Abstract: An alumina exhibiting a structure with a porosity such that the volume of the pores having a diameter of between 70 and 2000 ? is between 0.15 and 0.50 ml/g, and comprising at least one alkali metal (M), such that the content by weight of alkali metal, expressed as M2O, is between 400 and 1500 ppm, with respect to the total weight of the alumina, and a process for the transformation of a feedstock comprising at least one alcohol into an olefinic effluent, said process comprising a stage of dehydration of said alcohol in the presence of the alumina according to the present invention, having an acidity and a structure with a porosity which are optimal.

Abstract: Disclosed are processes, systems, and reaction systems for the oligomerization of ethylene to form an oligomer product in a reaction zone using a catalyst system having i) a chromium component comprising an N2-phosphinyl amidine chromium compound complex, an N2-phosphinyl formamidine chromium compound complex, an N2-phosphinyl guanidine chromium compound complex, or any combination thereof, and ii) an aluminoxane. Ethylene can be contacted with an organic reaction medium to form an ethylene feedstock mixture prior to contact with the catalyst system. The ethylene feedstock mixture can be contacted with the catalyst system inside or outside of the reaction zone.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a selective head-to-head dimerization of conjugated diene compounds by a catalytic process in a reaction medium without solvent or with solvent comprising hydrocarbons, in the presence of a specific additive of the phenol type.

Abstract: A process for recovering 1-hexene comprising: a) separating the mixture obtained from the ethylene trimerization reaction into a top fraction comprising ethylene and a bottom fraction, b) separating a portion of the bottom fraction obtained from step a) into a top fraction comprising 1-hexene and 1-butene and a bottom fraction, c) separating a portion of the fraction comprising 1-hexene and 1-butene obtained from step b) into a top fraction principally comprising 1-butene and into a bottom fraction principally comprising 1-hexene, and in said process: a portion of the bottom fraction obtained from step b) is returned to the reaction section and another portion of said bottom fraction obtained from step b) is used in a recirculation loop connecting the reaction section and the column of said step b), said recirculation loop being used to cool the reaction section and to reboil said column of step b).

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for production of benzene lean gasoline by recovery of high purity benzene from a narrow boiling benzene concentrated unprocessed cracked gasoline fraction. The process involves subjecting the feed material to an extractive distillation (ED) operation using an aromatic selective solvent in combination with a co-solvent.

Abstract: This invention relates to a metathesis catalyst comprising a Group 8 metal complex represented by the formula: wherein: M is a Group 8 metal; each X is independently an anionic ligand; R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, a C1 to C30 hydrocarbyl, and a C1 to C30 substituted hydrocarbyl; R3 and R4 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1 to C12 hydrocarbyl groups, substituted C1 to C12 hydrocarbyl groups, and halides; and L is a neutral donor ligand. This invention also relates to processes for performing a metathesis reaction, in particular ring opening cross metathesis reactions and ring opening metathesis polymerization reactions, using the Group 8 metal complexes.

Abstract: The invention provides for methods, compositions and systems using bioisoprene derived from renewable carbon for production of a variety of hydrocarbon fuels and fuel additives.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing 1-octene in the presence of a catalyst system for ethylene oligomerization, which includes: premixing a part of ethylene gas as raw material with a solvent, mixing with the components a+b, c and d of the catalyst system, and then sending in a reactor; directly sending the rest of ethylene gas in the reactor; discharging the resultant liquid from the upper part of the reactor into an overflow channel; adding a catalysis stopping agent to the overflow channel; and then separating the resultant liquid. The advantages of the method are high selectivity of 1-octene and high catalytic activity.

Abstract: This invention relates to a metathesis catalyst comprising a Group 8 metal complex represented by the formula: wherein: M is a Group 8 metal; each X is independently an anionic ligand; R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, a C1 to C30 hydrocarbyl, and a C1 to C30 substituted hydrocarbyl; R3 and R4 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1 to C12 hydrocarbyl groups, substituted C1 to C12 hydrocarbyl groups, and halides; and L is a neutral donor ligand. This invention also relates to processes for performing a metathesis reaction, in particular ring opening cross metathesis reactions and ring opening metathesis polymerization reactions, using the Group 8 metal complexes.

