and a, b, and c are 0 or 1, provided that a+b+c is 1 or greater.

Abstract: To provide a compound, when the compound has both a high clearing point and a low crystallization temperature, having a wide temperature range of a liquid crystal phase and also an excellent solubility in other liquid crystal compounds, and further having general physical properties necessary for the compound, namely, stability to heat, light and so forth, a suitable optical anisotropy and a suitable dielectric anisotropy. A compound is represented by formula (1): wherein, for example, Ra and Rb are alkyl having 1 to 10 carbons; A1, A2, A3 and A4 are 1,4-phenylene; Z1, Z2, Z3 and Z4 are a single bond or alkylene having 1 to 4 carbons; and m, n, q and r are independently 0, 1, or 2, and a sum of m, n, q and r is 1, 2, 3 or 4.

Abstract: To provide a compound, when the compound has both a high clearing point and a low crystallization temperature, having a wide temperature range of a liquid crystal phase and also an excellent solubility in other liquid crystal compounds, and further having general physical properties necessary for the compound, namely, stability to heat, light and so forth, a suitable optical anisotropy and a suitable dielectric anisotropy. A compound is represented by formula (1): wherein, for example, Ra and Rb are alkyl having 1 to 10 carbons; A1, A2, A3 and A4 are 1,4-phenylene; Z1, Z2, Z3 and Z4 are a single bond or alkylene having 1 to 4 carbons; and m, n, q and r are independently 0, 1, or 2, and a sum of m, n, q and r is 1, 2, 3 or 4.

Abstract: The present invention relates to bistolans of the formula I where one or more of the radicals L1 to L3 denote an Rx, where Rx denotes cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl, and the other parameters are as defined in Claim 1. The invention also encompasses liquid-crystalline media which comprise the title compounds, to components for high-frequency technology which comprise these media, in particular phase shifters and microwave array antennae.

Abstract: To provide a fluorinated compound having an RF group with at most 6 carbon atoms, whereby a fluorinated polymer having a highly durable water/oil repellency can be produced, and an environmental load is little, and a fluorinated polymer having a highly durable water/oil repellency and presenting little environmental load, obtainable by polymerizing such a fluorinated compound. A fluorinated compound represented by the following formula (I) and its polymer: CH2?C(M)COO(CH2)nPhXPhZCrF2r+1??(I) (in the formula (I), M is a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or a halogen atom, n is an integer of from 0 to 2, Ph is a phenylene group, X is CH2O or OCH2, Z is a single bond, a C1-4 alkylene group containing an etheric oxygen atom, or COO(CH2)m (wherein m is an integer of from 1 to 4), and r is an integer of from 1 to 6).

Abstract: The present invention relates to 1,4-diethynylbenzene derivatives having substituents in the 2,3-position (cf. formula I, Claims), to the use thereof for high-frequency components, to liquid-crystalline media comprising the compounds, and to high-frequency components, in particular antennae, especially for the gigahertz range, comprising these media. The liquid-crystalline media serve, for example, for the phase shifting of microwaves for tuneable ‘phased-array’ antennae.

Abstract: An embodiment of the invention provides a liquid crystal compound having the following formula: wherein A1, A2, and A3 are independently hydrogen, halogen, cyano, thiocyanato, or —OCF3; R1 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C12 alkyl, C1-C12 alkoxy, C1-C12 haloalkyl, C2-C12 alkenyl, or C2-C12 alkynyl; R2 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, cyano, or —OCF3; and Z is —O—, —CH2O—, —C(O)O—, —OCO—, —C(O)NH—, —CH?CH—, or —C?C—. In another embodiment, a liquid crystal display including the liquid crystal compound is also provided.

Abstract: A liquid crystal compound of Formula (1) is provided below: wherein R is hydrogen, linear or branching C1-15 alkyl, linear or branching C1-15 alkyl (wherein any one of —CH2— is replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CO—O—, or —O—CO—), linear or branching C2-15 alkenyl, or linear or branching C2-15 alkenyl (wherein any one of —CH2— is replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CO—O—, or —O—CO—), A and B are, independently, cyclohexane, cyclohexane (wherein any one of —CH2— is replaced by —O— or —NH—), benzene, or benzene (wherein any one of —CH2? is replaced by —N?), X is a single bond, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —CH2O—, —OCH2—, —CH2CH2—, —C?C—, —C?C—, —CF2O—, or —OCF2—, Q is oxygen or CH2, Y is CF3, CF2H, or CFH2, L1, L2, and L3 are, independently, hydrogen or fluorine, and m is 0, 1, or 2.

