Abstract: Apparatuses, systems and methods for separating highly pure unsaturated olefinic hydrocarbon stream with zero cooling water and or steam consumption, with minimum possible capital investment and uncompromised operational ease are disclosed herein from a mixture of hydrocarbon stream consisting of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Embodiments of the invention are directed to producing a hydrocarbon stream containing polymer, chemical grade ethylene, propylene, butylenes, isoprene, hexane stream which are of value in manufacturing chemicals, polymers, and rubbers. Embodiments of the process provided can be applied to concentrating ethylene, propylene, butylenes, cyclopentadiene, isoprene, 2 methyl butene-2, isopentane, hexene etc.

Abstract: A process for hydrogenating olefins is disclosed. The olefins are present in a feed gas which includes H2 and one or more sulfur compounds. The sulfur compounds may include H2S and organic sulfur compounds. The feed gas is passed through a reactor at an inlet temperature from 100° C. to 250° C. The reactor contains a catalyst which is active at the inlet temperature. The reactor may be adiabatic. Saturated hydrocarbons are formed from the olefins. A temperature gradient may be formed in the reactor due to the exothermic nature of the hydrogenation reaction, causing the temperature to increase downstream in the reactor. At temperatures higher than the inlet temperature, H2S may be formed from organic sulfur compounds. A gas mixture including saturated hydrocarbons, H2S and H2 exits the reactor and may be brought into contact with a chemical adsorbent which removes the H2S. The gas stream may then be passed to a steam methane reformer.

Abstract: A method for purification of ethylene-containing feedstreams from steam crackers or fluid catalytic crackers (FCC), wherein the feedstreams further comprises hydrogen, carbon monoxide, acetylenes, oxygen, nitric oxides, is disclosed. The method comprises contacting an ethylene-comprising gas stream with a Ru-based catalyst at reaction temperatures of at least 120°C. The process results in an ethylene-containing feedstream wherein the ethylene is essentially free of acetylenes, nitric oxides and oxygen. The purifying of the feedstream occurs with minimal loss of ethylene.

Abstract: A C4-olefin mixture having a 1,3-butadiene content of from 100 to 500 ppm and a content of 1,2-dienes of less than 10 ppm is described. The present invention further provides a process for preparing this C4-olefin mixture and provides for its use in a metathesis reaction for preparing 2-pentene and/or 3-hexene.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and reactor system for hydrogenating acetylenes present in the olefin stream derived from the following streams, alone or in combination: petroleum catalytic cracking process and/or oxygenate-to-olefin reactor, such as methanol-to-olefin (MTO) reactor, in an olefin production plant before the distillation steps, wherein the acetylene hydrogenation occurs before or just after the acid gas removal step.

Abstract: A method to generate a ternary carburizing gas mixture, using a reaction of selective hydrogenation of acetylene in a stream of hydrocarbons to the form of ethylene, comprising the following steps: heating of the inside of the reactor with an inert gas to an operating temperature for a period of 20 minutes at a temperature of 300° K, passing a mixture of hydrogen and acetylene by the regiospecific catalyst, and moving out the reaction products on the outside after passing the mixture through the regiospecific catalyst, but generation is effected in a continuous mode in the operating temperature range of the regiospecific catalyst between 293° K and 398° K, preferably at a temperature of 350° K.

Abstract: A process for the selective hydrogenation of dienes and acetylenes in a mixed hydrocarbon stream from a pyrolysis steam cracker in which a front end a one step acetylene hydrogenation is carried out using catalyst comprising (A) 1 to 30 wt. % based on the total weight of the catalyst of a catalytic component of nickel only or nickel and one or more elements selected from the group consisting of copper, rhenium, palladium, zinc, gold, silver, magnesium, molybdenum, calcium and bismuth deposited on (B) a support having the a BET surface area of from 1 to about 100 m2/gram, total nitrogen pore volume of from 0.2 to about 0.9 cc/gram and an average pore diameter of from about 110 to 450 ? under conditions of temperature and pressure to selectively hydrogenate acetylenes and dienes. The process hydrogenates the dienes and acetylenes to olefins without loss of ethylene and propylene in the light and heavy products which eliminates the need for further processing of the heavier stream.