Abstract: A method comprising: (a) forming a living liquid polymer, wherein said living liquid polymer is anionically initiated and comprises a cation; (b) adding a functional initiator precursor of the formula FI-H, wherein H is hydrogen and FI is a functional group, said H terminates said living liquid polymer resulting in said liquid polymer having a number average molecular weight of about 20,000 (g/mole) to about 100,000 (g/mole), and said FI and said cation form a functional initiator; (c) adding monomer, wherein said functional initiator initiates anionic polymerization of said monomer; and (d) terminating the polymerization reaction initiated in step (c). Steps (a) through (c) may be conducted in a single reactor, allowing a liquid polymer to be dispersed in a functionalized polymer in a single polymerization step. Thus, the liquid polymer does not have to be handled separately and processing efficiency is improved.

Abstract: This invention relates to late transition metal catalyst precursors and catalysts for olefin dimerizations and oligomerizations, and to methods for making and using these catalysts.

Abstract: Phosphonium salts are prepared by reacting an alkanol with triarylphosphine and sulfonic acids in a solvent.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for dimerizing isobutene, wherein, in dimerizing conditions, the isobutene is brought into contact with a porous cation exchange resin comprising a styrene polymer, which is cross-linked with divinyl benzene, and any sulphonic acid groups adhering to the polymer. The harmful deactivation of this catalyst, which is caused by the accumulation of the oligomers and polymers of isobutene and other C4-olefins in the cation exchange resin catalyst, is essentially decreased by selecting the cation exchange resin from a group including cation exchange resins, the acid capacity of which is 4.7 equivalents/kg at a minimum, and the portion of divinyl benzene units of which is 5% by weight at a minimum and smaller than 20% by weight.

Abstract: A hydrozirconated matrix for the production of polyolefins is disclosed. The hydrozirconated matrix is prepared from the reaction of an organozirconium composition and an olefin based material. A process is described for using the hydrozirconated matrix to prepare a range of polyolefin products.

Abstract: The invention provides dispersants and dispersant viscosity index improvers which include polymers of conjugated dienes which have been hydrogenated, functionalized, optionally modified and post treated. The dispersant substances include a copolymer of two different conjugated dienes. The polymers are selectively hydrogenated to produce polymers which have highly controlled amounts of unsaturation, permitting highly selective functionalization. The polymers may be functionalized by hydroformylation followed by reductive amination. Also provided are lubricant fluids, such as mineral and synthetic oils, which have been modified in their dispersancy and/or viscometric properties by means of the dispersant substances of the invention. Also provided are methods of modifying the dispersancy and/or viscometric properties of lubricating fluids such as mineral and synthetic lubricating oils. The dispersant substances may also include a carrier fluid to provide dispersant concentrates.

Abstract: A process for the production of compounds useful as fluorescent whitening agents of formula: ##STR1## in which X and Y, are as defined herein and n is 1 or 2, comprises A) diazotising one mole of an amine of formula: ##STR2## (2A) to produce a diazonium compound of the formula: ##STR3## (2) in which G.sub.1 is a counter ion; and diazotising one mole of an amine of formula: ##STR4## (3A) to produce a diazonium compound having the formula: ##STR5## (3); and B) reacting one mole of a divinyl compound having the formula: ##STR6## (4) with one mole of a compound having the formula (2) and with one mole of a compound having the formula (3), in the presence of an inorganic or organic palladium salt, or a mixture thereof, as catalyst-precursor.

Abstract: A monoolefin oligomerization process which gives high yields of dimer and trimer at high monoolefin conversions in a single stage reaction is described. The process involves contacting a C.sub.6-20 vinyl olefin with a catalyst comprising boron trifluoride and from 0.075 to 0.5 mol %, based on the total quantity of monoolefin being used, of an alcohol catalyst promoter. The oligomerization is performed at a temperature below about 40.degree. C. and under a pressurized atmosphere of boron trifluoride in the range of 2 to 4 bars gauge until the monoolefin conversion is at least 95% and the combined total of dimer and trimer in the liquid reaction mixture is at least 60% by weight.

