Abstract: A catalyst for chemical and petrochemical reactions and a process for its production. The catalyst comprises an oxide of one of the transition metals, rare earth elements, or actinide elements, e.g., molybdenum, having on its surface carbides and oxycarbides, the core being the metal or the metal oxide. In the process for catalyst production, the reaction gas mixture containing carbon products is passed onto the oxide, leading to a progressive carburization of the surface of the oxide and to a progressive increase in the efficiency of the catalyst.

Abstract: Zeolite L with flat basal planes, and reduced crystallite size is prepared in a synthesis modified by the addition of small amounts of additional metal such as magnesium, calcium, barium, cobalt, zinc, chromium, manganese or nickel. The addition of these metals also suppresses unwanted zeolite W formation even when the synthesis would otherwise form this zeolite.

Abstract: A process for reforming a hydrocarbon which comprises treating the hydrocarbon, while at elevated temperature, with a transition metal catalyst while in the presence of an effective amount of gaseous oxygen to improve the selectivity of the catalyst to aromatic formation and reduce the hydrogenolysis activity of the catalyst. The transition metal may be tungsten, and the transition metal catalyst may be supported on an oxidic support, optionally with a ceramic passivation layer lying between the support and the transition metal catalyst. The amount of gaseous oxygen used may be from about 50 ppm to about 5000 ppm, based upon the weight of the hydrocarbon.

Abstract: A process for efficiently producing 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene which comprises subjecting 2-methyl-1-(p-tolyl)butene and/or 2-methyl-1-(p-tolyl)butane as the starting raw material to a cyclization dehydrogenation reaction in the presence of a catalyst comprising (a) a palladium component, (b) an alkali or alkaline earth metal compound and (c) aluminum oxide. The process enables the production of highly pure 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene in a high yield at a low cost. The catalyst used in the process affords high safety and stability.

Abstract: Butadiene is converted to ethylbenzene or styrene or both by contacting butadiene with a catalyst containing molybdenum.

Abstract: A catalytic dehydrogenation and/or dehydrocyclization of paraffins.

Abstract: A high aromatic-content solvent having a boiling point range of 185.degree.-245.degree. C. and a mixed aniline point of not higher than 21.degree. C. is produced by reforming a petroleum fraction containing at least 50% by volume of components having a boiling point range of 150.degree.-215.degree. C. and then subjecting to a fractional distillation.

Abstract: A zeolite, designated zeolite NU-86, having a molar composition expressed by the formula 100 XO.sub.2 : equal to or less than 10 Y.sub.2 O.sub.3 : equal to less than 20 R.sub.2/n O where R is one or more cations of valency n, X is silicon and/or germanium, Y is one or more of aluminum, iron, gallium, boron, titanium, vanadium, zirconium, molybdenum, arsenic, antimony, chromium and manganese and having an X-ray diffraction pattern including the lines shown in Table 1 is prepared from a reaction mixture comprising XO.sub.2 (preferably silica), Y.sub.2 O.sub.3 (preferably alumina) and a polymethylene alpha, omega-diammonium cation. This zeolite is a useful catalyst for a variety of reactions.

Abstract: Alkylaromatic lubricant products are produced by the reaction of a long chain alkyne such as octyne, decyne or dodecyne over a reduced Group VIB metal oxide catalyst, preferably reduced chromium on silica. The products, which are predominantly n-alkyl substituted, possess excellent thermal and oxidative stability and may be used as lubricant base stocks and viscosity improvers.

Abstract: A process and apparatus are disclosed for the catalytic conversion of hydrocarbons in a transport or sub-transport fluidized bed reaction zone. Inert particles are used to transfer heat to the reaction zone. The particles may be heated separately from the catalyst in a combustion zone or together with the catalyst in a regenerator. Fuel is fired to heat the inert particles or a mixture of catalyst and inert particles. Hydrogen deficient fuels such as charcoal or coke are preferred.

Abstract: Therein is provided a process for the aromatization of non-aromatic hydrocarbons having at least two carbon atoms. The non-aromatic feed is contacted with a catalyst which includes gallium or zinc which is incorporated into or onto a pillared layered silicate. A preferred pillared layered silicate is kenyaite containing interspathic silica.