Abstract: The preparation of novel fullerynes which are fullerenes (e.g. C60, C70, C80, etc.) that contain one or more alkyne functionalities and may contain additional functional groups such as hydroxyls, halogens, esters, haloesters, phenyl, oligo(ethylene glycol)s, perfluorinated alkyl chains, and the like. Two desired preparation routes are disclosed. The first one is the Fischer esterification in desired solvents using a special designed reactor in contrast to the heretofore initial Steglich reaction that results in side reactions and low yields. The second one uses acetylide Grignard reagents that have reduced nucleophilicity and higher stability in contrast to the use of heretofore initial lithium organyls or other Grignard reagents that would add to C60 with possible multi-additions in an uncontrollable manner.

Abstract: To provide a novel liquid crystal compound having general physical properties necessary for the compound, namely, stability to heat, light and so forth, a wide temperature range of a liquid crystal phase, a high clearing point, a good compatibility with other compounds, a large refractive index anisotropy, a large dielectric anisotropy and a small viscosity. The liquid crystal compound is provided as compound (1): wherein, for example, R1 is alkyl having 1 to 20 carbons; ring A1 and ring B1 are 1,4-cyclohexylene or 1,4-phenylene; Z1 and Z2 are a single bond, —CH2CH2—, —CH?CH— or —C?C—; L1 is fluorine; L2, Y1 and Y2 are hydrogen, fluorine or chlorine; and X1 is halogen, —C?N or alkyl having 1 to 10 carbons, and in the alkyl, arbitrary —CH2— may be replaced by —O— or —S—, and m is 1 and n is 0.

Abstract: Indenofluorenes that include at least two alkynyl-containing substituents.

Abstract: A nematic phase liquid crystal compound with negative dielectric constant has a structure represented by wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or linear alkyl having 1 to 8 carbon atoms or linear alkenyl having 1-8 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy or alykenoxy formed by substituting one or nonadjacent two CH2 in the linear alkyl or alkenyl with oxygen atom, wherein 0 to 4 hydrogen atoms of R1 group can be substituted with fluorine; R2 represents a hydrogen atom or linear alkyl having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or R2 represents a linear fluoroalkyl having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, in which group 1 to 4 hydrogens can be substituted with fluorine atoms; A represents a benzene ring or 1,4-cyclohexane ring, if A is a benzene ring 0 to 4 hydrogen atoms on the benzene ring may be substituted with fluorine; n=1 to 2, and m=0 to 2.

Abstract: Disclosed are new compounds having semiconducting properties. Such compounds can be processed in solution-phase at a temperature of less than about 50° C. into thin film semiconductors that exhibit high carrier mobility and/or good current modulation characteristics.

Abstract: A liquid crystal compound having general physical properties necessary for a liquid crystal compound, a high stability to heat, light or the like, a small viscosity, a suitable refractive index anisotropy, a suitable dielectric anisotropy and steep electro-optic characteristics, a wide temperature range of a nematic phase and an excellent compatibility with other liquid crystal compounds, and a liquid crystal compound especially having a wide temperature range of a nematic phase. A compound represented by formula (1). with, for example, R1 and R2 are alkyl having 1 to 10 carbons; A1 is 1,4-cyclohexylene; A2 is 2,3-difluoro-1,4-phenylene; X is fluorine or chlorine; Z1 and Z2 are a single bond; and p and q is 0 or 1.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of the formula (I) where one or more of the radicals A1-5 denote a 1,4-naphthylene or 1,4-anthracenylene radical, and the other parameters are as defined in Claim 1. The invention additionally includes liquid-crystalline media which comprise the title compounds, components for high-frequency technology which comprise these media, in particular phase shifters and microwave array antennae.

Abstract: The invention provides a liquid crystal compound having a suitable value of refractive index anisotropy, a suitable value of dielectric anisotropy, steep characteristics electro-optic characteristics, a wide temperature range of a nematic phase and an excellent compatibility with other liquid crystal compounds, and a liquid crystal compounds especially having a wide temperature range of a nematic phase. A compound represented by formula (1). For example, R1 and R2 are each independently alkyl having 1 to 9 carbons or alkenyl having 2 to 9 carbons, alkoxy having 1 to 8 carbons or alkenyloxy having 2 to 8 carbons; Q1 and Q4 are each independently fluorine or chlorine; Q2 and Q3 are each independently hydrogen, fluorine or chlorine, and one of Q2 and Q3 is hydrogen; Z is —CH2 O— or —COO—; and h is 1 or 2.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of the formula I where one or more of the radicals A1-5 denote a 1,4-naphthylene or 1,4- or 9,10-anthracenylene radical, and the other parameters are as defined in Claim 1. The invention additionally includes liquid-crystalline media which comprise the title compounds, and components for high-frequency technology which comprise these media, in particular phase shifters and microwave array antennae.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of 1,5-enediyne compounds of formula (I) as curing agents in polymeric systems. In particular the invention relates to a curable composition comprising a curing agent of formula (I) and a polymer suitable to be cross-linked and to the cured article obtained therefrom.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid crystal composition suitable for producing a liquid crystal electrooptical element which can be driven at a low voltage in a wide temperature range and has high display quality. Also disclosed is a liquid crystal electrooptical element produced by using the liquid crystal composition. Further disclosed is a liquid crystal compound useful in preparing this composition.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid crystal composition suitable for producing a liquid crystal electrooptical element which can be driven at a low voltage in a wide temperature range and has high display quality. Also disclosed is a liquid crystal electrooptical element produced by using the liquid crystal composition. Further disclosed is a liquid crystal compound represented by the formula [R1-(A1)a-Z1-(A2)b-Z2-(A7)e-Z5-A3-CF?CFCF2O-A4-Z3-(A5)c-Z4-(A6)d-R2].

