Abstract: Polymer composition obtained from polymerization of C5 olefin composition, use for making an adhesive, and article or composite containing it.

Abstract: Methods are provided for producing Group III base stocks having high viscosity and also having one or more properties indicative of a high quality base stock. The resulting Group III base stocks can have a viscosity at 100° C. and/or a viscosity at 40° C. that is greater than the corresponding viscosity for a conventional Group III base stock. Additionally, the resulting Group III base stocks can have one or more properties that are indicative of a high quality base stock.

Abstract: A low viscosity poly(apha-olefin) (PAO) is produced by contacting one or more C3 to C24 alpha-olefins with an unbridged, substituted bis cyclopentadienyl transition metal compound, a non-coordinating anion activator, and an alkyl-aluminum compound. The molar ratio of transition metal compound to activator is 10:1 to 0.1:1, and the molar ratio of alkyl aluminum compound to transition metal compound is 1:4 to 4000:1. The transition metal compound has either (a) at least one non-isoolefin substitution on both cyclopentadienyl rings, or (b) at least two substitutions on at least one cyclopentadienyl ring. The PAO is comprised of at least 50 mole % of C3 to C24 alpha-olefins and has a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of 20 cSt or less.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with a catalyst composition comprising titanium-, zirconium- and/or hafnium amidinate complexes and/or titanium-, zirconium- and/or hafnium guanidinate complexes and organo aluminium and/or organic zinc compounds, a coordinative chain transfer polymerization (CCTP) process employing the catalyst composition as well as long chain aluminium alkyls and subsequent alcohols obtained by such process.

Abstract: A highly efficient method for the conversion of a natural product into the high density fuel RJ-4 with concomitant evolution of isobutylene for conversion to fuels and polymers, more specifically, embodiments of the invention relate to efficient methods for the conversion of the renewable, linear terpene alcohol, linalool into a drop-in, high density fuel suitable for ramjet or missile propulsion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system oil composition for crosshead diesel engines, the system oil composition having excellent heat resistance and being effective for improvement of fuel efficiency. More specifically, the present invention relates to a system oil composition for crosshead diesel engines in which the system oil composition includes a mineral oil and/or a synthetic oil as a base oil (A) and has a kinematic viscosity of at least 35 mm2/s at 50° C., a high-shear viscosity of at most 45 mPa·s at 50° C., and a high-shear viscosity of at least 15 mPa·s at 70° C.

Abstract: A process for the oligomerization of C6-C24 alpha-olefins to give a polyolefin product comprising at least 50 mole % of alphaolefin trimers. The process involves contacting two or more C6-C24 alpha-olefins with a catalyst in a solvent at a temperature below 120° C. and under reaction conditions sufficient to produce the alphaolefin trimers. The polyolefin product has a viscosity (Kv100) from 2 to 8 cSt at 100° C., and a viscosity index (VI) from 100 to 160. The polyolefin product comprises at least two alphaolefin trimers, each having a different total carbon number. The process further involves hydrogenating the polyolefin product to form a lubricating oil base stock. The lubricating oil base stock can be used in formulating lubricating oils. The lubricating oils are advantageous as engine oils that can improve engine fuel efficiency.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for converting hydrocarbons into products containing aldehydes and/or alcohols. The invention also relates to producing olefins from the aldehyde and alcohol, to polymerizing the olefins, and to equipment useful for these processes.

Abstract: Disclosed are processes for forming an oligomer product by contacting a feedstock olefin containing trisubstituted olefins with a solid acid catalyst. The oligomer product can be formed at an oligomerization temperature in a range from ?20° C. to 40° C. Polyalphaolefins produced from the oligomer product can have reduced viscosities at low temperatures.

Abstract: Provided are an ?-olefin copolymer useful as a high-viscosity lubricant oil excellent in viscosity characteristics, low-temperature characteristics and oxidation stability, and a lubricant oil containing the copolymer. The ?-olefin copolymer is a 1-octene/1-decene/1-dodecene ternary copolymer produced by the use of a doubly crosslinked metallocene catalyst.

Abstract: Provided are an ?-olefin copolymer useful as a high-viscosity lubricant oil excellent in viscosity characteristics, low-temperature characteristics and oxidation stability, and a lubricant oil containing the copolymer. The ?-olefin copolymer is a 1-decene/1-dodecene copolymer produced by the use of a doubly bridged metallocene catalyst.