Abstract: According to the invention, trace olefins and dienes are removed from aromatic plant feedstocks by contacting the catalyst using conditions outside the ordinary range used for this application today.

Abstract: A method for the absorption of alkynes and diolefins from an ethylene or propylene containing stream with conversion to alkenes by catalytic hydrogenation in a solvent over a fixed bed comprising a supported catalyst.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing 1-butenic fractions having less than 2000 ppm of isobutene in relation to 1-butene from technical mixtures of C4 hydrocarbons I which contain at least 1-butene and 2000 ppmw to 8% by mass of isobutene based on the 1-butene, with or without n-butane, isobutane and/or 2-butenes.

Abstract: High temperature treatment of graphite nanofibers to increase their catalytic activity. The heat treated graphite nanofiber catalysts are suitable for catalyzing chemical reactions such as oxidation, hydrogenation, oxidative-dehydrogenation, and dehydrogenation.

Abstract: A process and catalyst for the liquid phase selective hydrogenation of alkynes to alkenes with high selectivity to alkenes relative to alkanes, high alkyne conversion, and sustained catalytic activity comprising a reactant comprising an alkyne and a non-hydrocarbon solvent/absorbent, contacting the reactant stream with a hydrogen-containing stream in the presence of a supported, promoted, Group VIII catalyst, removing the solvent/absorbent, and recovering the alkene product.

Abstract: A process for the selective hydrogenation of diolefinic compounds to mono-olefinic compounds uses a catalyst composition comprising at least one salt of a transition metal from groups IB, IIB, VB, VIB, VIIB and VIII of the periodic table, at least one ligand and at least one organometallic reducing agent, optionally in the presence of a non-aqueous ionic liquid selected from the group formed by liquid salts with general formula Q+A? (in which Q+ represents a quaternary ammonium and/or quaternary phosphonium and A? represents any anion which can form a liquid salt below 90° C.).

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the selective hydrogenation of alkynes and dienes in C2-C5+-olefin mixtures,—in C2- or C3-streams of the olefin preparation by cracking. The method comprises conducting the hydrogenation in the presence of a catalyst particle comprising (a) a metal of the tenth group of the Periodic Table, (b) a metal of the eleventh group of the Periodic Table and (c) optionally a compound of a metal of the first or second group of the Periodic Table. Components (a) and (b), and optionally (c), are applied to a support selected from the group consisting of silica, titanium dioxide, zirconium oxides, spinels, zinc aluminates, zinc titanate, aluminosilicates and mixtures thereof. The metal of the eleventh group is distributed homogeneously over the cross-section of the catalyst particle, and the metal of the tenth group is present in an edge layer close to the surface of the catalyst particle.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the hydrotreatment of an olefinic gasoline comprising at least one selective hydrogenation stage, and generally of simultaneous conversion of mercaptans by weight increase, in which the makeup hydrogen used in this stage or these stages has a reduced CO+CO2 content, preferably comprised between 5 and 200 ppmv. Most often, the CO content is comprised between 1 and 20 ppmv. The process typically makes it possible to hydrorefine an olefinic gasoline by more or less eliminating the diolefins and sulphur compounds.

Abstract: A selective hydrogenation catalyst composition comprises at least two different metal components selected from Groups 8 to 10 of the Periodic Table of Elements, one of which may be rhodium, and at least one metal component selected from Group 13 of the Periodic Table of Elements, such as indium.

Abstract: A selective hydrogenation catalyst composition comprises a support; a first metal component comprising rhodium; and a second metal component comprising a metal other than rhodium and selected from Groups 1 to 15 of the Periodic Table of Elements, wherein said first and second components are predominantly contained in an outer surface layer of the support having a depth of not more than 1000 microns.

