Abstract: Methods of producing substituted and non-substituted beta-methyl styrene by a cross-coupling reaction are provided. The disclosure also provides for methods of preparing (E)-Anethol and related compounds by a cross coupling reaction of potassium allyltrifluoroborate and 4-bromoanisole and aryl halides. Compounds, compositions, and methods of treating disorders utilizing beta-methyl styrene are also provided.

Abstract: A method for controlling the production of heavy compounds in the production of alpha-methyl styrene is provided. In one embodiment, the method includes providing a first composition to a distillation column, said first composition comprising acetone, phenol, cumene and alpha-methyl styrene; refining the first composition in the distillation column to produce a second composition comprising at least 1 wt. % alpha-methyl styrene and at least one organic acid, wherein the second composition includes a higher weight percentage of alpha-methyl styrene than the first composition; and adding an amine to the second composition.

Abstract: The invention relates to palladium(0)-tris{tri-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]-phosphine} complex of formula (I), as well as to its preparation and use. This compound is outstandingly stable, and can be used as catalyst with excellent results.

Abstract: The invention provides a method comprising identifying a successful metal-mediated conjugation reaction by analyzing a test mixture for the presence of a conjugation product. The invention provides a two-dimensional approach to reaction discovery in which many catalysts for many catalytic reactions can be tested simultaneously to provide an efficient discovery platform. Reactants and products from the system can be identified using techniques such as gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel carbene ligands and their incorporated monomeric and resin/polymer linked ruthenium catalysts, which are recyclable and highly active for olefin metathesis reactions. It is disclosed that significant electronic effect of different substituted 2-alkoxybenzylidene ligands on the catalytic activity and stability of corresponding carbene ruthenium complexes, some of novel ruthenium complexes in the invention can be broadly used as catalysts highly efficient for olefin metathesis reactions, particularly in ring-closing (RCM), ring-opening (ROM), ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) and cross metathesis (CM) in high yield. The invention also relates to preparation of new ruthenium complexes and the use in metathesis.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are phosphine compounds represented by the general formula (4): and corresponding phosphonium salts represented by the general formula (4a): Also disclosed are processes for the preparation of these phosphines and phosphonium salts as well as their use as ligands in catalytic reactions.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel carbene ligands and their incorporated monomeric and resin/polymer linked ruthenium catalysts, which are recyclable and highly active for olefin metathesis reactions. It is disclosed that significant electronic effect of different substituted 2-alkoxybenzylidene ligands on the catalytic activity and stability of corresponding carbene ruthenium complexes, some of novel ruthenium complexes in the invention can be broadly used as catalysts highly efficient for olefin metathesis reactions, particularly in ring-closing (RCM), ring-opening (ROM), ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) and cross metathesis (CM) in high yield. The invention also relates to preparation of new ruthenium complexes and the use in metathesis.

Abstract: A process for the production of styrene is described. The process comprises dehydrating 1-phenyl ethanol in the liquid phase in the presence of a para- and ortho-toluenesulfonic acid mixture. The ratio of para-toluenesulfonic acid to ortho-toluenesulfonic acid is from 1:9 to 20:1. The process results in reduced heavies production, improved 1-phenyl ethanol conversion and selectivity, less reactor tube fouling, and lower corrosion rates.

Abstract: A method for the production of styrene comprising reacting toluene and syngas in one or more reactors is disclosed.

Abstract: The present application discloses a process for preparing a compound of the general formula R1-M1-Ad.zLiX (I) by reacting a compound R1-A (III) with an element M1 in the presence of lithium salts. The application also discloses a process for preparing a compound of the general formula R1m-M3-Tm.zLiX (II) by reacting a compound R1-A (III) with an M3-containing compound in the presence of lithium salts and in the presence of an elemental metal M2. The metal M3 may be selected from Al, Mn, Cu, Zn, Sn, Ti, In, La, Ce, Nd, Y, Li, Sm, Bi, Mg, B, Si and S.

Abstract: A method for the production of styrene comprising reacting toluene and syngas in one or more reactors is disclosed.

