Abstract: 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFA 134a) is manufactured from trichloroethylene by a two-stage process comprising reacting trichloroethylene with hydrogen fluoride under superatmospheric pressure in a first reaction zone to form 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane (133a) and reacting the 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane with hydrogen fluoride in a second reaction zone to form 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane; the entire product stream from the 133a reaction zone together with additional HF of required is fed through the 134a reaction zone. The two reaction zones may be provided within a single reaction vessel.

Abstract: In a process for preparing 1,1,1-trifluorochloroethane by reacting, in a gas phase, trichloroethylene and hydrogen fluoride, when the reactant gases are diluted with a gas which is inactive to the reaction, it is very easy to control a reaction temperature, and when a generated gas from the reaction of 1,1,1-trifluorochloroethane and hydrogen fluoride is used as a diluent gas, generation of 1,1-difluoroethylene is suppressed to a very low level while not influencing the reaction between trichloroethylene and hydrogen fluoride.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing hydrofluorocarbons of the formulas CF.sub.3 (CH.sub.2 CF.sub.2).sub.n F comprising reacting at least one reactant selected from CCl.sub.3 (CH.sub.2 CCl.sub.2).sub.n Cl, CCl.sub.3 (CH.sub.2 CF.sub.2).sub.n Cl or CCl.sub.2 [(CH.sub.2 CF.sub.2)Cl].sub.2, where n=1 to 3, with hydrogen fluoride at a temperature of from about 25.degree. to about 200.degree. C.

Abstract: 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFA 134a) is manufactured from trichloroethylene by a two-stage process comprising reacting trichloroethylene with hydrogen fluoride in one reactor to form 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane (133a) and reacting the 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane with hydrogen fluoride in another reactor to form 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane. The invention is characterized by reversing the reactor sequence and passing the entire product stream from the HFA 134a reactor together with trichloroethylene through the 133a reactor and separating 134a and hydrogen chloride from the recycle stream between the 133a reactor and the 134a reactor.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane by reaction of hydrogen fluoride with a trihaloethylene according to which trifluoroethylene is chosen as trihaloethylene and the reaction is carried out in the liquid phase.

Abstract: Compositions of ethylene oxide and monochlorotetrafluoroethane which are useful as sterilizing agents. These novel compositions are environmentally acceptable, possess improved flammability suppressant characteristics, and are capable of maintaining a greater ethylene oxide concentration than traditional sterilizing gas compositions.

Abstract: 1,1,1.Trifluoro-2-fluoroethane (HFC 134A), respectively 1,1,1-trifluoro-2, 2-dichloroethane (HCFC 123) 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloro, 2-fluoroethane (HCFC 124) and pentafluoroethane (HFC 125), are purified from impurities respectively consisting of 1,1-difluoro-2-chloroethylene (HCFC 1122) and of difluorodichloroethylene (CFC 1112A and CFC 1112), by reacting in the liquid state respectively HFC 134A or HCFC 123, HCFC 124 and HFC 125 containing the relative impurities, with elemental fluorine, at temperatures ranging from -80.degree. to -40.degree. C.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for selectively producing alkyl halides from alkanes, such as methane and ethane at low temperatures and low pressures. Optional hydrolysis to the corresponding alcohols may follow. The process involves adding an alkane and an added halogen source to an aqueous solution in a homogeneous system in the presence of a transition metal halide containing complex, for a time, under conditions and in effective amounts that will permit the formation of alkyl monohalides.

Abstract: A process for preparing 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,2-dichloroethane by hydrofluorination,in the gas phase, of perchloroethylene in the presence of a catalyst comprising chrome oxides supported on AlF.sub.3 in the gamma and/or beta form.

Abstract: This invention provides an improved process for the manufacture of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane by the reaction of HF and trichloroethylene in the presence of a catalyst to form a mixture comprising 2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane and, optionally, other organic by-products. The improvement resides in conducting the reaction in a single reaction zone while recovering the 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane from the mixture and recycling the 2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane and, optionally, other organic by-products from the mixture to the reaction along with trichloroethylene and HF.