Abstract: A process and catalyst for the liquid phase selective hydrogenation of alkynes to alkenes with high selectivity to alkenes relative to alkanes, high alkyne conversion, and sustained catalytic activity comprising a reactant comprising an alkyne and a non-hydrocarbon solvent/absorbent, contacting the reactant stream with a hydrogen-containing stream in the presence of a supported, promoted, Group VIII catalyst, removing the solvent/absorbent, and recovering the alkene product.

Abstract: Acetylenes and dienes in a stream containing hydrogen, methane, C2-C6 olefins and paraffins, C2-C6 acetylenes and dienes, benzene, toluene, xylenes, and other C6+ components are hydrogenated in a downflow boiling point reactor wherein the heat of reaction is absorbed by the liquid in the reactor which produces a vapor. Besides the feed to the reactor there is a recirculating stream which is fed at a rate sufficient to ensure that the catalyst particles within the reactor are wetted. A third stream, which is provided from a second downstream liquid/vapor separator from partially condensed vapor from the first downstream liquid/vapor separator corresponding to the mass evaporated in the reactor, is fed to the reactor. The composition of the third stream controls the steady state composition of the liquid flowing through the reactor.

Abstract: In a process for reducing the Bromine Index of a feed containing a linear alkylbenzene and bromine-reactive olefinic hydrocarbon contaminants, the feed is contacted under conditions effective to remove bromine-reactive olefinic hydrocarbon contaminants with a catalyst comprising zeolite Y catalyst having an alpha value of about 2 to about 30. The feed will normally also contain benzene and linear paraffin remaining from the alkylation process used to produce the linear alkylbenzene.

Abstract: Acetylenes and dienes in a stream containing hydrogen, methane, C2-C6 olefins and paraffins, C2-C6 acetylenes and dienes, benzene, toluene, xylenes, and other C6+ components are hydrogenated in a downflow boiling point reactor wherein the heat of reaction is absorbed by the liquid in the reactor which produces a vapor. Besides the feed to the reactor there is a recirculating stream which is fed at a rate sufficient to ensure that the catalyst particles within the reactor are wetted. A third stream, which is taken from a downstream distillation column, is fed to provide the make up mass corresponding to the mass evaporated in the reactor. The composition of the this third stream controls the steady state composition of the liquid flowing through the reactor.

Abstract: A process for removing acetylenic compounds using unsulfided metallic nickel or unsulfided metallic nickel modified with metallic Mo, Re, Bi or mixtures in which the catalyst is used alone or is used in combination with other acetylenic selective catalysts. The unsulfided metallic nickel catalyst or modified catalyst must be the first catalyst to contact the hydrocarbon stream.

Abstract: A catalyst composition comprising palladium, silver and a support material (preferably alumina) is contacted with a liquid composition comprising an iodide component such as ammonium iodide, and the catalyst is then calcined. An improved process for hydrogenation, especially selectively hydrogenating acetylene (to ethylene), using this improved catalyst composition with improved conversion and deactivation.

Abstract: A process for the selective hydrogenation of dienes in mixed streams of olefin containing hydrocarbons, such as butadiene in a mixed C4 stream with minimum loss of monoolefins is disclosed wherein the reactor is operated at conditions which induce pulse flow. The pulse flow is induced in a downflow boiling point reactor by vaporization of a portion of the liquid feed at proper conditions.

Abstract: In some embodiments, methods of producing monoolefins include contacting an olefin stream with a polar solvent to extract a highly unsaturated hydrocarbon from the olefin stream, followed by contacting the polar solvent with a hydrogenation catalyst in the presence of hydrogen at conditions effective to hydrogenate the highly unsaturated hydrocarbon to a monoolefin. The monoolefin then desorbs from the polar solvent and enters the purified olefin stream, allowing the polar solvent to be recycled. In other embodiments, monoolefin production systems include an extraction-hydrogenation zone for performing the extraction and hydrogenating steps in situ. In alternative embodiments, the hydrogenation zone is disposed downstream from the extraction zone.