Abstract: Provided herein are isoparaffins derived from hydrocarbon terpenes such as myrcene, ocimene and farnesene, and methods for making the same. In certain variations, the isoparaffins have utility as lubricant base stocks.

Abstract: Provided is a polyalphaolefin (PAO) fluid including a polymer of one or more C8 to C12 alphaolefin monomers. The PAO has a viscosity (Kv100) from 300 to 900 cSt at 100° C.; a viscosity index (VI) greater than 250; a pour point (PP) less than ?25° C.; a molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) less than 2.0 as synthesized; a residual unsaturation (Bromine Number) less than 2.0; and a glass transition temperature Tg less than ?60° C. The PAO also has no crystallization peak as measured by differential scanning calorimetry and high thermal stability. A process to make and use the PAOs, including those having any combination of characteristics above is also provided. The PAOs are useful as synthetic base stocks and co-base stocks in lubricating oils, e.g., industrial lubes.

Abstract: An ?-olefin oligomer having the following features (1) to (6), and a method for producing the ?-olefin oligomer using a particular double-crosslinked meso complex provide an ?-olefin oligomer that contains a smaller amount of a dimer component while having a low viscosity, not in accordance with the Schulz-Flory distribution, and a method for producing the same: (1) a trimer component proportion C3 (% by mass) that is larger than a theoretical value obtained from the S—F distribution, (2) a hexamer component proportion C6 (% by mass) that is smaller than a theoretical value obtained from the S—F distribution, (3) a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of 20 mm2/s or less, (4) a meso triad fraction [mm] measured by 13C-NMR of 40% by mol of less, (5) from 0.2 to 1.

Abstract: The present invention discloses processes for oligomerizing a monomer containing internal olefins using a solid acid catalyst. Illustrative monomers can contain at least 50 wt. % C6 to C24 internal olefins.

Abstract: A multi-purpose lubricant is described. In accordance with one implementation, a lubricant comprises food grade based oils substantially complying with USDA H-1 specifications for incidental contact with food, wherein at least one oil is selected from the group consisting of food grade plant oil, food grade poly-alpha-olefin, polyalkylene glycol, and mixtures thereof. In accordance with another implementation, a lubricant comprises canola oil, castor oil and a poly-alpha-olefin. In accordance with yet another implementation, a lubricant comprises canola oil, castor oil and a polyalkylene glycol. In accordance with yet another implementation, a lubricant comprises an oil substantially complying with USDA H-2 specification wherein the oil is at least one item selected from the group consisting of plant oil, poly-alpha-olefin, polyalkylene glycol, and mixtures thereof. In some implementations, the multi-purpose lubricant may be applied to areas of a bicycle chain.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel biosynthetic pathway for the production of isoprene from 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol or 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol. Further embodiments provide non-naturally occurring microorganism that have been modified to produce isoprene from 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol or 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol and methods of producing isoprene using said microorganism.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel biosynthetic pathway for the production of isoprene from 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol or 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol. Further embodiments provide non-naturally occurring microorganism that have been modified to produce isoprene from 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol or 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol and methods of producing isoprene using said microorganism.

Abstract: Provided herein are olefinic feedstocks derived from conjugated hydrocarbon terpenes (e.g., C10-C30 terpenes), methods for making the same, and methods for their use.

Abstract: The invention provides for methods, compositions and systems using bioisoprene derived from renewable carbon for production of a variety of hydrocarbon fuels and fuel additives.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to vinyl terminated macromer (VTM) based synthetic basestocks and their methods of preparation, lubricant compositions, methods of lubrication and products so lubricated. The VTM based synthetic basestocks useful for fuels and lubricants include oligomerization or polymerization products of one or more allylic vinyl terminated macromers (VTMs) having a molecular weight from 84 to 10080. The one or more allylic VTMs are oligomerized or polymerized in the presence of a catalyst under oligomerization or polymerization conditions sufficient to give the VTM based synthetic basestock. The catalyst can be a metallocene catalyst or an acid catalyst, e.g., Lewis acid. The one or more allylic vinyl terminated macromers (VTMs) can be one or more allylic vinyl terminated atactic polypropylene macromers (VTM aPP) having a molecular weight from 84 to 2250 and having a terminal allylic vinyl olefin content of at least 90%.