Abstract: A process for preparing an alkynyl fulvene group containing compound and said compound is provided. Said process comprises reacting an alkynyl ketone compound with a cyclopentadienyl-type compound.

Abstract: The process of the invention, using a plurality of passes, divides the crude product of each pass into a part which contains tetramers and higher oligomers and represents the desired product of a pass and at least one further part which contains the major part of the monomers, dimers and trimers and which serves at least in part as part of the starting materials in a subsequent reaction pass. At the same time, the catalyst concentration is increased. In all reaction passes, only a moderate starting material conversion is sought.

Abstract: A copolymer having an RSV less than 0.6 and a process for its preparation in which ethylene, at least one other 1-alkene and, optionally, an aliphatic or alicyclic polyunsaturated monomer are polymerized in the presence of a catalyst system containing (1) a compound of vanadium, (2) at least one alkyl aluminum halide, (3) an .alpha.-halo, ketoaromatic promoter and (4) a chain transfer agent in which the molar ratio of alkyl groups of the alkyl aluminum halide to halogen atoms is at least 1.5.

Abstract: A process for preparing a bridged ligand, where said bridged ligand has an alkynyl group, and said bridged ligand is provided. Said process comprises reacting an alkynyl fulvene containing compound with an alkali metal salt of a cyclopentadienyl-type compound.

Abstract: A viscous block copolymer of the formula(A-B-A.sub.p).sub.n -Y.sub.r -(A.sub.q -B).sub.mwherein Y is a coupling agent or coupling monomers, andwherein A and B are polymer blocks which may be homopolymer blocks of conjugated diolefin monomers, copolymer blocks of conjugated diolefin monomers or copolymer blocks of conjugated diolefin monomers and monoalkenyl aromatic hydrocarbon monomers, andwherein the A blocks have a higher number of more highly substituted aliphatic double bonds per unit of block mass than do the B blocks, andwherein the A blocks have a molecular weight from about 100 to about 3000 and the B blocks have a molecular weight from about 1000 to about 15,000, andwherein p and q are 0 or 1 and n>0, r is 0 or 1, m.gtoreq.0 and n+m ranges from 1 to 100.This block copolymer is preferably partially hydrogenated, epoxidized and crosslinked through at least some of the epoxy functionality to form an adhesive, coating or sealant composition.

Abstract: The invention provides dispersants and dispersant viscosity index improvers which include polymers of conjugated dienes which have been hydrogenated and functionalized. The dispersant substances include compositions including a copolymer of a ring substituted styrene and a conjugated diene. The polymers are selectively hydrogenated to produce polymers which have highly controlled residual amounts of aromatic unsaturation, permitting highly selective functionalization. Also provided are lubricant fluids, such as mineral and synthetic oils, which have been modified in their dispersancy and/or viscometric properties by means of the dispersant substances of the invention. Also provided are methods of modifying the dispersancy and/or viscometric properties of lubricating fluids such as mineral and synthetic lubricating oils. The dispersant substances may also include a carrier fluid to provide dispersant concentrates.

Abstract: The invention provides dispersants and dispersant viscosity index improvers which include polymers of conjugated dienes which have been hydrogenated and functionalized. The dispersant substances include compositions including a copolymer of two different conjugated dienes, a copolymer of a p-alkylstyrene and a conjugated diene, or a homopolymer of a conjugated diene. The polymers are selectively hydrogenated to produce polymers which have highly controlled amounts of unsaturation, permitting highly selective functionalization. Also provided are lubricant fluids, such as mineral and synthetic oils, which have been modified in their dispersancy and/or viscometric properties by means of the dispersant substances of the invention. Also provided are methods of modifying the dispersancy and/or viscometric properties of lubricating fluids such as mineral and synthetic lubricating oils. The dispersant substances may also include a carrier fluid to provide dispersant concentrates.

