Abstract: A process is disclosed that provides a high conversion of n-butane to C.sub.5 + gasoline by integrating the medium pore metallosilicate catalyzed process for fresh n-butane conversion to C.sub.5 + gasoline with a medium pore metallosilicate catalyzed process for propane conversion in a manner which allows a portion of the propane by-product of n-butane conversion to be converted to C.sub.4 + alkanes, followed by recycle of the n-butane portion of the C.sub.4 + alkanes. It has been discovered that separation of the products from the separate propane and n-butane conversion steps can be carried out concurrently in a single fractionator to provide the C.sub.5 + gasoline product and the propane and butane recycle streams. Preferably, the fractionator butane cut is treated in a deisobutanizer to recover isobutane and n-butane recycle. A further discovery utilizes the common fractionator not only to separate the products from the conversion processes but to concurrently separate a mixed fresh C.sub.3 -C.sub.

Abstract: A continuous multistage process for converting normally gaseous olefins containing an amount of ethene to gasoline and/or distillate range hydrocarbons, the process employing at least two fluidized olefins oligomerization reaction zones operating in parallel with one reaction zone operating under high severity reaction conditions effective for converting ethene.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for decreasing the emission of airborne pollutants from an oil refinery and for upgrading a paraffinic feedstream to olefins and/or aromatics. Flue gas from a fluid catalytic cracking process catalyst regenerator is cooled to supply the endothermic heat of reaction for a paraffin upgrading reaction, eliminating the need for an additional process furnace. The process further decreases airborne pollutant emissions by upgrading paraffinic fractions which would otherwise be burned as fuel.

Abstract: A continuous multistage process for preparing gasoline and/or distillate range hydrocarbons from lower molecular weight oxygenate feedstock wherein hydrocarbon yield is increased by recovering a vapor stream rich in ethene from an oxygenates conversion stage and reacting the ethene in a high severity reaction zone containing high activity zeolite catalyst.

Abstract: An integrated process for converting methanol and other lower molecular weight oxygenates to gasoline and distillate range liquid hydrocarbons and ethene is disclosed. When it is desirable to increase ethene yield, an auxiliary methanol-to-olefins (MTO) fixed bed reactor unit is activated in conjunction with a continuously operated primary MTO fluidized bed reactor.

Abstract: Lower alkanes are converted to olefins in a `third bed` external catalyst cooler (ECC) in which hot catalyst, from the regenerator (`second bed`) operating in conjunction with a fluid catalytic cracker (`first bed`), thermally cracks and dehydrogenates the alkanes. Because this is an endothermic reaction, the catalyst is autogeneously cooled before it is recirculated to the FCC regenerator. The cracking catalyst is the catalyst of choice in the FCC reactor. The most evident benefit of using the ECC is that it eliminates internal regenerator coils for steam regeneration. Among several additional benefits is that the ECC allows flexibility in design of its fluid `third bed` for optimum weight hourly space velocity (WHSV), and control of the dehydrogenation temperature so as to get maximum conversion of alkanes. This conversion can be maintained because the FCC regenerator burns the coke made during alkane dehydrogenation.

Abstract: Processes and apparatus for converting methanol or the like to intermediate olefins and etherification products, such as methyl t-butyl ether by extracting crude methanol feedstock with an olefinic liquid hydrocarbon stream containing C.sub.4 + iso-olefins. The extract phase is reacted under etherification conditions. The aqueous methanol raffinate stream is converted catalytically to olefins for recovery of C.sub.4 + olefinic liquid hydrocarbons useful as extraction solvent.

Abstract: A process for the production of high octane gasoline, or high octane gasoline blending components from a sulfur and nitrogen-containing feed composition of wide boiling range rich in fused multi-ring aromatic hydrocarbons containing two, and three or more rings in the molecule. The feed is first hydrogenated to desulfurize, denitrogenate and saturate one ring of the two-ring molecular species, but insufficient to saturate the second ring of said molecular species. The product, as a feed, is then hydrocracked to crack fused multi-ring aromatic hydrocarbons containing three or more rings to the molecule, and to produce lower molecular weight, lower boiling components. The product of the hydrocracker is then split into blends which include (i) a blend rich in fused two-ring aromatic hydrocarbons and (ii) a blend rich in fused multi-ring aromatic hydrocarbons containing three or more rings to the molecule.