Abstract: The present invention relates to bistolans of the formula I where one or more of the radicals L1 to L3 denote an Rx, where Rx denotes cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl, and the other parameters are as defined in Claim 1. The invention also encompasses liquid-crystalline media which comprise the title compounds, to components for high-frequency technology which comprise these media, in particular phase shifters and microwave array antennae.

Abstract: The invention provides a liquid crystal compound having a high stability to heat, light or the like, a wide temperature range of a nematic phase, a small viscosity, a suitable optical anisotropy, a large elastic constant K33, a large negative dielectric anisotropy and an excellent compatibility with other liquid crystal compounds. The invention provides a liquid crystal composition having characteristics similar to these of the compound. The invention provides a liquid crystal display device having a short response time, low electric power consumption, a low driving voltage, a large contrast and a wide temperature range in which the device can be used. The compound is a 2,3-difluorobenzene derivative (1) having a combination of a cyclohexane ring, a cyclohexene ring or a benzene ring phenyl and a butene bonding group. The liquid crystal composition includes this compound, and the liquid crystal display device contains this composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a component for high-frequency technology or for the microwave range and millimetre wave range of the electromagnetic spectrum, characterised in that it contains a liquid-crystal compound of the formula I in which the parameters have the respective meanings given in the claims or in the text, or a liquid-crystal medium which itself comprises one or more compounds of this formula I, and to the corresponding, novel liquid-crystal media, to the use and preparation thereof, and to the production and use of the components. The components according to the invention are particularly suitable as phase shifters in the microwave and millimetre wave range, for microwave and millimetre wave array antennae and very particularly for so-called tuneable reflectarrays.

Abstract: A substituted alkenylbenzene compound of formula (4): wherein X1 is a halogen atom, —SF5, C1-C6haloalkyl, hydroxy C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6alkoxy C1-C6haloalkyl, C3-C8halocycloalkyl, C1-C6haloalkoxy, C1-C3haloalkoxy C1-C3haloalkoxy, C1-C6haloalkylthio, C1-C6haloalkylsulfinyl or C1-C6haloalkylsulfonyl; X3 is a hydrogen, halogen, cyano, nitro, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6alkoxy or C1-C6alkylthio; X4 is a hydrogen, halogen, cyano, C1-C4alkyl, C1-C4alkoxy or C1-C4haloalkoxy; R3 is —C(R3a)(R3b)R3c, where R3a and R3b are a halogen, or R3a and R3b together form a 3- to 6-membered ring together with the carbon bonding them by forming a C2-C5haloalkylene chain, and R3c is a hydrogen, halogen, C1-C5alkyl, C1-C5haloalkyl, C1-C4haloalkoxy or C1-C4haloalkylthio, with a proviso that where X1 is a fluorine, chlorine or trifluoromethyl, and X2 and X3 are hydrogen, where X1 and X2 are fluorine and X3 is a hydrogen, or where X1 and X2 are trifluoromethyl and X3 is a hydrogen, R3c is a hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, iodine,

Abstract: A liquid crystal compound of Formula (1) is provided. In Formula (1), R is hydrogen, linear or branching C1-15 alkyl, linear or branching C1-15 alkyl (wherein any one of —CH2— is replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CO—O—, or —O—CO—), linear or branching C2-15 alkenyl, or linear or branching C2-15 alkenyl (wherein any one of —CH2— is replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CO—O—, or —O—CO—), A and B are, independently, cyclohexane, cyclohexane (wherein any one of —CH2— is replaced by —O— or —NH—), benzene, or benzene (wherein any one of —CH2? is replaced by —N?), X is a single bond, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —CH2O—, —OCH2—, —CH2CH2—, —C?C—, —C?C—, —CF2O—, or —OCF2—, Q is oxygen or CH2, Y is CF3, CF2H, or CFH2, L1, L2, and L3 are, independently, hydrogen or fluorine, and m is 0, 1, or 2.

Abstract: The present invention relates to chemical compounds containing five or more benzene rings arranged in a linear manner and two bridging units between these rings, where at least one of these units represents a —CF2O— bridge. The invention additionally relates to liquid-crystalline media and to high-frequency components comprising these media, in particular antennae, especially for the gigahertz range.

Abstract: Aromatic and aromatic/heteroaromatic molecular structures with controllable electron conducting properties are derived from the incorporation of electron active substituents in selective positions.