Abstract: A method for producing highly purified fused aromatic ring compounds with high yield by a simpler method. A method for producing a fused aromatic ring compound comprising irradiating the bicyclo compound containing at least one bicyclo ring represented by formula (1) in a molecule with light to detach a leaving group X from a residual part to form an aromatic ring: wherein R1 and R3 each denotes a group to form an aromatic ring or a heteroaromatic ring which may be substituted, together with a group to which each thereof is bonded; R2 and R4 each denotes a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an ester group or a phenyl group; and X is a leaving group, which denotes a carbonyl group or —N?.

Abstract: The present invention provides a new monomer and methods of using the monomer to fabricate robust polymer surface coatings with controlled thicknesses between 1 and 5 nanometers. The coatings are composed of a new material containing polymerized monomers of 4-vinylbenzenepropanethiol. The polymer surface coating may be applied to metal and silicon. The method includes exposing a metal substrate to a solution of the monomer in hexanes in order to deposit a monolayer of the monomer onto the metal surface. The substrate is then irradiated with ultraviolet radiation in order to graft a thin polymer coating onto the surface. The procedure can be repeated in order to control the thickness of the coating between about 1 nm and 5 nm. Alternatively, thermally initiated polymerization or deposition of partially oligomerized monomers onto the surface provides nanothin coatings with identical performance.

Abstract: The present invention mainly relates to a carbon-carbon bond formation catalyzed by a complex comprising a novel and stable ligand and a metal center. The ligand uses a ring, particularly a phenyl group, or a hydrocarbon group to link an amino group and PR1R2, NR1R2, OR1, SR1, or AsR1R2 group for stabling the structure of the ligand.

Abstract: A process for preparing styrene by contacting a gaseous feed which contains 1-phenylethanol and at least 0.1% wt of phenol and/or ethylphenol with a heterogeneous dehydration catalyst in the presence of at least 0.40% wt of benzylalcohol and at a molar ratio of benzylalcohol to total amount of phenol and ethylphenol of at least 0.8.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a simple process for preparing specifically substituted indenes of the formula (I) or (Ia) to compounds of the formula (II) serving as starting materials and to the use of the compounds of the formula (II) as starting materials for the synthesis of substituted indenes.

Abstract: A new class of methylene-bridged metallocenes of formula (I), wherein M is a transition metal of group 3, 4, 5, 6, lanthanide or actinide; X is a monoanionic sigma ligand; R1 can be alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkylaryl or arylalkyl radicals; R2 can be halogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkylaryl or arylalkyl radical; p is 0-3; m is 0-2; and n is 0-4. Furthermore, the corresponding ligands, a new process for their preparation and catalysts systems containing said methylene-bridged metallocenes are described.

Abstract: A method for isomerizing aromatic compounds, wherein at least one aromatic compound is contacted with a zeolite-containing catalyst, and in which the zeolite is characterized in that: (1) the minimum value of the pore aperture diameter of the major channels therein is larger than 0.65 nanometers, orthe maximum value thereof is larger than 0.70 nanometers, and (2) the major channels do not intersect any others with larger apertures than oxygen 10-membered ring; and the aromatic compounds are at least one selected from; (a) aromatic compounds having at least three substituents, (b) aromatic compounds having two substituents of which at least one is a halogen or has at least 2 carbon atoms, and (c) naphthalene or anthracene derivatives having substituent(s), wherein aromatic compounds having a relatively large molecular size can be efficiently isomerized.

Abstract: This disclosure concerns a process and apparatus for reclamation of waste polystyrene-type materials for reuse within the specification ranges of the input polystyrene-type material. The disclosed process and apparatus include dissolution of the waste polystyrene-type materials in a dissolve section utilizing a reusable solvent having a low boiling point and high vaporization rate, removal of solid contaminants in one or more filter sections, devolatilization of the dissolved polystyrene and recovery of the polystyrene-type material in a solid form in a recovery section. Preferably the process and apparatus provide a closed system and include recycling and reuse in the process of the vaporized solvent. The maximum temperature in the recovery section is 190° C. The reusable solvent is preferably environmentally safe and has a low boiling point and high vaporization rate. n-Propyl bromide, or environmentally safe mixtures thereof, including mixtures with isopropyl alcohol, is the preferred reusable solvent.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing styrene by catalytically dehydrating 1-phenylethanol in the liquid phase in the presence of at least 0.1 % wt of a chain transfer agent. As an alternative, the process is performed by recycling at least part of the chain transfer-containing product stream to the reactor and combining with the feed for preparing the products.