Abstract: We provide a base oil, comprising oligomerized olefins, wherein the base oil has: a) a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. greater than 10 mm2/s, b) a viscosity index from 25 to 90, and c) a pour point less than ?19° C.

Abstract: This disclosure provides for alpha olefin oligomers and polyalphaolefins (or PAOs) and methods of making the alpha olefin oligomers and PAOs. This disclosure encompasses metallocene-based alpha olefin oligomerization catalyst systems, including those that include at least one metallocene and an activator comprising a solid oxide chemically-treated with an electron withdrawing anion. The alpha olefin oligomers and PAOs prepared with these catalyst systems can have a high viscosity index combined with a low pour point, making them particularly useful in lubricant compositions and as viscosity modifiers.

Abstract: The invention features compositions and methods for producing polymers of isoprene derived from renewable resources such as isoprene produced from cultured cells that use renewable carbon sources. A starting isoprene composition, such as a bioisoprene composition, is distinguished from petroleum based isoprene by the purity profile (such as lower levels of certain C5 hydrocarbons other than isoprene, presence of certain compounds associated with the biological process for production) and the relative content of the carbon isotopes. Polymers obtained by polymerization of such starting isoprene composition according to this invention, such as a polyisoprene homopolymer or a copolymer having repeat units that are derived from isoprene, are distinguishable from isoprene containing polymers from petrochemical resources.

Abstract: The invention relates to an aqueous dispersion comprising microcapsules, the capsule wall of which is formed from radically polymerized monomers and the capsule core of which comprises at least one oil, in which the capsule core comprises at least one lipophilic surfactant and the continuous phase of the dispersion comprises at least one agrochemical. In addition, the invention relates to a process for the preparation of an aqueous dispersion by (i) providing an aqueous dispersion comprising microcapsules, the capsule wall of which is formed from radically polymerized monomers and the capsule core of which comprises at least one oil and at least one lipophilic surfactant (microcapsule crude dispersion), and (ii) mixing with at least one agrochemical.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a poly alpha olefin (PAO) composition formed in a first oligomerization, wherein at least portions of the PAO have properties that make them highly desirable for a subsequent oligomerization. A preferred process for producing this PAO uses a single site catalyst at high temperatures without adding hydrogen to produce a low viscosity PAO with excellent Noack volatility at high conversion rates. This PAO comprises a dimer product with at least 25 wt % tri-substituted vinylene olefins wherein said dimer product is highly desirable as a feedstock for a subsequent oligomerization. This PAO also comprises trimer and optionally higher oligomer products with outstanding properties that make these products useful as lubricant basestocks following hydrogenation.

Abstract: Poly alpha olefins (PAOs) are characterized by very low viscosity and excellent Noack volatility. A preferred process for synthesizing said PAOs involves first oligomerizing low molecular weight linear alpha olefins in the presence of a single site catalyst at high temperatures without adding hydrogen and then subsequently oligomerizing at least a portion of the product from the first step in the presence of an oligomerization catalyst.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a liquid syndiotactic polyalphaolefin, sPAO, comprising one or more C4 to C24 monomers, said sPAO having: a) an rr triad content of 5 to 50% as measured by 13C NMR; b) an mr triad content of 25 to 60% as measured by 13C NMR, where the mr to mm triad ratio is at least 1.0; c) a pour point of Z ° C. or less, where Z=0.0648X?51.2, where X=kinematic viscosity at 100° C. as reported in centistokes (cSt); d) a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of 100 cSt or more (alternatively 200 cSt or more); e) a ratio of mr triads to rr triad (as determined by 13C NMR) of less than 9; f) a ratio of vinylidene to 1,2-disubstituted olefins (as determined by 1H NMR) of less than 8; g) a viscosity index of 120 or more; and h) an Mn of 40,000 or less. This disclosure further relates to processes to make and use sPAOs, including those having any combination of characteristics a) to h).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a low viscosity lubricant process, product, and composition characterized by low Noack volatility, low pour point, useful low temperature viscometrics, and high viscosity index and more particularly concerns a PAO composition having a kinetic viscosity at 100° C. in the range of about 4 cSt.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a low viscosity lubricant process, product, and composition characterized by low Noack volatility, low pour point, useful low temperature viscometrics, and high viscosity index and more particularly concerns a PAO composition having a kinetic viscosity at 100° C. in the range of about 4 cSt.

