Abstract: The oligomerization of olefins to give lube oil range products can be improved by the use of a catalyst containing a Group IIIA metal and one or more metals from Group IV.

Abstract: A mixture of predominantly low molecular weight alpha olefins may be oligomerized over a boron trifluoride catalyst and a protonic promoter. When the oligomers are hydrogenated they provide a synthetic lubricant base stock having excellent properties. The alpha olefins may be derived from ethylene polymerization or wax pyrolysis. An inert organic solvent may be present. Preferably, the olefin mixture is made up of greater than 50 weight weight percent of at least one low molecular weight alpha olefin having 4 to 6 carbon atoms and less than 50 weight percent of at least one higher molecular weight alpha olefin having 8 to 18 carbon atoms.

Abstract: An improved process for the manufacture of synthetic lubricant additives from internal olefins is described. The process utilizes boron trifluoride catalysis with a promoter to produce oligomer mixtures that have surprisingly low viscosities at low temperatures and surprisingly high viscosity indexes as compared with the oligomers found in other methods. It is important that internal olefins be used almost exclusively in the method of this invention.

Abstract: The oligomerization of alpha-olefins to produce lube oil range oligomers is made more efficient with Group VB metal chlorides as catalysts.

Abstract: Novel feedstocks for the production of synthetic lubricant base oils are described. The feedstock is a blend of internal and alpha olefins with the internal olefins comprising more than 50 but less than 99 weight percent of the blend. The alpha olefins may be derived from ethylene polymerization or wax pyrolysis. The olefins may be oligomerized over a boron trifluoride catalyst and a promoter. When the oligomers are hydrogenated they provide a synthetic lubricant base stock having excellent properties.

Abstract: A synthetic lubricating oil composition comprising a major portion of a synthetic lubricant component or a mixture of a synthetic lubricant component and a hydrocarbon mineral base oil and a minor portion of various additive components is described. The synthetic lubricant component is manufactured from internal olefins.The process for making the synthetic lubricant component utilizes boron trifluoride catalysis with a promoter to produce oligomer mixtures that have surprisingly low viscosities at low temperatures and surprisingly high viscosity indexes as compared with the oligomers found in other methods. It is important that internal olefins be used predominantly to make the oligomers. Alpha olefins make up the balance of the olefins.

Abstract: Alpha olefins may be oligomerized over a boron trifluoride catalyst and a protonic promoter, and then held at a temperature between 60.degree. and 150.degree. C. to increase the molecular weight of the oligomers. When the oligomers are hydrogenated they provide a synthetic lubricant base stock having excellent properties. The alpha olefins may be derived from ethylene polymerization or wax pyrolysis. An inert organic solvent may be present.

Abstract: An improved process for the manufacture of synthetic lubricant additives from olefins having two or three carbon atoms is described. The low molecular weight olefins are converted to internal olefins having 9 to 24 carbon atoms via isomerization and disproportionation. The process utilizes boron trifluoride catalysis with a promoter to produce from the C.sub.9 -C.sub.24 internal olefins oligomer mixtures that have surprisingly low viscosities at low temperatures and surprisingly high viscosity indexes as compared with the oligomers found in other methods. It is important that internal olefins be used almost exclusively in the second step of the method of this invention.

Abstract: A method for oligomerizing olefins in the presence of boron trifluoride and a co-catalyst comprising a heterogeneous cationic ion exchange resin catalyst is described. While the resin catalyst cannot oligomerize olefins by itself at temperatures around 75.degree.-85.degree. C., when used together with boron trifluoride an oligomer mixture may be created which has improved properties over oligomers made over only boron trifluoride. If a resin catalyst is used, a protonic promoter is not required.

Abstract: Alpha olefins may be oligomerized over a boron trifluoride catalyst and a promoter containing a transition metal cation. When the oligomers are hydrogenated they provide a synthetic lubricant base stock having excellent properties. The alpha olefins may be derived from ethylene polymerization or wax pyrolysis. A protonic promoter and an inert organic solvent may be present.

Abstract: Novel chroman derivatives ##STR1## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each H or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, R.sup.5 is sec.--C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 --alkyl or tert.--C.sub.4 -C.sub.8 --alkyl, R.sup.6 is H or R.sup.5, m is 1, 2 or 3, and n is 0, 1, 2 or 3, a process for the preparation of these compounds, and their use as stabilizers for plastics.

Abstract: A synthetic hydrocarbon fluid is prepared by oligomerizing an olefin reactant in the presence of a catalyst prepared by reacting tungsten hexafluoride and water at a moderate temperature. For example, 1-butene is oligomerized at a temperature of about 40.degree. C. in the presence of a catalyst obtained by reacting tungsten hexafluoride and water in a four to one mol ratio. The liquid oligomer product is then hydrogenated to remove residual unsaturation.