Abstract: A two-step process for the preparation of fluoroolefin compounds of formula I wherein R is hydrogen or alkyl, and R1 is alkyl or cyclopropyl, or R and R1 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a cyclopropyl group; Ar is phenyl or naphthyl both of which are optionally substituted; Ar1 is phenoxyphenyl, biphenyl, phenyl, benzylphenyl, or benzoylphenyl, all of which may be optionally substituted, comprising reacting fluorobromoolefin compounds of formula II with organozinc compounds of formula III or IV in the presence of a palladium catalyst and a solvent, which compounds of formula II are obtained by reacting aldehyde compounds of formula V with (a) fluorotribromomethane, (b) a tri(substituted)phosphine or a hexaalkylphosphoramide or a mixture thereof, and (c) zinc, in the presence of a solvent, compounds of formula II.

Abstract: A method of preparing an alkenyl-substituted aromatic hydrocarbon, which comprises alkenylating an aromatic hydrocarbon with an olefin using &bgr;-diketone together with a rhodium complex catalyst in the presence of oxygen.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of styrene comprising the gas phase dehydration of 1-phenyl-ethanol at elevated temperature in the presence of a dehydration catalyst, wherein the dehydration catalyst consists of shaped alumina catalyst particles having a surface area (BET) in the range of from 80 to 140 m2/g and a pore volume (Hg) in the range of from 0.35 to 0.65 ml/g, of which 0.03 to 0.15 ml/g is in pores having a diameter of at least 1000 nm.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of styrene or substituted styrenes that includes the steps of: subjecting a feed containing 1-phenyl ethanol or substituted 1-phenyl ethanol to a dehydration treatment in the presence of a dehydration catalyst; subjecting the resulting product stream to a separation treatment, thus obtaining a stream containing styrene or substituted styrene and a residual fraction containing heavy ends; and converting at least part of these heavy ends to styrene or substituted styrenes by subjecting a stream containing these heavy ends to a cracking treatment in the presence of an acidic cracking catalyst.

Abstract: There are provided a process for producing an alkenyl-substituted aromatic hydrocarbon by alkenylation of an alkyl-substituted aromatic hydrocarbon having a hydrogen atom at the &agr;-position of a side chain thereof with a conjugated diene, using a catalyst obtained by the action of an alkali metal compound and an alkali metal or an alkali metal hydroxide on an metal oxide selected from alumina or hydrotalcite by heating in a specific temperature range; and a process for producing an alkenyl-substituted aromatic hydrocarbon, characterized in that the reaction is carried out in the presence of an alkylaminopyridine of formula (1): wherein R1 is hydrogen or C1-C6 lower alkyl, and R1 is C1-C6 lower alkyl, using as a catalyst, Na metal, K metal, or an alloy thereof, or a catalyst carrying any of them on an inorganic compound support, or a catalyst obtained by the action of an alkali metal compound and alkali metal or an alkali metal hydride on a metal oxide selected from alumina, alkaline earth

Abstract: Styrene or substituted styrenes are produced by a process comprising the gas phase dehydration of 1-phenyl ethanol or substituted 1-phenyl ethanol in the presence of a solid acidic catalyst comprising a zeolite and a binder material, wherein the weight ratio of zeolite to binder is in the range of from 1:99 to 90:10 and wherein the following relation applies: 0<K<5 with K=V/S×[(Pz×fz)+(Pb×fb)]½, wherein: V/S is the volume/surface ratio of the catalyst used in mm; fz is the weight fraction of zeolite present in the catalyst in grams zeolite per gram catalyst; fb is the weight fraction of binder present in the catalyst in grams binder per gram catalyst; pz is the intrinsic productivity of zeolite expressed as grams styrene produced per gram of the zeolite per hour, as measured for pure zeolite samples of small particle size (i.e., <0.

