Abstract: Olefinic hydrocarbons present in mixtures containing tert.-alkyl alkyl ethers and, if appropriate, other saturated aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons can be hydrogenated with substantial preservation of the ethers if the catalyst used has an active component for hydrogenation on a catalyst support having a specific surface area of more than 50 m.sup.2 /g and a pore diameter of, in the main, <1,000 nm.

Abstract: Highly branched synthetic hydrocarbon fluids produced by anionically oligomerizing selected dienes in the presence of organoalkali compounds and complexing reagents provide fluids having high traction coefficients and excellent elastohydrodynamic lubricating characteristics.

Abstract: A process is presented which is useful for the selective hydrogenation of polyunsaturated organic compounds. The resultant product of such a reaction produces the monoolefinic equivalents of the hydrogenated polyunsaturated organic compounds. The catalyst used in this selective hydrogenation process comprises nickel and sulfur deposited on the surface of an alumina support. The preferred catalyst does not contain halogens, noble metals, alkaline earth metals, or alkali metals and is characterized by having only a very low percentage of the total pore volume being provided by pores having an average pore diameter less than 150 angstroms. The great majority of the pore volume is present in the form of macropores having diameters of 500 to 1500 angstroms.

Abstract: There is disclosed a number of processes for the promotion of the Raney Nickel catalyzed hydrogenation of carbon-carbon double bonds. (a) One process uses tertiary amines to promote the Raney Nickel catalyzed hydrogenation. (b) Another process uses acetylene and acetylene derivatives to promote the Raney Nickel catalyzed hydrogenation. The promotion of Raney Nickel catalyst is particularly suited for the reduction of unsaturated hydantoins to saturated hydantoins and also for the reduction of cyclic and acyclic olefins and diolefins to the corresponding cyclic and acyclic alkanes.

Abstract: A method for producing cycloolefins, useful as an intermediate for lysine, caprolactam, adipic acid etc., by the partial hydrogenation of corresponding aromatic hydrocarbons with a hydrogen gas in the presence of water and a catalyst comprising barium sulfate as a carrier and ruthenium and one or more metals selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt, silver and copper supported on the carrier, characterized by incorporating one or more metal oxides selected from the group consisting of silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide and aluminum oxide in the reaction system.

Abstract: A method for hydrogenating olefins and alkynes is provided wherein the unsaturated hydrocarbon is reacted under mild conditions in the presence of a cyclometallated transition metal catalyst which shows greater resistance to degradation caused by oxidation.

Abstract: Polymeric complex compounds of molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, rhenium and of the metals of the sub-groups VIII and I of the Periodic Table of Elements, which complex compounds have a silica-type structure are disclosed. At least one amine ##STR1## is bonded coordinately to the central metal atom. The atomic ratio of metal to nitrogen is from 1:1 to 1:10.sup.6. The required charge compensation is effected by means of an anion. In (1), R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 represent a group ##STR2## and R.sup.4 is an alkylene grouping. The oxygen atoms are saturated by silicon atoms of further groups (2), if appropriate with incorporation of crosslinking agents. R.sup.3 may have the meaning of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, or represents hydrogen, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group or the benzyl group. The polymers can contain several metals. The invention also relates to processes for their preparation, and uses in catalysis.

Abstract: A method for producing cycloolefins useful as an intermediate material for lysine, caprolactam, adipic acid, medicines, agricultural chemicals, dyes and the like, which comprises partial hydrogenation of aromatic hydrocarbons with hydrogen gas in the presence of a catalyst composed of barium sulfate which is a carrier as well as ruthenium and at least one metal selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt, silver and copper supported on said barium sulfate, and water.

Abstract: The hydrogenation of olefin polymers and especially diene polymers can be carried out effectively using a catalyst containing a Group VIII metal, a metal alkoxide and a support, optionally in the presence of a nitrogen-containing ingredient to inhibit aromatic hydrogenation.

Abstract: Supported catalysts comprised of one or more metals of Group VIII, optionally one or more metals from Group IB and IIA, aluminum and silicate are used for hydrogenating hydrogenatable organic compounds. The catalysts can be produced by coprecipitating metal ions from Group VIII, optionally metal ions from Groups IB and IIA, aluminum ions, and silicate ions, in the presence of solid porous particles.

Abstract: Group VIII metals immobilized on an aminated polysaccharide in a highly dispersed state are active catalysts in the hydrogenation of unsaturated organic materials. Chitin and chitosan are preferred supports, with platinum and palladium among the more active Group VIII metals in hydrogenation.