Abstract: A process for the production of high octane gasoline, or high octane gasoline blending components, from a sulfur-containing feed rich in fused two-ring aromatic hydrocarbons, inclusive of naphthalenes. The feed is hydrogenated in a first reaction zone to desulfurize the feed and saturate one ring of the fused two-ring aromatic hydrocarbons, but insufficient to saturate the second ring of said molecular species, to form tetralins. The product, as a feed, is reacted in a second reaction zone over a catalyst comprised of elemental iron and one or more alkali or alkaline-earth metals components to selectively hydrogenate and crack the previously hydrogenated fused two-ring aromatic hydrocarbons to produce lower molecular weight higher octane components suitable per se as gasoline, or gasoline blending components.

Abstract: An integrated process for the conversion of methanol to high octane gasoline and distillate. Methanol is converted to olefins in the presence of zeolite type catalyst. C.sub.4 and C.sub.5 olefin fraction is converted to MTBE and TAME in the presence of excess methanol and acid etherification catalyst. Unreacted methanol and hydrocarbons are passed to an olefins to gasoline and distillate oligomerization unit in conjunction with C.sub.3, C.sub.6 and C.sub.7 olefins from the methanol to olefins unit whereby distillate and LPG products are produced. Gasoline products from the oligomerization unit are passed to the etherification unit whereby an ether-rich gasoline fraction is separated.

Abstract: A multi-stage catalytic olefin upgrading technique for converting lower olefinic feedstock to heavier liquid hydrocarbon product.

Abstract: A method is disclosed in which a first gas is contacted with a solid at an elevated reaction temperature to produce a gaseous product, the solid being deactivated during said contact and further, being exothermically reactivated by a second gas, the improvement which comprises providing the solids in at least three reactor zones and sequantically operating each reactor according to the cycle: reaction/reactant preheat/solids reativation. Preferaly the reactors are operated concurrently such that, at any time, at least one reactor is producing product and at least one reactor is preheating reactant to reaction temperature.

Abstract: A method is disclosed in which a first gas is contacted with a solid at an elevated reaction temperature to produce a gaseous product, the solid being deactivated during said contact and exothermically reactivated by a second gas and again contacted with the first gas, the improvement includes the steps of:(a) providing a quantity of the solids in relatively equal amounts to at least these fixed bed reactors;(b) sequentially operating each fixed bed reactor according to the cycle comprising: (1) preheating introducing the first gas into a first end of the reactor and withdrawing gaseous product from a second end of the reactor; (2) preheating the first gas to reaction temperature by introducing the first gas into the fixed bed of solids at a plurality of points along the length of the reactor and withdrawing the preheated gas from the second end of the reactor; and (3) reactivating the deactivated solids by introducing the second gas into the fixed bed of solids at a plurality of points along the length of th

Abstract: A continuous, liquid phase method for producing a polymer having a predetermined number of conjugated diene units per molecule in which (a) a first monomer stream is contacted with an organo-lithium compound, in a manner to intimately mix increments of monomer, containing the predetermined number of moles of conjugated diene, with each mole of organo-lithium and continuously mix and move the mixture through a first, elongated reaction zone to react the predetermined number of moles of conjugated diene with one mole of organo-lithium, (b) mixing the effluent from (a) with an alkyl-substituted aromatic hydrocarbon, an organo-alkali metal of potassium, rubidium or cesium and a tertiary amine to form a complex-initiator of the aromatic hydrocarbon, the alkali metal and the amine, (c) mixing the effluent from (b) with a second stream of monomer, in a manner to intimately mix increments of monomer, containing the predetermined number of moles of conjugated diene, with each mole of complex-initiator and continuously

Abstract: There is described a furnace for the performance of gas reactions in a ceramic assembly of tubes in which the heating chambers (2), the recuperators (4) and the flue gas-branch channel (5) are arranged in a compact, energy saving type of construction. The furnace is especially suited for the production of hydrocyanic acid according to the BMA process (hydrocyanic acid-methane-ammonia process).

Abstract: An integrated process for the simultaneous alkylation of at least one isoparaffinic hydrocarbon with at least one C.sub.4 olefinic hydrocarbon and at least one isoparaffinic hydrocarbon with at least one olefinic hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of C.sub.3, C.sub.5 and higher olefinic hydrocarbons and mixtures thereof, comprising: contacting a first alkylatable hydrocarbon comprising an isoparaffinic hydrocarbon with a first alkylating agent comprising at least one olefinic hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of C.sub.3, C.sub.