Abstract: A process for the oligomerization of C6-C24 alpha-olefins to give a polyolefin product comprising at least 50 mole % of alphaolefin trimers. The process involves contacting two or more C6-C24 alpha-olefins with a catalyst in a solvent at a temperature below 120° C. and under reaction conditions sufficient to produce the alphaolefin trimers. The polyolefin product has a viscosity (Kv100) from 2 to 8 cSt at 100° C., and a viscosity index (VI) from 100 to 160. The polyolefin product comprises at least two alphaolefin trimers, each having a different total carbon number. The process further involves hydrogenating the polyolefin product to form a lubricating oil base stock. The lubricating oil base stock can be used in formulating lubricating oils. The lubricating oils are advantageous as engine oils that can improve engine fuel efficiency.

Abstract: It has been found that certain cells in culture can convert more than about 0.002 percent of the carbon available in the cell culture medium into isoprene. These cells have a heterologous nucleic acid that (i) encodes an isoprene synthase polypeptide and (ii) is operably linked to a promoter. The isoprene produced in such a cultured medium can then be recovered and polymerized into synthetic rubbers and other useful polymeric materials. The synthetic isoprene containing polymers of this invention offer the benefit of being verifiable as to being derived from non-petrochemical based resources. They can also be analytically distinguished from rubbers that come from natural sources. The present invention more specifically discloses a polyisoprene polymer which is comprised of repeat units that are derived from isoprene monomer, wherein the polyisoprene polymer has ?13C value of greater than ?22‰.

Abstract: The invention is directed to polyalphaolefins (PAOs) and processes for forming PAOs. In one embodiment, the invention is to a process for forming a PAO comprising polymerizing C8-C12 ?-olefin monomers in the presence of hydrogen, a C8-C12 saturated hydrocarbon, e.g., a C8-C12 saturated straight-chain hydrocarbon, and a catalyst system in a reaction vessel, wherein the C8-C12 saturated straight-chain hydrocarbon has about the same number of carbon atoms as the C8-C12 ?-olefin monomers. The C8-C12 saturated straight-chain hydrocarbon optionally is derived from a crude PAO product formed by the process of the invention. The invention is also directed to reaction systems for performing the processes of the invention, to processes for controlling PAO viscosity based on residence time, and to the removal of spent catalyst using a solid adsorbent particles.

Abstract: An oligomer of alpha olefin is produced in a three step process comprising 1) oligomerization to a vinylidene, 2) hydroformylation to a primary alcohol, and 3) dimerization of the alcohol. The final product can be hydrogenated to form a branched alkane with improved lubricating oil properties.

Abstract: An overbased salt of an oligomerized alkylhydroxyaromatic compound for use in a lubricating oil composition is disclosed, wherein the alkyl group of the alkylhydroxyaromatic compound is derived from an olefin mixture comprising propylene oligomers having an initial boiling point of at least about 195° C. and a final boiling point of greater than 325° C. and up to about 400° C. as measured by ASTM D86. Also disclosed is a propylene oligomer having an initial boiling point of at least about 195° C. and a final boiling point of greater than 325° C. and up to about 400° C. as measured by ASTM D8, wherein the propylene oligomer contains a distribution of carbon atoms that comprise at least about 50 weight percent of C14 to C20 carbon atoms.

Abstract: An overbased salt of an oligomerized alkylhydroxyaromatic compound for use in a lubricating oil composition is disclosed, wherein the alkyl group of the alkylhydroxyaromatic compound is derived from an olefin mixture comprising propylene oligomers having an initial boiling point of at least about 195° C. and a final boiling point of greater than 325° C. and up to about 400° C. as measured by ASTM D86. Also disclosed is a propylene oligomer having an initial boiling point of at least about 195° C. and a final boiling point of greater than 325° C. and up to about 400° C. as measured by ASTM D8, wherein the propylene oligomer contains a distribution of carbon atoms that comprise at least about 50 weight percent of C14 to C20 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of isoalkane mixtures for reducing or minimizing the dust emission during the handling of pulverulent construction chemistry products, a process for the preparation of the pulverulent construction chemistry products, and hydraulically setting materials comprising the isoalkane mixtures according to the invention.