Abstract: Chlorine-free, non-drying copolymer of isobutene with C.sub.4 -C.sub.10 -dienes having isolated or conjugated double bonds and containing at least 60 mol % of terminal double bonds, and a process for their preparation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the dimerization of a conjugated diene using an iron triad metal nitrosyl halide, in combination with a reducing agent, as catalyst. The process is characterized in that the dimerization is carried out in the presence of nitrogen monoxide (NO). The invention is of interest in particular for the dimerization of butadiene to 4-vinyl cyclohexene.

Abstract: A catalyst, which is active in the oligomerization of olefins is an X-ray-amorphous silica-alumina-nickel oxide gel having an SiO.sub.2 /Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 molar ratio of from 30/1 to 500/1, and NiO/SiO.sub.2 molar ratio of from 0.001/1 to 0.01/1, a superficial area of from 500 m.sup.2 /g to 1.000 m.sup.2 /g, and a porosity of from 0.3 ml/g to 0.6 ml/g, the means pore diameter being 1 nm (10 Angstrom), and devoid of pores having a diameter over 3 nm (30 Angstrom). The catalyst selectively dimerizes isobutene into alpha- and beta-isobutene and oligomerizes propylene into its relative dimers and trimers. A process is described for preparing the silica-alumina-nickel oxide gel.

Abstract: There is disclosed a linear block copolymer comprising at least one triblock I-B-I, wherein I is a block of at least one polymerized conjugated diene of at least five (5) carbon atoms, such as isoprene, and B is a block of a polymer of at least one conjugated diene, different from that used to polymerize the block I, of at least four (4) carbon atoms, such as butadiene. The B block is selectively hydrogenated, while each of the I blocks is unhydrogenated and therefore retains a sufficient amount of its original unsaturation to vulcanize the copolymer. There is also disclosed an alternative linear block copolymer containing at least one triblock of the first polymer block made from a minor proportion of at least one aryl-substituted olefin, such as styrene, and a major proportion of at least one conjugated diene used to polymerize the block I, the second middle polymer block of at least one diene used to polymerize the block B, and the third polymer block which is the same as the first polymer block.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of octadienols, comprising the hydrodimerization reaction of 1,3-butadiene with water in the presence of a transition metal in the metal form or in the form of a compound of the said metal, of a water-soluble tertiary or quaternary phosphorus-containing compound and of at least one nitrogen-containing compound selected from the group consisting of a tertiary amine and a quaternary ammonium salt of general formula (I) or (II): ##STR1## in which R.sub.p, R.sub.q and R.sub.s are identical or different and each is a methyl or ethyl group; R.sub.r is an alkyl group containing from 6 to 22 carbon atoms; X is a counter-anion selected from the group consisting ofHCO.sub.3.sup.-, CO.sub.3.sup.2-, HSO.sub.3.sup.-, SO.sub.3.sup.2-, SiO.sub.3.sup.2-,PO.sub.4.sup.3-, HPO.sub.3.sup.2-, AsO.sub.4.sup.3-, SO.sub.4.sup.2-, HSO.sub.4.sup.-, RSO.sub.3.sup.-, RCO.sub.2.sup.-, and OH.sup.-, R being an alkyl group; the said reaction being carried out in the presence of carbon dioxide.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for carrying out the selective dimerization of isobutene in order to produce alpha- and beta-di-isobutene dimer.sub.3, according to which process an isobutene stream is brought into contact, under dimerization conditions, with a solid silica gel/alumina catalyst which is amorphous when analyzed by X-ray diffraction, displays a molar ratio of SiO.sub.2 /Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 comprised within the range of from 30:1 to 500:1, has a surface-area comprised within the range of from 500 to 1000 m.sup.2 /g, a porosity of from 0.3 to 0.6 ml/g and an average pore diameter of approximately 10 .ANG. (.ANG.ngstrom), and is free from pores with a larger diameter than 30 .ANG..