Abstract: Supported coprecipitated cobalt-silica hydrogenation catalysts are disclosed. The catalysts are prepared by: preparing an aqueous reaction mixture containing cobalt cations, silicate anions and solid porous carrier particles under agitation to form a coprecipitate of the cobalt and silicate ions onto said solid porous support particles; heating the aqueous reaction mixture; and adding an alkaline precipitating agent to further precipitate the cobalt and silicate ions onto said solid porous carrier particles. The aqueous reaction mixture may additionally include copper cations.

Abstract: A process for hydrogenating an unsaturated organic compound which comprises contacting the same with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst composed of a support containing (1) at least one Group IIA metal compound selected from the group consisting of magnesium, calcium, strontium and barium compounds, (2) alumina and (3) aluminum phosphate carrying nickel thereon.

Abstract: Fuel oils especially suitable as gas oils for fuelling high speed Diesel engines, are made by hydrogenating a middle oil derived from coal and containing at least 90% of polycyclic hydrocarbons and essentially no paraffinic material, and fractionating the hydrogenated oil to yield the gas oil. The product oil is fully competitive with gas oils from petroleum, and may be blended with petroleum gas oil.

Abstract: Group VIII metals immobilized on an aminated polysaccharide in a highly dispersed state are active catalysts in the hydrogenation of unsaturated organic materials. Chitin and chitosan are preferred supports, with platinum and palladium among the more active Group VIII metals in hydrogenation.

Abstract: A process for hydrogenating an unsaturated organic compound which comprises contacting the same with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst composed of a support containing (1) (A) a Group IIB metal compound selected from the group consisting of zinc and cadmium compounds, (B) a combination of said zinc and cadmium compounds or (C) a combination of at least one of said Group IIB metal compounds with at least one Group IIA metal compound selected from the group consisting of magnesium, calcium, strontium and barium compounds, (2) alumina and (3) aluminum phosphate and carrying nickel thereon.

Abstract: A process for hydrogenating an unsaturated organic compound which comprises contacting the same with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst composed of a support containing alumina and aluminum phosphate carrying nickel thereon.

Abstract: Unsaturated hydrocarbons are hydrogenated using a catalyst comprising nickel on a calcium phosphate support. The catalyst can be used in combination with a promoter selected from at least one of barium and uranium. Aromatic compounds such as benzene can be hydrogenated in this process. The catalytic activity of the described catalyst is sufficiently great as to permit hydrogenation under relatively mild conditions, including liquid phase hydrogenation of aromatics, thus prolonging the active life of the catalyst.

Abstract: This specification discloses an insoluble resin-metal compound complex, the method for its preparation, and its use in carrying out a catalyzed reaction. The complex is a weak base anion exchange resin which has been contacted with a solution of a coordination compound having at least two ligands connected to at least one central metal atom to bond chemically the resin to the metal atom by replacement of at least one of the ligands of the coordination compound by a functional group of the weak base anion exchange resin. The complex can be used as a catalyst for hydrogenation, carbon monoxide insertion, polymerization, isomerization, vinyl ester exchange, and ethylene oxidation reactions, among others.

Abstract: Supported coprecipitated catalysts comprised of one or more metals of Group VIII, one or more metals of Group IIA, and aluminum are used for hydrogenating hydrogenatable organic compounds. The catalysts are produced by preparing, under agitation; an aqueous mixture containing ions of Group VIII, Group IIA, and aluminum, as well as solid porous particles to form a coprecipitate of the metal ions and aluminum ions with the solid porous support particles; heating the aqueous reaction mixture; and adding precipitating agent to precipitate the metal ions and aluminum ions onto the solid support.

Abstract: A composition comprising chitin or chitosan bearing a metal or mixture of metals deposited thereon in a highly dispersed state so as to immobilize said metal or mixture of metals is an effective catalyst for processes in which said metal or mixture of metals shows catalytic properties.

Abstract: Supported coprecipitated non-ferrous Group VIII metal aluminum catalysts are used for hydrogenating hydrogenatable organic compounds. The catalysts are produced by preparing an aqueous mixture containing the metal ions, aluminum ions and solid porous support particles under agitation to form a coprecipitate of the metal ions and aluminum ions with the solid porous support particles; heating the aqueous reaction mixture; and adding precipitating agent to further precipitate the metal ions and aluminum ions onto the solid support.

Abstract: Process for hydrogenating unsaturated compounds in the liquid phase in the presence of a soluble catalyst obtained by reacting an organometal derivative or a metal hydride with a synergistic mixture of (a) a compound of zinc, zirconium, manganese, molybdenum, or iron and (b) a nickel or cobalt compound.