Abstract: A medium oil to be used for a synthesis reaction in a slurry-bed reaction procedure. The medium oil has as a main component, a branched, saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon having 16 to 50 carbon atoms, 1 to 7 tertiary carbon atoms, 0 quaternary carbon atoms, and 1 to 16 carbon atoms in the branched chains bonded to the tertiary carbon atoms; and at least one of the tertiary carbon atoms is bonded to hydrocarbon chains with a chain length having 4 or more carbon atoms in three directions, wherein the synthesis reaction in the slurry-bed reaction procedure comprises producing an oxygen-containing organic compound from a raw gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a synthetic predominantly single carbon number hydrocarbon fluid comprises the steps of: contacting an alpha olefin having a carbon number of 4 to 30 with a single site catalyst under conditions effective to produce reactive hydrocarbon oligomers that contain reactive double bonds and comprising predominantly dimers, trimers, and tetramers wherein at least 10 weight percent of such reactive hydrocarbon oligomers at least one of trimers and tetramers; separating at least one of said trimers and tetramers in said reactive hydrocarbon oligomers; dimerizing said separated one of said trimers tetramers by contacting said separated one of said trimers or tetramers with a dimerization catalyst thereby producing an unsaturated synthetic hydrocarbon fluid; and contacting said unsaturated synthetic hydrocarbon fluid with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst thereby producing a synthetic hydrocarbon fluid having predominantly single carbon number.

Abstract: The invention relates to a continuous process for preparing polyolefins having a bimodal or multimodal molar mass distribution in suspension in at least two reactors R1, R2.x, R3.y which are connected in series and in which different reaction conditions are set. In this process, the offgases A1, A2.x, A3.y, A4 and A5 leaving all the reactors connected in series are firstly collected, the collected offgases are then compressed in a compression stage 10, the compressed offgases are subsequently cooled and the cooled material is separated into a gaseous fraction and a liquid fraction. The separated fractions are then recirculated to the polymerization process at different points. The process of the invention allows the total conversion of the polymerization, based on monomer and comonomer used, to be increased to a surprising extent.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a class of membrane active polymers useful for cellular delivery of compounds. Conjugation of the described membrane active polymers to targeting, anti-opsonization, and anti-aggregation agents provides polymers suitable for in vivo delivery. The use of multiple reversible linkages connecting component parts provides for physiologically responsive activity modulation.

Abstract: Provided is a base oil, comprising one or more oligomerized olefins, wherein the base oil has: (d) a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. grater than 2.9 mm2/s; (e) a viscosity index from 25 to 90; and (f) a cloud point less than ?55° C. Provided is a base oil made by oligomerizing propylene in an ionic liquid catalyst, where the base oil has a viscosity index from 25 to 90 and the base oil is colorless. Provided is a base oil made by oligomerizing an olefin feed comprising propylene in an acidic alkyl-pyridinium chloroaluminate ionic liquid, wherein the base oil has a viscosity index from 25 to 90, and a cloud point less than ?55° C.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for forming a polyalphaolefin, the process comprising the step of polymerizing at least one C8-C12 monomer, preferably a decene such as 1-decene, in the presence of an aluminoxane, an activator and a metallocene to form the polyalphaolefin, wherein the molar ratio of the aluminoxane to the metallocene is less than 250:1. The invention also relates to a process for forming a polyalphaolefin having a desired kinematic viscosity from at least one monomer in the presence of an aluminoxane, an organoboron compound and a metallocene. The process comprises the steps of, inter alia, providing a correlation between (i) the molar ratio of the aluminoxane to at least one of the organoboron compound and the metallocene, and (ii) the kinematic viscosity of the polyalphaolefin to form polyalphaolefins having predictable viscosities.