Abstract: A method of manufacturing methylidene-group-containing .alpha.,.omega.-unsaturated oligomers from .alpha.,.omega.-diolefins in the presence of a catalytic amount of organoaluminum compounds, wherein the .alpha.,.omega.-diolefins are reacted in the liquid phase, at 150.degree.-350.degree. C., and the organoaluminum compounds have formula AlX.sub.3 or AlX.sub.2 H, where X represents an aliphatic, alicyclic, or aromatic hydrocarbon group with 1-30 C atoms. The higher molecular weight hydrocarbons manufactured according to this method are substantially linear oligomers which contain reactive double bonds.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a polyunsaturated olefinic compound, i.e. undeca-1,3,5-triene, in its (3E,5Z) isomeric form, consisting of four consecutive steps starting from deca-1,4-diyne, is disclosed.Said process has the advantage of making it possible to obtain the desired isomer in its essentially pure form.

Abstract: Block and random straight chain and star-branched liquid copolymers of two different conjugated dienes, the residual ethylenic unsaturation of the polymerized units of one of which, e.g. isoprene, is less readily hydrogenated than that of the other diene, e.g., butadiene. In the case of block copolymers, the terminal blocks of a straight chain copolymer or the blocks of the free ends of the branches of a star-branched copolymer are composed of the less readily hydrogenated diene polymer while the more readily hydrogenated diene polymer is in the form of central blocks of a straight chain copolymer or interior blocks of the branches of a star-branched copolymer.

Abstract: A toner composition comprised of multiblock or liquid glass resin particles with a glass transition temperature of between from about 20.degree. C. to about 65.degree. C., and pigment particles.

Abstract: Catalyst supports, catalyst systems, methods for the preparation thereof, and dimerization process therewith are provided catalyst supports are extruded from a thick paste of potassium carbonate and water catalyst systems comprise at least one elemental alkali metal deposited on the catalyst support. Optionally, the catalyst system further comprises at least one promoter.

Abstract: There is disclosed a linear block copolymer comprising at least one triblock I-B-I, wherein I is a block of at least one polymerized conjugated diene of at least five (5) carbon atoms, such as isoprene, and B is a block of a polymer of at least one conjugated diene, different from that used to polymerize the block I, of at least four (4) carbon atoms, such as 1,3-butadiene. The B block is selectively hydrogenated, while each of the I blocks is unhydrogenated and therefore retains a sufficient amount of its original unsaturation to vulcanize the copolymer. There is also disclosed an alternative linear block copolymer containing at least one triblock of the first polymer block made from a minor proportion of at least one aryl-substituted olefin, such as styrene, and a major proportion of at least one conjugated diene used to polymerize the block I, the second middle polymer block of at least one diene used to polymerize the block B, and the third polymer block which is the same as the first polymer block.

Abstract: There is disclosed a linear block copolymer comprising at least one triblock I-B-I, wherein I is a block of at least one polymerized conjugated diene of at least five (5) carbon atoms, such as isoprene, and B is a block of a polymer of at least one conjugated diene, different from that used to polymerize the block I, of at least four (4) carbon atoms, such as 1,3-butadiene. The B block is selectively hydrogenated, while each of the I blocks is unhydrogenated and therefore retains a sufficient amount of its original unsaturation to vulcanize the copolymer. There is also disclosed an alternative linear block copolymer containing at least one triblock of the first polymer block made from a minor proportion of at least one aryl-substituted olefin, such as styrene, and a major proportion of at least one conjugated diene used to polymerize the block I, the second middle polymer block of at least one diene used to polymerize the block B, and the third polymer block which is the same as the first polymer block.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved process for the thermal dimerization of isoprene. In particular, the present process involves heating isoprene at a temperature of from about 110.degree. C. to about 250.degree. C. in the presence of dinitrocresol. The present process is characterized by reduced amounts of polymer product and increased yields of isoprene dimer.

Abstract: A catalyst consisting essentially of (A) a cobalt compound and (B) an organic phosphorus compound represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently hydrogen atoms, alkyl groups or aryl groups, and three X's, which may be the same or different, are electron-donating groups. This catalyst is effectively used in a process for producing a conjugated diene polymer by polymerizing a conjugated diene in a hydrocarbon or halogenated hydrocarbon solvent in the presence of the above catalyst together with (C) an organoaluminum compound and (D) 0.25-1.5 mols, per mol of the organoaluminum compound (C), of water.