Abstract: Olefins containing aromatic substituents are synthesized without the addition of phosphonium salts or phosphanes with the aid of a PdII compound as a catalyst in the presence of nitrogen-containing additives such as N,N-dimethylglycine and a base.

Abstract: The polymerizable compound of this invention is represented by general formula (I): where R is H, R′, R′O, R′COO, or R′OCO, R′ is a linear or branched alkyl group or alkenyl group having 1 to about 15 carbon atoms, A1 and A2 are independently a cyclohexane ring or a benzene ring which may include a substituent represented by formula (II) below; X is H or CH3; and Y1, Y2, Y3, and Y4 are independently H, F, Cl, CH3, CH3O, CF3, or CF3O wherein at least two of Y1, Y2, Y3, and Y4 are H and, if both A1 and A2 are cyclohexane rings, at least one of Y1, Y2, Y3, and Y4 is not H: where Y5, Y6, Y7, and Y8 are independently H, F, Cl, CH3, CH3O, CF3, or CF3O, at least two of Y5, Y6, Y7, and Y8 are H.

Abstract: A mono-olefin hydrocarbon and/or a di-olefin hydrocarbon represented by the following general formula (3) is selectively produced by dehydrogenating or oxidative-dehydrogenating a mixture of any one of hydrocarbons among the hydrocarbons represented by the following general formula (1) and any one of hydrocarbons among the hydrocarbons represented by the following general formula (2), followed by distillation;

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing monofunctional, bifunctional and polyfunctional aromatic olefins of the formula (I) by reacting haloaromatics of the formula (II) with olefins of the formula (III) wherein a palladium compound of the formula (IV) is used as catalyst.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for the selective preparation of a styrene of formula (1) ##STR1## by reacting an acetophenone of formula (1) ##STR2## with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst containing one of several oxides, in particular metal oxides, wherein the oxide contains an element form the groups Ia, IIa, IIIa, IVa, VIa, Ib, IIb, IVb, Vb, VIb, and/or VIII or an element from the lanthanide group. The catalyst contains preferably on or several oxides of the formula ZnM.sup.1.sub.b M.sup.2.sub.c O.sub.x, where M.sup.1 stands for at least one element from the Al, Zr, Ti and Si group, M.sup.2 stands for at least one element from the Cd, Cu, Ag, Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Cr, Mo, Ta, Sc, W, V, Nb, Hf, Yt, B, In, Zn, Pb, Bi Se, Ga, Ge, Sb, As, Te group, or an element from the lanthanides, b=0-20, c=0-3, x corresponds to the number of oxygen atoms required for stoechiometric compensation, which results in accordance with the oxidation states of Zn, M.sup.1 and M.sup.2 or oxides of formula M.sup.3.sub.2 M.sup.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to the field of chemical synthesis, and more specifically, to the field of oxidative coupling of olefinic compounds and aromatic compounds, to produce olefinically substituted aromatic compounds. More particularly, this invention relates to methods for oxidative coupling of olefinic compounds and aromatic compounds which employ a rhodium(III) acetylacetonate catalyst and a copper(II) redox agent in a reaction medium which does not comprise a carboxylic acid component. In one embodiment, this invention pertains to methods for the preparation of styrene by the oxidative coupling of ethylene (an olefinic compound) and benzene (an aromatic compound), in the presence of Rh(acac).sub.2 Cl(H.sub.2 O), as catalyst, and Cu(II)(CH.sub.3 COO).sub.2, as copper(II) redox agent, in which benzene is both a reactant and the reaction medium.