Abstract: It has been found that certain cells in culture can convert more than about 0.002 percent of the carbon available in the cell culture medium into isoprene. These cells have a heterologous nucleic acid that (i) encodes an isoprene synthase polypeptide and (ii) is operably linked to a promoter. In some cases, these cells are cultured in a culture medium that includes a carbon source, such as, but not limited to, a carbohydrate, glycerol, glycerine, dihydroxyacetone, one-carbon source, oil, animal fat, animal oil, fatty acid, lipid, phospholipid, glycerolipid, monoglyceride, diglyceride, triglyceride, renewable carbon source, polypeptide (e.g., a microbial or plant protein or peptide), yeast extract, component from a yeast extract, or any combination of two or more of the foregoing. The isoprene produced in such a cultured medium can then be recovered and polymerized into synthetic rubbers and other useful polymeric materials.

Abstract: In oligomerizing alpha-olefins to produce poly alpha-olefins, the feedstock consists of nonene, or a blend of alpha-olefins comprising nonene. The nonene comprising alpha-olefin feedstock and at least one catalyst are subjected to oligomerization or polymerization conditions in a reactor. Following reaction, the mixture may be subjected to distillations to removed unreacted alpha-olefins and dimers of the alpha-olefins. The resulting product may also be hydrogenated. The final product may also be fractioned to recover at least two fractions of poly alpha-olefins of differing nominal viscosities.

Abstract: The invention relates to a polyalphaolefin formed from a decene and propene and having a branch level greater than 19% and to a process for forming such polyalphaolefins. The invention also relates to a process for forming a polyalphaolefin from at least two monomers, the two monomers comprising a decene and propene, the process comprising the steps of, inter alia, providing a correlation between the total amount of propene used to form the polyalphaolefin and at least one of branch level or viscosity of the polyalphaolefin to make polyalphaolefins comprising decene and propene with predictable branch levels and viscosities.

Abstract: The invention is directed to polyalphaolefins (PAOs) and processes for forming PAOs. In one embodiment, the invention is to a process for forming a PAO comprising polymerizing C8-C12 ?-olefin monomers in the presence of hydrogen, a C8-C12 saturated hydrocarbon, e.g., a C8-C12 saturated straight-chain hydrocarbon, and a catalyst system in a reaction vessel, wherein the C8-C12 saturated straight-chain hydrocarbon has about the same number of carbon atoms as the C8-C12 ?-olefin monomers. The C8-C12 saturated straight-chain hydrocarbon optionally is derived from a crude PAO product formed by the process of the invention. The invention is also directed to reaction systems for performing the processes of the invention, to processes for controlling PAO viscosity based on residence time, and to the removal of spent catalyst using a solid adsorbent particles.

Abstract: This disclosure provides for olefin wax oligomer compositions, methods of producing olefin wax oligomer composition, and methods for oligomerizing olefin waxes. This disclosure encompasses metallocene-based olefin wax oligomerization catalyst systems, including those that include a metallocene and an aluminoxane, a metallocene and a solid oxide chemically-treated with an electron withdrawing anion, and a metallocene, a solid oxide chemically-treated with an electron withdrawing anion, and an organoaluminum compound. The olefin wax oligomers prepared with these catalyst systems can decreased needle penetrations, increased viscosity, and an increased drop melt, making them useful as an additive in candles, stone polishes, liquid polishes, and mold release formulations.

Abstract: We provide a base oil, comprising one or more oligomerized olefins, wherein the base oil has: d. a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. greater than 2.9 mm2/s; d. a viscosity index from 25 to 90; and f. a cloud point less than ?55° C. We provide a base oil made by oligomerizing propylene in an ionic liquid catalyst, where the base oil has a viscosity index from 25 to 90 and the base oil is colorless. We also provide a base oil made by oligomerizing an olefin feed comprising propylene in an acidic alkyl-pyridinium chloroaluminate ionic liquid, wherein the base oil has a viscosity index at 100° C. greater than 2.9 mm2/s, a viscosity index from 25 to 90, and a cloud point less than ?55° C.

Abstract: Methods for dimerizing alpha-olefins utilizing immobilized buffered catalysts wherein the catalytic component is of the form (ligand)2-M-X2 where X is a halogen, M is selected from the group of Ti, Zr, and Hf and ligand is selected from the group consisting of cyclopentadienyl, substituted cyclopentadienyl, indenyl, and substituted indenyl, wherein the two ligands may be the same or different compound are provided.