Abstract: A more efficient reaction mechanism is provided for producing 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane (HCFC-141b) by reacting vinylidene chloride with hydrogen fluoride in the liquid phase in the presence of a catalyst and sulfone-based or nitrated solvent. In particular, by using a titanium tetrafluoride catalyst in conjunction with tetramethylene sulfone solvent, most all the vinylidene chloride reagent can be converted to HCFC-141b to the virtual exclusion of unwanted, closely associated byproducts like 1,1-difluoro-1-chloroethane (HCFC-142b) 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (HFC-143a), while reducing the production of tars to a minimum.

Abstract: A method of preparing CH.sub.2 FCF.sub.3 from fluorodichloro-ethylene using a catalytically active niobium, tantalum or molybdenum fluorosulfonate compound or a catalyst mixture which comprises a niobium, tantalum or molybdenum halide and a sulfonic acid derivative.

Abstract: Water present in a hot gaseous product stream from a reactor system A,B (FIG. 1 ) containing hydrogen fluoride is separated from the stream in order to eliminate a potentially corrosive combination of water and HF. The water is removed by contacting the gaseous product stream with liquid HF in a distillation column so as to obtain a bottoms product containing liquid HF and water and a top product containing dry HF and the product to be recovered. The invention encompasses the separation process, a vessel for carrying out the process (FIGS. 2 to 4), a control system for the liquid HF supply to the distillation column (FIGS. 5 and 6) and a recovery system for recovering HF employed during operation of the reactor system in different regimes employing HF as a fluorination agent, as a diluent during catalyst regeneration and/or catalyst prefluorination (FIG. 7 ).

Abstract: In a process for preparing 1,1,1-trifluorochloroethane by reacting, in a gas phase, trichloroethylene and hydrogen fluoride, when the reactant gases are diluted with a gas which is inactive to the reaction, it is very easy to control a reaction temperature, and when a generated gas from the reaction of 1,1,1-trifluorochloroethane and hydrogen fluoride is used as a diluent gas, generation of 1,1-difluoroethylene is suppressed to a very low level while not influencing the reaction between trichloroethylene and hydrogen fluoride.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing HFC-134a which includes reacting certain tetrahaloethane starting materials (e.g., 2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane) with HF in the gaseous phase at an elevated temperature in the presence of certain supported metal catalysts containing effective amounts of zinc. A catalyst of metal fluoride on a fluorinated alumina support having an atomic ratio of F to Al of at least 2.7:1 and containing .beta.-aluminum fluoride, is employed.

Abstract: 1,1,1,4,4,4-Hexafluorobutane is prepared by first reacting 1,1,3,4,4-pentachlorobuta-1,3-diene with hydrogen fluoride in the presence of catalysts at 60.degree. to 180.degree. C. to give 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-chlorobutane, and converting this to 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobutane. On working up the product of the first stage of the process, it is possible to isolate novel compounds of formula (I):CF.sub.2 X--CH.sub.2 --R (I)in whichX is fluorine or chlorine andR is --CHCl--CF.sub.2 Cl, --CHCl--CFCl.sub.2 or --CCl.dbd.CCl.sub.2.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing HCFC-123, HCFC-124 and/or HFC-125 which includes reacting certain tetrahaloethylene starting materials (e.g., tetrachloroethylene) with HF in the gaseous phase at an elevated temperature in the presence of certain supported metal catalysts containing effective amounts of zinc. A catalyst of metal fluoride on a fluorinated alumina support having an atomic ratio of F to Al of at least 2.7:1 and containing .beta.-aluminum fluoride, is employed.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing HCFC-124 and HFC-125 which includes reacting certain pentahaloethane starting materials (e.g., CF.sub.3 CHCl.sub.2) in the gaseous phase at an elevated temperature in the presence of certain supported metal catalysts containing effective amounts of zinc. A catalyst of metal fluoride on a fluorinated alumina support having an atomic ratio of F to Al of at least 2.7:1 and containing .beta.-aluminmum fluoride, is employed.