Abstract: Arylolefinic compounds are prepared by reacting aryl halide with an olefinic compound in the presence of a polar liquid reaction medium containing (a) secondary or tertiary amine as a hydrogen halide acceptor (b) a catalyst system formed from (i) Pd or Pd(0) compound, and/or Pd(I) salt or Pd(II) salt, and (ii) a tertiary phosphine ligand, and (c) a reaction accelerating amount of water in the range of about 0.5 to about 5 weight percent of the total weight of the reaction mixture. The arylolefinic compounds can be converted to an arylcarboxylic acid by hydrocarboxylation with CO in a reaction medium freed of amine and containing water and a Pd catalyst system as above in which a copper component may be included, and which preferably includes an ether such as THF.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing monofunctional, bifunctional or polyfunctional aromatic olefins of the formula (I) ##STR1## wherein a palladium compound of the formula (IV) ##STR2## is used as a catalyst in the preparation of the compounds of the formula (I).

Abstract: The preparation of aromatic olefins from haloaromatics and olefins (Heck reaction) is carried out in the presence of palladium complexes as catalysts, which complexes contain heterocyclic carbenes as ligands.

Abstract: A process for producing a monoalkenyl aromatic hydrocarbon which comprises alkenylating a side chain of an aromatic hydrocarbon compound having at least one hydrogen atom at the .alpha.-position of a side chain (such as o-xylene) with a conjugated diene having 4 or 5 carbon atoms in the presence of a catalyst slurry prepared by adding an aromatic hydrocarbon compound to a catalyst comprising a alkali metal and an alkali metal compound. In the aforementioned process, it is particularly effective that the catalyst slurry is prepared by adding the aromatic hydrocarbon compound after the aromatic hydrocarbon compound has been deoxygenated and dehydrated by distillation, and the catalyst slurry thus prepared is supplied to the reaction system. According to the aforementioned process, an industrially useful monoalkenyl aromatic hydrocarbon compound, such as a monoalkenylbenzene, can be produced at a high selectivity, in a high yield, and with enhanced safety and stability for a long time.

Abstract: The present invention concerns new substituted 3,4-bis(phenyl)-3-hexenes and pharmaceutical compositions which contain these compounds as active substances.

Abstract: A process for preparing olefin compounds of the formula ##STR1## where A is aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, benzyl, substituted benzyl, vinyl or substituted vinyl and R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkyl-substituted cycloalkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, alkoxy, alkythio, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, alkanoyl, aroyl, substituted aroyl, heteroarylcarbonyl, substituted heteroarylcarbonyl, trifluoromethyl or halo, which comprises reacting an organic halide of the formula A-X where X is chloro, bromo or iodo with a vinyl or substituted vinyl compound of the formula ##STR2## where R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.

Abstract: In the preparation of 1,1'-binaphthyls substituted in the 2,2'-positions (and optionally substituted in one or more of positions 3 to 7 and/or 3' to 7'), a 1-halo-2-substituted naphthalene is reacted with a 2-substituted-1-naphthyl-magnesium halide in the presence of a catalyst. The catalyst comprises palladium and a phosphine ligand. Typical phosphine ligands include triphenylphosphine, 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane, 2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphinomethoxy)-1,1'-binaphthyl, and tetrakis(triphonylphosphine).

Abstract: Aromatic vinyl compounds of the formula IAr--CH.dbd.CHR Iwhere Ar is an aromatic radical, and R is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl or unsubstituted or substituted phenyl, are prepared by reacting an alcohol of the formula IIAr--CH.sub.2 OH IIor an ester of the formula III ##STR1## where R' is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, in aqueous solution with a triarylphosphine and a strong acid and then, in the presence of a mineral base, with an aldehyde of the formula IVR--CHO IV.

Abstract: A process for co-production of an alkenyl aromatic compound such as, for example, styrene and t-butylstyrene, and an oxygenated sulfur-containing compound such as, for example, a sulfoxide or a sulfone is disclosed which comprises: (1) contacting, in the presence or absence of a catalyst, an .alpha.-methyl benzylic hydroperoxide with an organic sulfide compound to produce a mixture of an .alpha.-methyl benzylic hydroxide and an oxygenated sulfur-containing compound; (2) separating the .alpha.-methyl benzylic hydroxide from the sulfur-containing compound; (3) contacting the .alpha.-methyl benzylic hydroxide with a base to convert the .alpha.-methyl benzylic hydroxide to the alkenyl aromatic compound; and optionally, (4) recovering the alkenyl aromatic compound from the oxygenated sulfur-containing compound. The sulfoxide produced can be oxidized to a sulfone. The contacting of the .alpha.-methyl benzylic hydroxide with a base can also be carried out before the .alpha.