Abstract: A process for the reduction of a phenylacetylene contaminant in the presence of a styrene monomer. A styrene monomer stream containing a minor amount of phenylacetylene is supplied to a hydrogenation reactor. A hydrogenation gas comprising hydrogen is also supplied to the hydrogenation reactor. The styrene monomer stream and the hydrogen are brought into contact with a catalyst bed containing a catalyst comprising a reduced copper compound on a theta alumina support. The hydrogenation reactor is operated at a temperature of at least 60° C. and a pressure of at least 30 psig to hydrogenate phenylacetylene to styrene. A product is recovered from the hydrogenation reactor having a substantially reduced phenylacetylene content and an enhanced styrene content. The hydrogenation gas comprises a mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen.

Abstract: A process for cracking an olefin-rich hydrocarbon feedstock which is selective towards light olefins in the effluent, the process comprising contacting a hydrocarbon feedstock containing olefins having a first composition of at least one olefinic component with a crystalline silicate catalyst to produce an effluent having a second composition of at least one olefinic component, the feedstock and the effluent having substantially the same olefin content by weight therein as the feedstock. A process for the cracking of olefins in a hydrocarbon feedstock containing at least one diene and at least one olefin, the process comprising hydrogenating the at least one diene to form at least one olefin in the presence of a transition metal-based hydrogenation catalyst at an inlet temperature of from 40 to 200° C.

Abstract: A method for forming dihydroDicyclopentadiene comprises mixing a source of dicyclopentadiene with at least one solvent and at least one reactive component in the presence of a source of hydrogen and a selective hydrogenation catalyst, the solvent and reactive component being readily separable from dihydroDicyclopentadiene, and the reactive component and catalyst favoring the formation of dihydroDicyclopentadiene over tetra hydro dicyclopentadiene.

Abstract: A process for the liquid phase selective hydrogenation of alkynes to alkenes with high selectivity to alkenes relative to alkanes, high alkyne conversion, and sustained catalytic activity comprising a reactant comprising an alkyne and a non-hydrocarbon solvent/absorbent, contacting the reactant stream with a hydrogen-containing stream in the presence of a supported, promoted, Group VIII catalyst, removing the solvent/absorbent, and recovering the alkene product.

Abstract: An improved selective hydrogenation process for removing acetylenic impurities such as vinyl acetylene, ethyl acetylene, propyl acetylene and acetylene in a steam cracked crude butadiene stream by selective hydrogenation is carried out in two steps. In the first step, the partial selective hydrogenation is carried out in a fixed bed with a copper based catalyst to have the ratio of vinyl acetylene to ethyl acetylene in a range of from 0 to about 1, preferably from about 0.01 to 0.6, in the product stream. In the second step, the selective hydrogenation of the remaining C4 acetylenic impurities is carried out to completion in the catalytic distillation mode using a palladium promoted copper catalyst, an improved palladium catalyst or a combination of these two.

Abstract: It has been discovered that a dual bed process using two different catalysts for the selective hydrogenation of acetylene and/or methyl acetylene (MA) and/or propadiene (PD) in a light olefin-rich feedstream can be accomplished with less selectivity to making oligomers (green oil) as compared with existing commercial technologies, if a low oligomers selectivity catalyst is used first in the process. A palladium catalyst may be used as a second, sequential catalyst to further hydrogenate acetylene and/or MAPD while consuming at least a portion of the balance of the hydrogen present. The first catalyst should be different from the second catalyst.

Abstract: A catalyst composition comprising an inorganic support material, a palladium component, a silver component, and a promoter component having the formula XYFn, wherein X is an alkaline metal, Y is an element selected from the group consisting of antimony, phosphorus, boron, aluminum, gallium, indium, thallium, and arsenic, and n is an integer which makes YFn a monovalent anion. The above-described catalyst is employed as a catalyst in the selective hydrogenation of acetylene. The above-described catalyst is made by incorporating a palladium component, a silver component, and a promoter component into an inorganic support material.

Abstract: A method for stabilizing pyrolysis gasoline by hydrogenating same over a Group VIII metal catalyst wherein the catalyst is promoted against poisoning by at least one metal from Groups I B, VI B, VII B, and zinc. Poisons preferentially bind with the promoters and not with the active catalytic metals.