Abstract: A process for preparing fluorine-containing ethane derivatives using hydrogen fluoride and a catalytically active formulation comprising a tantalum fluorosulfonate compound or a niobium fluorosulfonate compound is described. The process is particularly suitable for preparing ethane derivatives which contain a CF.sub.3 group, for example for preparing CF.sub.3 CHCl.sub.2 (R123) from perchloroethylene.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of fluorinated alkanes by contacting a starting material of halogenated alkene or alkane with 1 to 150 molar equivalents based on catalyst of HF, 1 to 30 molar equivalents based on catalyst of a dehydrating agent and less than 100 molar equivalents based on catalyst of a starting material, the catalyst being selected from niobium oxide or tantalum oxide, at a temperature of 0.degree. C. to 185.degree. C. The preferred dehydrating agent is a combination of chlorosulfonic acid and thionyl chloride.

Abstract: A process for preparing 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,2-dichloroethane by hydrofluorination, in the gas phase, of perchloroethylene in the presence of a catalyst comprising chrome oxides supported on AlF.sub.3 in the gamma and/or beta form.

Abstract: A process for producing a 2,2-difluoropropane of the following formula (2), which comprises fluorinating a chlorine-containing 2,2-halogenopropane of the following formula (1) by hydrogen fluoride or a fluorinating agent:C.sub.3 H.sub.a Cl.sub.b F.sub.c (1)C.sub.3 H.sub.a Cl.sub.b-x F.sub.c+x (2)wherein a, b, c and x are integers satisfying the following conditions:a.gtoreq.0, b.gtoreq.1, c.gtoreq.0, x.gtoreq.1, a+b+c=8.

Abstract: A process for preparing 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,2-dichloroethane by hydrofluorination, in the gas phase, of perchloroethylene in the presence of a catalyst comprising chrome oxides supported on AlF.sub.3 in the gamma and/or beta form.

Abstract: A chlorofluorination process is disclosed which employs a catalyst comprising chromium oxide for producing halohydrocarbons of the formula CHXFCF.sub.3 (where X is selected from Cl and F). The process is characterized by feeding a combination of components comprising, (i) at least one halohydrocarbon starting compound of the formula CY.sub.3 CH.sub.2 R.sup.1 (where R.sup.1 is selected from the group of H and F and each Y is independently selected from the group of Cl and F), (ii) hydrogen fluoride and (iii) chlorine to a reaction zone; contacting said combination of compounds in said reaction zone with a catalyst comprising chromium oxide at an elevated temperature to produce reaction zone products containing halohydrocarbon reaction products of the formula CHXFCF.sub.3 together with halohydrocarbons of the formula CZ.sub.3 CHR.sup.2 R.sup.3 (wherein R.sup.2 is selected from the group of H and Cl, R.sup.

Abstract: 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFA 134a) is manufactured from trichloroethylene by a two-stage process comprising reacting trichloroethylene with hydrogen fluoride under superatmospheric pressure in a first reaction zone to form 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane (133a) and reacting the 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane with hydrogen fluoride in a second reaction zone to form 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane; the entire product stream from the 133a reaction zone together with additional HF of required is fed through the 134a reaction zone. The two reaction zones may be provided within a single reaction vessel.

Abstract: 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFA 134a) is manufactured from trichloroethylene by a two-stage process comprising reacting trichloroethylene with hydrogen fluoride in one reactor to form 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane (133a) and reacting the 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane with hydrogen fluoride in another reactor to form 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane. The invention is characterised by reversing the reactor sequence and passing the entire product stream from the HFA 134a reactor together with trichloroethylene through the 133a reactor and separating 134a and hydrogen chloride from the recycle stream between the 133a reactor and the 134a reactor.