Abstract: Monomers, B-stage polymers, C-stage polymers, cured polymers and electricy conducting polymers of acetylene-terminated aromatic monomers containing three benzene rings separated by ethylene groups are disclosed. These new polymers can withstand aggressive environments and are particularly adapted for use in high temperature composites in addition to the utilization of their electrical conducting properties. Preparation of these materials is accomplished by melt polymerization and heat treatment at high temperatures.

Abstract: A process and catalyst are disclosed for the catalyzed reaction of an organometallic reagent with a reactive halide in the presence of a diphosphine complex of a nickel carboxylate or sulfonate. The process can be employed in the synthesis of aromatic compounds such as bisbenzocyclobutenes.

Abstract: In a method of carrying out organic conversions via heterogeneous phase transfer catalysis by contacting immiscible liquid phases containing respective substances capable of interacting, with a solid catalyst to promote the transfer of reactive species from one liquid phase to another, the improvement comprises employing as catalyst a cation exchanged form of a 2:1 layered silicate clay with layer charge densities in the range of above 0.4 to 2.0 containing an onium ion containing one or more alkyl hydrocarbon chains and maintaining the materials in emulsified form by having a sufficient chain length of an alkyl group relative to the charge density of the clay.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the alkylation of methylbenzene to produce ethylbenzene and styrene. In this process methylbenzene and methanol are contacted with a catalyst formed from a zeolite and an alkali(ne earth) metal compound wherein said compound is selected from alkaline earth metal compound and a mixture of alkaline earth metal compound and alkali metal compound and wherein the sum of the amount of the alkali(ne earth) metal in the compound plus any metal cation exchanged into the zeolite is in excess of that required to provide a fully metal cation-exchanged zeolite.

Abstract: Aromatic alkenes, especially diarylbutadienes are produced in a simple economic process by reaction of an anil with an organic compound having a non-aromatic unsaturated system conjugated with an aromatic system, and a terminal methyl group pendent from the non-aromatic unsaturated system; in particular the organic compound is a propenyl-substituted aromatic compound.

Abstract: A method of preparing an aryl alkene compound comprising reacting an iodoaromatic compound an alkene and an alkanol in the presence of a palladium catalyst and the absence of a Bronsted base.

Abstract: A method for transmitting power which is characterized by the use of a traction drive fluid containing, as a base stock, a composition composed of 40 to 80 wt % of 2,4-dicyclohexyl-2-methylpentane and 20 to 60 wt % of a mixture of polycyclohexylalkane and a perhydroindane derivative, with the weight ratio of the perhydroindane derivative to the polycycloalkane being up to 0.5, and having a viscosity (at 100.degree. C.) of 5.0 to 15.0 cSt (10.sup.-2 cm.sup.2 /sec). This fluid has a high traction coefficient and a good oxidation stability.

Abstract: An electrical insulating oil which is suitable for use in impregnating electrical appliances such as capacitors, cables and transformers, especially those in which plastic materials are used partially or totally as dielectrics or insulating materials, and electrical appliances that are impregnated with the above electrical insulating oil. The electrical insulating oil of the invention contains at least one monoolefin and/or diolefin having three condensed or non-condensed aromatic rings.

Abstract: A process for introduction of styrenes in the side chain of substituted aromatic compounds, said side chain containing at least one hydrogen atom in the .alpha.-position thereof, is disclosed, comprising reacting the styrenes and the substituted aromatic compounds in the presence of (A) an alkali metal and (B) a compound containing a benzyloxy group or alkyl and/or aryl-substituted benzyloxy group. Use of (A) and (B) as a reaction accelerator permits to introduce the styrenes in the side chain of the substituted aromatic compounds in high yield and selectivity.