Abstract: There is provided a process for the aromatization of non-aromatic hydrocarbons having at least six carbon atoms. The non-aromatic feed is contacted with a catalyst which includes a base metal or noble metal which is incorporated into or onto a pillared layered silicate. A preferred pillared layered silicate is kenyaite containing interspathic silica, and a preferred base metal or noble metal is chromium.

Abstract: A catalyst composition suitable for use in aromatization of non-aromatic hydrocarbons comprises a shape-selective crystalline slicate such as ZSM-5 and a titanometallate-type layered metal oxide comprising a layered metal oxide and pillars of an oxide of at least one element selected from Groups IB, IIB, IIIA, IIIB, IVA, IVB, VA, VB, VIA, VIIA and VIIIA of the Periodic Table of the Elements separating the layers of the metal oxide where each layer of the metal oxide has the general formula[M.sub.x .sub.y Z.sub.2-(x+y) O.sub.4 ].sup.

Abstract: Provided is a process for producing gasoline having a high octane number or aromatic hydrocarbons by contacting a feed stock containing at least one aliphatic hydrocarbon having 1 to 12 carbon atoms with a catalyst at an elevated temperature said catalyst comprising a zeolite and a fluorine compound, and optionally Group Ib, IIb, IIIa, VI, VIIb or VIII metal in the Periodic Table.

Abstract: A process is provided for converting feedstock comprising C.sub.2.sup.+ olefins, C.sub.2 -C.sub.7 paraffins or mixtures thereof to product comprising C.sub.5.sup.+ hydrocarbons over a catalyst comprising zeolite ZSM-58.

Abstract: Disclosed is the dehydrocyclization of certain alkylaromatics to indene or a substituted indene by contacting certain alkylaromatics in admixture with H.sub.2 O with a sulfided metal oxide catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to catalysts for reforming petroleum products in mass form or supported for example, on aluminium or active carbon, the active part of which consists of tungsten and molybdenum carbides corresponding to the general formula:(Mox W.sub.1-x)y Czwherein0<x<11.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.20.8.ltoreq.z.ltoreq.1Nitridation prior to their use in a mixture H.sub.2 +N.sub.2 substantially increases the activity and selectivity thereof.These catalysts are not very sensitive to contamination by sulphur products.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for dehydrogenating a parafinic or naphthenic compound and for dehydrocyclizing a paraffinic compound comprising a straight chain of at least 5 carbon atoms, comprising: contacting an aforesaid compound under dehydrogenation conditions comprising a temperature in the range of from about 465.degree. C. to about 650.degree. C. with an active carbon catalyst having a cage-like structure and a BET surface area of at least 800 square meters per gram and a bulk density of at least 0.1 gram per cubic centimeter and comprising a substantially uniform dispersion of a metal, metal-containing material, or both in a porous carbon matrix, wherein the dispersed metal and metal in the dispersed metal-containing material are each a transition metal and wherein the total concentration of dispersed metal and dispersed metal-containing material is from about 0.001 to about 30 weight percent, calculated as the elemental metal and based on the weight of the catalyst.

Abstract: Paraffinic hydrocarbons of 2 to 16 carbon atoms are converted to aromatic in the presence of oxygen and a zeolite catalyst incorporating oxidative dehydrogenative metal or metal oxide components

Abstract: Steam dehydrocyclization of paraffinic hydrocarbons to aromatic hydrocarbons is effected in the presence of catalyst, typically a supported rhodium catalyst bearing copper.

Abstract: A process for the dimerization and cyclization of isobutene to form, as preferred product, paraxylene in which the whole of the product of isobutene dimerization (including unreacted feedstock) is contacted with a catalyst for the cyclization of the isobutene dimer. The process is operable in a single dimerization/cyclization stage or in separate dimerization and cyclization stages with no intermediate separation of products. Optionally, the isobutene feedstock is provided by dehydrogenation of isobutane, unreacted isobutane in the resulting feedstock being carried through the dimerization/cyclization and eventually recycled.