Abstract: Reaction products prepared by reacting(a) interpolymers of ethylene, one or more C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 .alpha.-monoolefins, and one or more polyenes selected from non-conjugated dienes and trienes, with(b) one or more olefinic carboxylic acid acylating agents to form an acylating reaction intermediate which is further reacted with(c) an amine,are disclosed. These reaction products have been found useful as multi-functional additives to a variety of lubricating oils for enhancing their dispersancy as well as improving their viscosity-temperature relationship.

Abstract: Internal olefins such as those obtained from a disproportionation of 1-olefins like 1-decene are dimerized over a promoted boron trifluoride catalyst to yield oils useful as lubricant basestock.

Abstract: In a central system fluid composition comprising (1) 70 to 95% by weight of a hydrocarbon base oil and (2) 5 to 30% by weight of a viscosity index improver, the improvement wherein said hydrocarbon base oil (1) comprises (a) 25% by weight to less than 50% by weight, based on the weight of the hydrocarbon base oil (1), of an oligomer of 1-decene having an average molecular weight of 200 to 600 and (b) more than 50% by weight to 75% by weight of a petroleum lubricating oil fraction, and said viscosity index improver (2) is a polymethacrylate having a viscosity average molecular weight of 10,000 to 700,000 obtained by polymerizing at least one ester of a saturated monohydric aliphatic alcohol having 1 to 18 carbon atoms with methacrylic acid.

Abstract: A mixed olefin feedstock obtained from disproportionating C.sub.8 -C.sub.10 1-olefins can be used as such, i.e. without removal of 1-olefins in a boron trifluoride catalyzed dimerization step to produce synthetic lubricating oils. The results achieved are as good as those achieved using a feedstock from which the undisproportionated 1-olefins have been removed so that this feedstock contains only internal olefins for the dimerization.

Abstract: A low viscosity synthetic lubricant is prepared by polymerizing 1-butene to an oligomer containing a number average of about 8 to 18 carbon atoms and copolymerizing the oligomer with an alpha-monoolefin having 8 to 18 carbon atoms to produce a copolymer having an average of about 20 to 40 carbon atoms. Both polymerization reactions are catalyzed by a combination of boron trifluoride and a proton donor promoter. The synthetic lubricant is preferably stripped to remove lower boiling components, such as oligomers having 20 carbon atoms or less, and optionally hydrogenated for improved stability.

Abstract: Poly-alpha-olefin oils having high flash points useful as heat transfer fluids in solar and industrial applications.

Abstract: Hydrogenated dimers of C.sub.12-18 alpha olefins (e.g. 1-tetradecene) made using a Friedel-Crafts catalyst (e.g. BF.sub.3 promoted with water) have low pour points, low volatility and viscosities which make them suitable as crankcase lubricants for internal combustion engines.

Abstract: A cosmetic base material which consists of a synthetic saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon having 24 to 36 carbon atoms, wherein the proton ratio of methyl group to methylene group, that is, CH.sub.3 /CH.sub.2, within the hydrocarbon chain is in the range of from 0.25 to 0.6 and the pour point is in the range of from -55.degree. C. to 10.degree. C.

Abstract: Synthetic hydrocarbon oils having excellent viscosity index and pour point combinations. They are made by a process involving the copolymerization of propylene or propylene plus higher 1-olefins with small amounts of ethylene.

Abstract: A synthetic lubricating composition is provided comprising a major proportion of a base oil and a minor proportion of a plurality of additives, added for the purpose of substantially improving properties of such composition other than viscosity index. The base oil comprises (1) a mixture of at least two fatty acid esters of specified characteristics with regard to viscosity and (2) a hydrogenated oligomer of an alpha olefin of 6 to 12 carbon atoms. The resulting blend of base oil and additives has a viscosity index which differs from that of the base oil by no more than 20.

Abstract: Synthetic esters or mixtures thereof, containing a free hydroxyl group in the molecule, are useful as lubricants for internal combustion engines, preferably in combination with synthetic hydrocarbon fluids. The composition, when used to lubricate an internal combustion engine, reduces the fuel consumed by such engine.

Abstract: A process for making a low viscosity, low volatility .alpha.-olefin oligomer suitable for use as a functional fluid or lubricating oil comprising dimerizing a C.sub.6-12 .alpha.-olefin, reacting the resultant dimer with a C.sub.6-18 .alpha.-olefin in the presence of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst, distilling out volatile components and hydrogenating the residual product.

Abstract: The invention relates to a synthesis process for preparing lubricating oils, according to which a n-olefin cut is subjected to catalytic autocondensation, under controlled conditions, and the reaction mixture is distilled, the bottom product, possibly stabilized to eliminate unsaturations, being the desired lubricating oil having outstanding properties of viscosity index and pour point.

Abstract: Isobutene polymers having a mean degree of polymerization P of from 10 to 100 and a proportion E of double bonds, capable of reaction with maleic anhydride, of from 60 to 90%, where E=100% corresponds to the calculated theoretical value for the case where each molecule of the isobutene polymer contains such a reactive double bond.