Abstract: Bismuth/alkaline earth metal catalysts which contain 0.005-0.8 g-atom of bismuth per mol of the alkaline earth metal compound employed and can furthermore contain promoters and/or inert additives, and lanthanide catalysts with or without catalyst supports can be employed as catalysts for halogen-fluorine exchange in organic compounds by means of hydrogen fluoride.

Abstract: A process for preparing fluorine-containing ethane derivatives using hydrogen fluoride and a catalytically active formulation comprising a tantalum fluorosulfonate compound or a niobium fluorosulfonate compound is described. The process is particularly suitable for preparing ethane derivatives which contain a CF.sub.3 group, for example for preparing C.sub.3 CHCl.sub.2 (R123) from perchloroethylene.

Abstract: A method for regenerating a used fluorination catalyst such as a chromium-containing compound comprises contacting the used catalyst at a temperature of 300.degree. C. to 500.degree. C. with a mixture of an oxidizing agent, especially air, and hydrogen fluoride and optionally an inert diluent such as nitrogen, said mixture containing up to 30% of oxidizing agent on a molar basis. The method obviates chromium loss during regeneration/refluorination of spent catalyst and provides heated hydrogen fluoride for use directly in fluorination reactions.

Abstract: A method of preparing fluorine-containing ethane derivatives using a catalyst mixture which comprises a metal halide and a sulfonic acid derivative is described. The method is particularly well suited for preparing CF.sub.3 CHCl.sub.2 (R123) from perchloroethylene and for preparing CF.sub.3 CH.sub.2 F (R134a) from trifluoroethylene.

Abstract: The catalysts according to the invention are mixtures of an antimony trihalide and of a titanium tetrahalide.These catalysts can be used for the liquid phase fluorination of halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons, especially that of chlorinated ethane and ethylene derivatives.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of fluorinated alkanes by contacting halogenated alkanes with HF in the presence of TaCl.sub.5 or TaBr.sub.5.

Abstract: This invention provides an improved process for the manufacture of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane by the reaction of HF and trichloroethylene in the presence of a catalyst to form a mixture comprising 2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane and, optionally, other organic by-products. The improvement resides in conducting the reaction in a single reaction zone while recovering the 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane from the mixture and recycling the 2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane and, optionally, other organic by-products from the mixture to the reaction along with trichloroethylene and HF.

Abstract: A vapor phase process is disclosed for producing HCFC-225s, HCFC-235s, HCFC-226s, HFC-236s, and HFC-227s by reacting certain three-carbon reactants containing at least one less fluorine than, and at least as many hydrogen substituents as the desired product (e.g. propane propylene, allene or methylacetylene) with Cl.sub.2 and HF in the presence of a catalyst consisting essentially of chromium oxide or of chromium oxide which is combined with a refractory oxide, fluorinated and/or modified with manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper and/or zinc. The temperature and contact time for the reaction are chosen to provide a product having the desired fluorine and hydrogen content.

Abstract: A method of preparing fluorine-containing ethane derivatives using a catalyst mixture which comprises a metal halide and a sulfonic acid derivative is described. The method is particularly well suited for preparing CF.sub.3 CHCl.sub.2 (R123) from perchloroethylene and for preparing CF.sub.3 CH.sub.2 F (R134a) from trifluoroethylene.

Abstract: Hexafluoropropanes of the formula CF.sub.3 -CHX-CF.sub.3 where X is hydrogen or chlorine are prepared by reacting hexachloropropene with hydrogen fluoride in the gas phase in the presence of a catalyst.