Abstract: Supported coprecipitated nickel-cobalt-silica and nickel-cobalt-copper-silica hydrogenation catalysts are disclosed. The catalysts are prepared by preparing an aqueous reaction mixture containing nickel and cobalt cations (and optionally copper cations), silicate anions and solid porous carrier particles under agitation to form a coprecipitate of the nickel, cobalt (and optionally copper) and silicate ions onto said solid porous support particles; heating the aqueous reaction mixture; and adding an alkaline precipitating agent to further precipitate the nickel, cobalt (and optionally copper) and silicate anions onto said solid porous carrier particles.

Abstract: A copper promoted massive nickel catalyst is disclosed which is capable of having a reduced nickel surface area ranging from about 55 to about 100 m.sup.2 /g as determined by hydrogen chemisorption, after reduction at 400.degree. C., and a B.E.T. total surface area ranging from about 150 to about 300 m.sup.2 /g, wherein the amount of copper in the catalyst ranges from about 2 wt. % to about 10 wt. % and the amount of nickel ranges from about 25 wt. % to about 50 wt. %, said wt. % of copper and nickel metal are based on the total weight of the catalyst. The copper promoted massive catalysts are prepared by the steps comprising comingling a solution containing copper and nickel cations with another solution containing silicate anions and coprecipitating the copper, nickel and silicate ions in an aqueous solution onto solid carrier particles. The catalysts are useful in hydrogenation processes.

Abstract: A process has been developed for the depyrophorization of pyrophoric metal catalysts, such as Raney nickel catalysts, which comprises treating said pyrophoric metal catalysts in water and/or an organic solvent with an organic nitro compound or a nitroso compound. The catalysts which are obtained according to the process of the invention are useful for carrying out all hydrogenation reaction which can be carried out using the corresponding pyrophoric catalysts. The catalysts obtained are further distinguished by high activity and extended life. They are not contaminated by contact catalyst poisons and can be used essentially without pre-activation.

Abstract: A process for hydrogenating hydrocarbons which comprises reacting a hydrocarbon with hydrogen in contact with a layered complex nickel silicate catalyst which has been reduced in a hydrogen atmosphere, oxidized in an atmosphere containing molecular oxygen and then again reduced in a hydrogen atmosphere.

Abstract: Unsaturated C.sub.4 hydrocarbons are converted into normal butane by introducing an unsaturated C.sub.4 hydrocarbon stream into a hydrogenation zone to convert it into a stream of normal butane and isobutane. Normal butane is recovered from a separation zone while isobutane is directed to an isomerization zone wherein a portion of the isobutane is converted into normal butane. The stream from the isomerization zone is returned to the separation zone to recover the normal butane produced in the isomerization reaction. The normal butane produced by the process is subsequently utilized in a cracking zone to produce ethylene.

Abstract: In a process for the production of olefins in two stages wherein, in the first stage, heavy petroleum fractions are hydrogenated in the presence of hydrogen and a hydrogenation catalyst and, in the second stage, the thus-hydrogenated fractions are subjected to thermal cracking the presence of steam, the improvement which comprises employing as the hydrogenation catalyst a zeolite of the faujasite structure combined with elements from Groups VIB, VIIB and VIII of the periodic table of the elements, wherein the alkali component of the zeolite is exchanged at least partially for ammonium, hydronium, alkaline earth and/or rare earth ions, and the elements are present in a metallic, ionic, oxidic and/or sulfidic form.

Abstract: Dimethyldicyclopentadiene is continuously hydrogenated to tetrahydrodimethyldicyclopentadiene and then the latter is continuously isomerized to a missile fuel. Both the hydrogenation and the isomerization steps use a nickel on silica-alumina catalyst. The temperature of the hydrogenation is in the range of about 70.degree.-260.degree. C., and the temperature of the isomerization is in the range of about 200.degree.-280.degree. C. The space velocity of the hydrogenation is about 0.1 to about 2.0 volumes of the diene charged per volume of catalyst per hour and the space velocity of the isomerization is about 0.1 to about 3.0 volumes of the hydrocarbon charged per volume of catalyst per hour. The pressure range for hydrogenation is between about 200 psig to about 3000 psig and for isomerization between from about 10 psig to about 1500 psig. Hydrogen is present during the isomerization.

Abstract: Composite product, useful notably as a catalyst, comprising a coordination complex of a metal, notably of a transition metal, fixed to a support, wherein this support is formed of a solid mineral material, insoluble in organic solvets, and is covered at least partly by a polysiloxane, on which the coordinates of these complexes are grafted. This catalyst is stable in gaseous as well as in liquid media, and is useful for the hydrogenation of olefins in homogeneous and heterogeneous phases as well.