Abstract: Acetylenes and dienes in a stream containing hydrogen, methane, C2-C6 olefins and paraffins, C2-C6 acetylenes and dienes, benzene, toluene, xylenes, and other C6+ components are hydrogenated in a downflow boiling point reactor wherein the heat of reaction is absorbed by the liquid in the reactor which produces a vapor. Besides the feed to the reactor there is a recirculating stream which is fed at a rate sufficient to ensure that the catalyst particles within the reactor are wetted. A third stream, which is taken from a downstream distillation column, is fed to provide the make up mass corresponding to the mass evaporated in the reactor. The composition of the this third stream controls the steady state composition of the liquid flowing through the reactor.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for selectively hydrogenating C2-C10 greater unsaturated hydrocarbons (acetylenes and diolefins) at the upstream side of a front depropanizer or front deethanizer in an olefin production plant. After passing through a mixed phase hydrogenation reactor to selectively hydrogenate, the olefin plant process stream passes to a front depropanizer or front deethanizer. The process according to the present invention is able to selectively hydrogenate C2-C10 greater unsaturated hydrocarbons (including acetylene), to reduce the number of equipments, the amount of equipment fouling and the energy consumption.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process of producing gasoline with a low sulphur content from a feedstock containing sulphur. This process comprises at least one step a1 of selectively hydrogenating the diolefins and acetylenic compounds, at least one separation of the gasoline (step b) obtained at step a1 into at least three fractions, at least one step c1 of treating the heavy gasoline separated at step b on a catalyst enabling the unsaturated sulphur compounds to be at least partially decomposed or hydrogenated and at least one step d to remove the sulphur and nitrogen from at least one intermediate fraction, followed by catalytic reforming.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the hydrogenation of phenyl acetylene in a styrene-containing medium with the aid of a supported nickel catalyst with a nickel content of 10-25 wt. %. This process is by preference used for the hydrogenation of phenyl acetylene in a styrene-containing medium which contains more that 30 wt. % of styrene.

Abstract: A process for treatment of a batch with four carbon atoms that contains diene compounds and a minor portion of acetylene compounds is described. A portion of the fluid that circulates in a distillation zone that is enriched with acetylene compounds is drawn off laterally, preferably in the drainage zone, and a selective hydrogenation stage is carried out in a hydrogenation zone that is outside the distillation zone. The hydrogenation effluent that is produced is recycled in the rectification zone. A C4 fraction that comprises butadiene and that is low in acetylene compounds is recovered at the top, and a C5 fraction that is enriched with oligomers is recovered at the bottom.

Abstract: An improved selective hydrogenation process for removing acetylenic impurities such as vinyl acetylene, ethyl acetylene, propyl acetylene and acetylene in a steam cracked crude butadiene stream by selective hydrogenation is carried out in two steps. In the first step, the partial selective hydrogenation is carried out in a fixed bed with a copper-based catalyst to have the ratio of vinyl acetylene to ethyl acetylene in a range of from 0 to about 1, preferably from about 0.01 to 0.6, in the product stream. In the second step, the selective hydrogenation of the remaining C4 acetylenic impurities is carried out to completion in the catalytic distillation mode using a palladium promoted copper catalyst, an improved palladium catalyst or a combination of these two.

Abstract: Acetylenic compounds in olefin streams such as mixed 1,3-butadiene were selectively hydrogenated over the supported copper catalysts on highly porous supports such as alumina, silica, etc. The preferred supports have the average pore diameter larger than about 200 Å, no micro pores, total pore volume larger than about 0.65 cc/g, and preferably less than about 230 m2/g BET surface area. The copper catalysts were preferably promoted with the Group VIII metal such as palladium to improve low activity of copper catalyst. The product stream typically contains less than 20 ppm total alkynes. Also the copper catalysts and the palladium promoted copper catalysts may be modified with zinc oxide to improve the performance of the catalysts. The reactor was loaded with two or more copper catalysts promoted with different levels of palladium.