Abstract: 1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane is prepared by reacting hydrogen fluoride with vinylidene chloride, in a liquid medium containing preferably at least 40 mol % 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane from trichloroethene and hydrogen fluoride in the gas phase. In this process a catalyst containing chromium and magnesium is used, which catalyst is obtainable by precipitating chromium(III) hydroxide by reacting 1 mole of a water-soluble chromium(III) salt with at least 1.5 mol of magnesium hydroxide or magnesium oxide in the presence of water, converting the reaction mixture into a paste containing chromium hydroxide and a magnesium salt and then drying the paste and treating it at temperatures of 20.degree. to 500.degree. C. with hydrogen fluoride.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel catalyst and process for producing various chlorofluorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons and hydrofluorocarbons said catalyst prepared by co-extruding aluminum/chromium oxide and optionally impregnating the aluminum/chromium oxide support with a metal salt. The chlorofluorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons and hydrofluorocarbons, i.e., e.g., 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane, produced using the catalyst of the invention are useful in a variety of industrial applications including blowing agent, refrigerant, sterilant gas and solvent applications.

Abstract: A manufacturing process is disclosed for preparing 1,1-dichloro-1-fluorethane by the addition of hydrogen fluoride to 1,1-dichloroethylene in the presence of a hydrofluorination catalyst providing 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane in high yields and reduced 1,1-dichloroethylene content.Additionally, a process is disclosed for reducing the 1,1-dichloroethylene content of a mixture of 1,1-dichloroethylene and 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane.

Abstract: A process for preparing 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,2-dichloroethane by hydrofluorination, in the gas phase, of perchloroethylene in the presence of a catalyst comprising chrome oxides supported on AlF.sub.3 in the gamma and/or beta form.

Abstract: The present invention relates to multistep syntheses of hexafluoropropylene from hexachloropropylene. In all these syntheses the first step is a fluorination of the starting material; later steps convert the initial products to CF.sub.3 --CFCl--CF.sub.3, which is dehalogenated to the desired product.

Abstract: The present invention relates to multistep syntheses of hexafluoropropylene from acyclic three-carbon hydrocarbons or partially halogenated acyclic three-carbon hydrocarbons. In all these syntheses the first step is a vapor-phase chlorofluorination of the starting material to one or more saturated chlorofluorocarbons. Novel catalysts are also provided.

Abstract: An improved process is disclosed for the manufacture of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, more particularly, a gas-phase reaction of 1,1,1-trifluorochloroethane with hydrogen fluoride in the presence of a catalyst, a selected metal on aluminum fluoride, and molecular oxygen which process minimizes the oxidation of liberated hydrogen chloride to chlorine and water, extends catalyst life and improves yield.

Abstract: An improved process for preparing 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane by hydrogen fluoride addition, in the vapor phase, to 1,1-dichloroethylene in the presence of an aluminum fluoride catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to multistep syntheses of hexafluoropropylene from propane, propylene or partially halogenated acyclic three-carbon hydrocarbons. In all these syntheses the first step is a vapor-phase chlorofluorination of the starting material to the unsaturated chlorofluorocarbon CF.sub.3 CClCCl.sub.2.

Abstract: An improved gas-phase process for the manufacture of 1,1-difluoro-1,2-dichloroethane and/or 1-fluoro-1,1,2-trichloroethane by contacting a suitable trihaloethylene and/or a tetrahaloethane with hydrogen fluoride in the presence of a metal in combination with a high fluorine content aluminum-containing compound, the reaction being preferably conducted under controlled conditions whereby the production of 1,1,1-trifluorochloroethane is minimized.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of fluorinated alkanes by contacting alkenes with HF in the presence of TaCl.sub.2 or TaBr.sub.5.

Abstract: 1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane is prepared by reacting hydrogen fluoride with vinylidene chloride, in a liquid medium containing preferably at least 40 mol % 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane.

Abstract: An improved process is disclosed for the manufacture of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane by the vapor-phase reaction of 2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane with hydrogen fluoride in the presence of an inorganic chromium (III) catalyst which includes co-feeding molecular chlorine to extend catalyst activity.