Abstract: A light color aliphatic hydrocarbon petroleum resin including a piperylene component and a chain transfer agent component useful as a tackifying agent, especially with copolymers. The resin of the invention has a softening point of about 0.degree.-40.degree. C., a number average molecular weight of from 100 to about 900, a low Gardner color of about 3 or less, and is formed by the aluminum chloride catalyzed polymerization of a feed stream essentially free of butadiene.

Abstract: A continuous, liquid phase method for producing a polymer having a predetermined number of conjugated diene units per molecule in which (a) a first monomer stream is contacted with an organo-lithium compound, in a manner to intimately mix increments of monomer, containing the predetermined number of moles of conjugated diene, with each mole of organo-lithium and continuously mix and move the mixture through a first, elongated reaction zone to react the predetermined number of moles of conjugated diene with one mole of organo-lithium, (b) mixing the effluent from (a) with an alkyl-substituted aromatic hydrocarbon, an organo-alkali metal of potassium, rubidium or cesium and a tertiary amine to form a complex-initiator of the aromatic hydrocarbon, the alkali metal and the amine, (c) mixing the effluent from (b) with a second stream of monomer, in a manner to intimately mix increments of monomer, containing the predetermined number of moles of conjugated diene, with each mole of complex-initiator and continuously

Abstract: The dimerization of acrylate esters and of ethene and the codimerization of acrylate esters with C.sub.2-4 -alkenes or 1,3-butadiene and of 1,3-butadiene with ethene in the presence of:(a) a Pd and/or Ru compound,(b) a compound containing one trivalent N or P atom, and(c) an Ag and/or Cu salt,yields at an increased reaction rate dimers of high linearity, when a quinone is also present.

Abstract: Two new compounds which are attractive to male fall cankerworm moths, Alsophila pometaria, in the field, are described. They are (Z,Z,Z,E)-3,6,9,11-nonadecatetraene and (Z,Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9,11-nonadecatetraene. These compounds, separately and together, and these two compounds together with a third, [(Z,Z,Z)3,6,9-nonadecatriene], act as attractants to male fall cankerworm moths and can be used to monitor, confuse or attempt to control, populations of the moths.

Abstract: The process according to the invention consists in dimerizing a conjugated diene in the presence of a catalyst obtained by bringing together (A) at least one nickel complex of formula NiZ.sub.q in which q is the coordination number of the nickel and Z is at least one ligand capable of complexing nickel and (B) at least one phosphorus-containing ligand of general formula ##STR1## in which: R.sub.1 is chosen from a hydrogen atom and hydrocarbon radicals,R.sub.2 and R.sub.3, which may be identical or different, are chosen from a hydrogen atom and hydrocarbon radicals optionally bearing at least one group chosen from alcohol, thiol, thioether, amine, imine, acid, ester, amide and ether groups, andm is greater than or equal to 1.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising:(a) an organometallic compound corresponding to the following general formula: RMe wherein R represents a saturated aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical having from 2 to 8 carbon atoms; and Me represents an alkali metal;(b) a compound corresponding to the following general formula: R'OMe' wherein R' represents a saturated aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical having from 2 to 8 carbon atoms; and Me' represents an alkali metal; and(c) a tertiary aliphatic triamine.A process for the preparation of said catalyst wherein components (a), (b) and (c) are dissolved, in any order, in an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon and reacted at temperatures of from 0.degree. to 100.degree. C., and its use in the preparation of telomeric polybutadiene homo- or co-polymers.

Abstract: A process for the dimerization and cyclization of isobutene to form, as preferred product, paraxylene in which the whole of the product of isobutene dimerization (including unreacted feedstock) is contacted with a catalyst for the cyclization of the isobutene dimer. The process is operable in a single dimerization/cyclization stage or in separate dimerization and cyclization stages with no intermediate separation of products. Optionally, the isobutene feedstock is provided by dehydrogenation of isobutane, unreacted isobutane in the resulting feedstock being carried through the dimerization/cyclization and eventually recycled.