Abstract: A process for removing acetylenic compounds using unsulfided metallic nickel or unsulfided metallic nickel modified with metallic Mo, Re, Bi or mixtures in which the catalyst is used alone or is used in combination with other acetylenic selective catalysts. The unsulfided metallic nickel catalyst or modified catalyst must be the first catalyst to contact the hydrocarbon stream.

Abstract: A process is disclosed which provides for the reduction of phenylacetylene levels in styrene monomer feedstreams, which process utilizes a normal styrene inhibitor additive, such as an hydroxylamine, injected into the styrene monomer feedstream immediately upstream of the phenylacetylene reduction reactor.

Abstract: A catalyst composition comprising palladium, silver and a support material (preferably alumina) is contacted with a liquid composition comprising an iodide component such as ammonium iodide, and the catalyst is then calcined. An improved process for hydrogenation, especially selectively hydrogenating acetylene (to ethylene), using this improved catalyst composition with improved conversion and deactivation.

Abstract: Presented is an improvement to a previous invention involving the catalytic hydrogenation of the C2 to C5 and heavier acetylenes and dienes in a thermally cracked feed stream without significantly hydrogenating the C2 and C3 olefins. The improvement involves the use of a fixed bed hydrogenation reactor system in combination with a modified version of the catalytic distillation unit used in the prior art. The modification to the catalytic distillation unit involves improvement of the liquid recycle scheme. The fixed bed reactors combined with the modified catalytic distillation allows for 100% conversion of acetylene and helps to maintain high conversion of the other dienes and acetylenes with no ethylene or propylene conversion under a variety of conditions. These condition variations include but are not limited to the feed diene and acetylene composition, the mol % carbon monoxide in the feed, and catalyst deactivation.

Abstract: In a selective hydrogenation process in which highly unsaturated hydrocarbons such as diolefins and/or alkynes are contacted with catalyst compositions containing palladium, an inorganic support and, optionally, a component silver or alkali metal fluoride in the presence of hydrogen to produce less unsaturated hydrocarbons such as monoolefins the catalyst is contacted with a fluid containing sulfur.

Abstract: A process for selective hydrogenation of a C2 and C3 olefinic feed stream containing acetylenic and diolefinic impurities whereby the acetylenes and diolefins impurities are selectively hydrogenated concurrently in a vapor phase process without first separating the C2 and C3 olefinic gases into separate feed stream.

Abstract: In a catalyst process involving a conversion reaction for organic compounds, e.g. hydrogenations, the catalyst contains at least one support and at least one metal, and is characterized in that it has particles of an average size greater than approximately 1 nm, and more than 80% of particles, the size of which is comprised in the range D±(D.0.2) where D represents the average size of the particles. The catalyst is prepared in a colloidal suspension, in aqueous phase, of the metal oxide or metals to be supported, then depositing this suspension on a support, and optionally reducing the oxide thus supported.

Abstract: A process is provided for the selective hydrogenation of dienes from a mixed hydrocarbon stream. The catalyst contains nickel in an amount between approximately 5 and 15 weight percent and, alternatively, may contain nickel oxide and molybdenum oxide in an amount between approximately 3 to 6 and 12 to 25 weight percent, respectively. The catalyst metals are on an aluminum oxide support. The process does not require any activation or pre-treatment of the catalyst. No sulfur is added to the reaction zone and the catalyst is not adversely affected by the presence of up to 0.20% by weight of sulfur in the feed stream. According to the process, conjugated dienes are reduced by at least 80 to 90%.

Abstract: A hydrogenation catalyst which is sulfur tolerant and which includes from about 0.1 to about 1 percent platinum by weight and from 0.2 to about 2 percent by weight palladium on a predominantly theta alumina carrier. Also disclosed is a process for the manufacture and use of the hydrogenation catalyst.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a process of removing dienes from an olefin feedstock. A preferred olefin feedstock is for the production of primary alcohol compositions by skeletal isomerization of the olefins followed by hydroformylation. In this preferred embodiment, the olefin feedstock may be purified before and/or after skeletal isomerization. The olefins in the feedstock preferably have a carbon chain length of about 8 to about 36 carbon atoms, preferably about 10 to about 20 carbon atoms, most preferably about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms.