Abstract: Methods for producing alcohols and oligomers contemporaneously from a hydrocarbon feed containing mixed butenes using an acid based catalyst are provided. Additionally, methods for producing fuel compositions having alcohols and oligomers prepared from mixed olefins are also provided as embodiments of the present invention. In certain embodiments, the catalyst can include a dual phase catalyst system that includes a water soluble acid catalyst and a solid acid catalyst.

Abstract: A method of making a heterogenously supported catalyst useful in dimerization, oligomerization or polymerization is provided in which a catalyst precursor containing a metal and an aromatic group are alkylated onto an oligomeric support having at least one terminal unsaturated group by Friedel Crafts alkylation.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods and equipment for converting C3+ olefin to, e.g., one or more of di-C3+ olefin, oligomers and polymers of C3+ olefin, branched C4+-aldehydes, C4+-carboxylic acids, and C4+ oxygenates. The invention encompasses producing methyl tert-butyl ether and diisobutylene, and converting methyl tert-butyl ether to isobutylene.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment is a process for oligomerizing one or more hydrocarbons. The process includes providing a feed including one or more C3 and C4 hydrocarbons to a separation zone, separating a first stream including an effective amount of C3 olefins for oligomerizing, separating a second stream including an effective amount of one or more C4 olefins for oligomerizing, providing at least a portion of the first stream to a first oligomerization zone for producing at least one of a C9 and a C12 hydrocarbon, and providing at least a portion of the second stream to a second oligomerization zone for producing at least one of a C8 and a C12 hydrocarbon.

Abstract: A process for oligomerizing isoolefins, the process including: feeding an isoolefin to an oligomerization reaction zone; feeding an oxygen-containing reaction moderator to the oligomerization reaction zone; concurrently in the oligomerization reaction zone: contacting the isoolefin with an oligomerization catalyst to convert at least a portion of the isoolefin to oligomers comprising dimers and trimers of the isoolefin; reacting a portion of the moderator with a portion of at least one of the isoolefin and the oligomers to form an oxygenated oligomerization byproduct; recovering an effluent from the oligomerization reaction zone comprising the oligomers and the oxygenated oligomerization byproduct; fractionating at least a portion of the effluent to recover a fraction comprising the oxygenated oligomerization byproduct and the trimers and a fraction comprising the dimers.

Abstract: A process for making diesel and turbine fuels including, providing an effective amount of branched olefins, adding active heterogeneous acid catalyst(s) to said branched olefins to produce a solvent-free mixture, heating said solvent-free mixture greater than about 100° C. for a desired amount of time depending on various conditions, to produce C16 dimers/catalyst mixture, removing said catalysts from said dimers/catalyst mixture, and adding hydrogenation catalyst(s) to said dimers under hydrogen atmosphere to produce a mixture of stable fuels.

Abstract: A process for making diesel and turbine fuels including, providing an effective amount of branched olefins, adding active heterogeneous acid catalyst(s) to said branched olefins to produce a solvent-free mixture, heating said solvent-free mixture greater than about 100° C. for a desired amount of time depending on various conditions, to produce C16 dimers/catalyst mixture, removing said catalysts from said dimers/catalyst mixture, and adding hydrogenation catalyst(s) to said dimers under hydrogen atmosphere to produce a mixture of stable fuels.

Abstract: A process for the dimerization of isoolefins is disclosed. The process may include: contacting an isoolefin with sulfurous acid in a reaction zone at conditions of temperature and pressure sufficient to dimerize at least a portion of the isoolefin.

Abstract: A process for the dimerization of isoolefins, including: contacting an isoolefin with a solid catalyst composition passivated with at least one of an ether, an alcohol, and water; wherein the solid catalyst composition comprises at least one of a solid phosphoric acid catalyst and a resin of a macroporous matrix of polyvinyl aromatic compound crosslinked with a divinyl compound and having thereon from about 3 to 5 milli equivalents of sulfonic acid groups per gram of dry resin; and wherein at least 50% to less than 100% of acid groups in the solid catalyst composition are neutralized with a metal of Al, Fe, Zn, Cu, Ni, or mixtures thereof. The catalyst may be metalized prior to placement in a reactor or may be metalized in situ.

Abstract: Catalytic composition comprising at least one non-aqueous ionic liquid medium of general formula Q1+A1?, in which Q1+ represents an organic cation and A1? represents an anion, and at least one ionic component of general formula Q2+A2?, in which Q2+ represents an organic cation comprising at least one sulphonic acid or carboxylic acid function, and A2? represents an anion. The invention also relates to an isobutene dimerization process using the catalytic composition.

Abstract: This invention is a process for producing diisobutylene from isobutylene. The process comprises first contacting a sulfonic acid resin with a reaction feed comprising isobutylene and tertiary butyl alcohol to produce a product stream comprising diisobutylene, isobutylene, tertiary butyl alcohol, and water. The product stream is distilled to produce a first overhead stream comprising water and isobutylene and a first bottoms stream comprising diisobutylene and tertiary butyl alcohol. Water is separated from the first overhead stream, and the resulting isobutylene-enriched stream is recycled back to the reaction step. The first bottoms stream is distilled to produce a second overhead stream comprising tertiary butyl alcohol and a bottoms product stream comprising diisobutylene.

Abstract: A process for the dimerization of isoolefins is disclosed.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for making higher olefins by oligomerization of a lower olefin e.g ethylene, to higher olefins, using catalytic distillation conditions. Simultaneously and interdependently, the lower olefin is catalytically oligomerized to higher olefins, and said higher olefins are separated and recovered as liquid.

Abstract: The invention provides a mixed heteroatomic ligand for an oligomerization of olefins catalyst, which ligand includes at least three heteroatoms, of which at least one heteroatom is sulfur and at least two heteroatoms are not the same. The invention also provides a multidentate mixed heteroatomic ligand for an oligomerization of olefins catalyst, which ligand includes at least three heteroatoms of which at least one is a sulfur atom. The ligand may also contain, in addition to sulfur, at least one nitrogen or phosphorous heteroatom.

Abstract: This invention is a process for producing diisobutylene from isobutylene. The process comprises first forming dry sulfonic acid resin by contacting water wet sulfonic acid resin catalyst with a first reaction feed comprising isobutylene under conditions effective to produce tertiary butyl alcohol from the reaction of isobutylene and water, and then contacting the dry sulfonic acid resin with a second reaction feed comprising isobutylene under conditions effective to oligomerize isobutylene to produce diisobutylene.

Abstract: The invention relates to a multi-layer catalyst made from niobium for the catalytic conversion of hydrocarbons, comprising a) a support component made from a doped or undoped oxide or hydroxide of an element of the V sub-group of the periodic table, or mixtures thereof, b) a layer of a promoter compound, selected from oxygen, sulphur or phosphorus compounds of an element of the VI, VII and VIII sub-group or a phosphoxy compound and mixtures thereof and c) a layer comprising a compound of platinum metal. The invention further relates to a method for production of the catalyst and the use thereof.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for polymerising olefins to branched polyolefins in the presence of a polymerisation catalyst and a cocatalyst, wherein the cocatalyst produces 1-octene in a selectivity greater than 30%.

Abstract: A method for dimerizing isobutene, wherein, in dimerizing conditions, the isobutene is brought into contact with a porous cation exchange resin comprising a styrene polymer, which is cross-linked with divinyl benzene, and any sulphonic acid groups adhering to the polymer. The harmful deactivation of this catalyst, which is caused by the accumulation of the oligomers and polymers of isobutene and other C4-olefins in the cation exchange resin catalyst, is essentially decreased by selecting the cation exchange resin from a group including cation exchange resins, the acid,capacity of which is 4.7 equivalents/kg at a minimum, and the portion of divinyl benzene units of which is 5% by weight at a minimum and smaller than 20% by weight.

Abstract: Process for oligomerizing an alkene stream over a solid catalyst comprising sulfur and nickel, in which the oligomerization is carried out in two or more successive catalyst zones and the molar ratio of sulfur to nickel in the first catalyst zone is less than 0.5 and that in the last catalyst zone is 0.5 or more and, in the case of further catalyst zones between the first and last catalyst zones, the molar ratio of sulfur to nickel in each catalyst zone is not less than that in the immediately preceding catalyst zone, based on the main flow direction of the feed stream.

Abstract: An oligomerization catalyst for olefins having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms is produced by treating aluminum oxide with a nickel compound and a sulfur compound, either simultaneously or firstly with the nickel compound an then with the sulfur compound, and subsequently drying and calcining the resulting catalyst, wherein a molar ratio of sulfur to nickel in the finished catalyst of from 0.25:1 to 0.38:1 is set in this way. The catalyst and its use are also described.

Abstract: This invention is a process for producing diisobutylene from isobutylene. The process comprises first oligomerizing isobutylene to diisobutylene using a sulfonic acid-type ion exchange resin. The oligomerization step is followed by contacting the diisobutylene product with an adsorbent to remove sulfur impurities produced during the oligomerization step. The adsorbent is a large pore zeolite such as zeolite X and zeolite Y. Optionally, the purified diisobutylene may be hydrogenated to isooctane using a hydrogenation catalyst.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing high-purity diisobutene by reaction of isobutene or isobutene-containing hydrocarbon mixtures over a solid acidic ion-exchange resin containing sulfonic acid groups whose protons have been partly replaced by metal ions and to the use of the diisobutene.

Abstract: Process for the selective oligomerization of ethylene to give ?-olefins essentially consisting of C4 to C8, characterized in that it is carried out in the presence of a catalytic system comprising the complex having general formula (II): (L)M(Y)n wherein L represents the ligand having general formula (I) M represents a transition metal; Y is selected from groups of an anionic nature bound to the metal as anion in ionic couple or with a covalent bond of the “?” type.

Abstract: A catalyst used for trimerization of ethylene into 1-hexene is descrobed, which comprises (i) a specific organometallic complex having a neutral multidentate ligand having a tripod structure, (ii) an alkylaluminoxane, and an optional ingredient selected from: (iii) a halogenated inorganic compound, (iv) a specific alkyl group-containing compound, (v) a combination of a halogenated inorganic compound with a specific alkyl group-containing compound, (vi) an amine compound and/or an amide compound, and (vii) a combination of an amine compound and/or an amide compound with a specific alkyl group-containing compound.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for dimerizing isobutene, wherein, in dimerizing conditions, the isobutene is brought into contact with a porous cation exchange resin comprising a styrene polymer, which is cross-linked with divinyl benzene, and any sulphonic acid groups adhering to the polymer. The harmful deactivation of this catalyst, which is caused by the accumulation of the oligomers and polymers of isobutene and other C4-olefins in the cation exchange resin catalyst, is essentially decreased by selecting the cation exchange resin from a group including cation exchange resins, the acid capacity of which is 4.7 equivalents/kg at a minimum, and the portion of divinyl benzene units of which is 5% by weight at a minimum and smaller than 20% by weight.

Abstract: An oligomerization process for the production of higher aliphatic olefins is disclosed. In the process, a liquid oligomerization feed stream comprising lighter aliphatic olefins is passed to a reactor vessel. The liquid oligomerization feed stream is transported upwardly in the reactor vessel against gravity through a fixed bed of solid oligomerization catalyst under oligomerization conditions. The catalyst has a Hammett acidity value of ?4 or less. A liquid oligomerization effluent stream is recovered comprising product higher aliphatic olefins.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a method for oligomerizing olefinic monomers under oligomerization conditions to form higher olefins. The novel method comprises contacting a feed comprising the olefinic monomers with a catalyst composition comprising the reaction product of: (a) a compound having a formula selected from the group consisting of M[S2C2(RaRb)]2 and M[S2C6(R1R2R3R4)]2, wherein M is a late transition metal, Ra, Rb, R1, R2, R3 and R4 are independently selected and may be the same or different and are selected from hydrogen, electron-withdrawing groups and unsubstituted and substituted hydrocarbyl groups; and (b) an activating cocatalyst. The improved method advantageously relates to oligomerizing olefinic monomers from feed streams having contaminants, especially sulfur-containing contaminants.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing high-purity diisobutene by reaction of isobutene or isobutene-containing hydrocarbon mixtures over a solid acidic ion-exchange resin containing sulfonic acid groups whose protons have been partly replaced by metal ions and to the use of the diisobutene.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for alkylating a hydrcarbon feed which comprises contacting the hydrocarbon feed to be alkylated with an alkylation agent in the presence of a catalyst comprising a solid acid, a hydrogenation component consisting essentially of one or more Group VIII noble metals, and at least about 0.05 wt % of sulfur, based on the total weight of the catalyst composition. The invention further pertains to a catalyst suitable for said process and to a process for the preparation of said catalyst. The use of said catalyst results in a high conversion of the alkylation agent, a high C5+ alkylate yield, and a good stability, while the selectivity has improved over the use of a comparable catalyst without sulfur.

Abstract: A process is described for the production of hydrocarbons with a high octane number starting from hydrocarbon cuts containing isobutene by means of selective dimerization with acid catalysts, characterized in that the dimerization reaction is carried out in a tubular reactor using a feeding containing isobutene in quantities of less than 20% by weight and with a molar ratio linear olefins/isobutene greater than 3, preferably operating at a reaction temperature ranging from 30 to 120° C., at a pressure of less than 5 MPa and at feeding space velocities of less than 60 h−1.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of 1-hexane consisting in effecting the oligomerization of ethylene in the presence of a catalyst comprising a vanaduim complex having the formula: (arene)2 VX wherein the term arene represents benzene or mono-, di-, or tri-alkylsubstituted benzene, V is a vanaduim ion with a low wxidation state, and X is an anion selected from non-coordinated anions such as B(Ar)4—, AlCl4—, carboxylates and sulfonates.

Abstract: A method for producting a solid acid catalyst is provided which produces a shaped material of a solid acid catalyst containing a sulfureous component but have a high activity and having a practically sufficient handleability and mechanical strength involves the steps of (a) fabricating a support containing a portion of zirconia and/or hydrated zirconia and a portion of alumina and/or hydrated alumina and having a peak diameter in the range of 0.05 to 1 &mgr;m in a pore diameter distribution of 0.05 to 10 &mgr;m; and having a sulfuerous component supported on the support or (b) fabricating a support containing a portion of zirconia and/or hydrated zirconia and a portion of alumina and/or hydrated alumina and including pores having a pore diameter of not less than 0.05 &mgr;m and not more than 1 &mgr;m occupying a pore volume of 0.05 to 0.5 ml/g and pores having a pore diameter of about 1 &mgr;m and not more than 10 &mgr;m occupying a pore volume of below 0.

Abstract: An oligomerization process for the production of higher aliphatic olefins is disclosed. In the process, a liquid oligomerization feed stream comprising lighter aliphatic olefins is passed to a reactor vessel. The liquid oligomerization feed stream is transported upwardly in the reactor vessel against gravity through a fixed bed of solid oligomerization catalyst under oligomerization conditions. The catalyst has a Hammett acidity value of −4 or less. A liquid saturate stream comprising paraffins is passed into contact with the feed stream and the catalyst. A liquid oligomerization effluent stream is recovered comprising the paraffins and product higher aliphatic olefins.

Abstract: A method of preparing a catalyst system which comprises mixing a first solid material comprising at least one perfluoroalkylsulfonic acid salt with a second solid material comprising at least one silanol comprising hydroxy groups and silicon to form a gel comprising silica and the at least one perfluororalkylsulfonic acid salt, and contacting the gel with an acidic solution to convert at least a portion of the at least one perfluoroalkylsulfonic acid salt to at least one perfluoroalkylsulfonic acid is disclosed. Alternatively, a method of preparing a catalyst system which comprises mixing at least one perfluoroalkylsulfonic acid salt with silica gel to form a gel comprising silica and at least one perfluororalkylsulfonic acid salt, and contacting the gel with an acidic solution to convert at least a portion of the at least one perfluororalkylsulfonic acid salt to at least one perfluororalkylsulfonic acid is disclosed.

Abstract: A process is provided for the production of a gasoline blending fraction rich in isooctane by the dimerization of isobutylene using tertiary butyl alcohol modifier and lower alkane diluent; advantageously the isobutylene is derived from the dehydration of tertiary butyl alcohol.

Abstract: A process for carrying out a reaction on an organic feed, for example dimerization, co-dimerization, oligomerization or metathesis of olefins, as described in which the catalyst is a catalytic metal compound dissolved in a non-aqueous ionic medium which is not or is only slightly miscible with hydrocarbons. The reaction is carried out in a system comprising at least two treatment loops each comprising at least one reaction zone and at least one zone for separating the organic and polar phases between which the polar medium containing the catalytic metal compound, and the organic phase circulate. Fresh polar phase is injected into the second loop and used polar phase is eliminated from the first loop. The hydrocarbon to be transformed is injected into the first loop and the products are withdrawn from the second loop. The invention also concerns a unit for carrying out the process.

Abstract: A process for oligomerizing at least one heavy olefin having at least 5 carbon atoms per molecule in the presence of at least one co-fed light olefin having less than 5 carbon atoms per molecule is disclosed. The presence of the at least one co-fed light olefin results in increased C6=(C6 olefin) conversion (if present as one of the at least one heavy olefins), increased weight % of C11+ hydrocarbons in the C9+ material of the product and increased cetane of the C9+ material of the product as compared to the oligomerization of the at least one heavy olefin without the co-fed at least one light olefin.

Abstract: A process for upgrading a feedstock comprising lower oligomers and higher oligomers of isobutylene by oligomerizing the lower oligomer fraction thereof to higher molecular weight components.

Abstract: A process for producing an ether and an olefin from a hydrocarbon cut containing at least one tertiary olefin, comprises synthesis of at least one tertiary alkyl ether then fractionation to obtain an organic fraction (E1) which is enriched in the tertiary alkyl ether which is decomposed into a product containing at least one alcohol and at least one tertiary olefin, which is purified in a water washing extraction zone (L1) to obtain an aqueous fraction (A1) containing the major portion of the alcohol and a fraction (B1) containing the major portion of the tertiary olefin, at least a portion of fraction (B1) being sent to a separation zone (Co1) from which an aqueous liquid fraction (La1) and a liquid fraction (Lb1) containing the major portion of the tertiary olefin are recovered.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of linear alpha-olefins is disclosed. The process employs, for the purposes of oligomerizing an unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon to linear alpha-olefins, a catalyst mixture comprising titanium aryl and/or titanium alkoxide, organoaluminum halide and optionally one or more additives selected from a group containing phosphorus, oxygen and sulphur compounds.

Abstract: A process is described for the production of hydrocarbons with a high octane number starting from hydrocarbon cuts containing isobutene by selective dimerization with acid catalysts characterized in that the dimerization reaction is carried out in the presence of primary alcohols and alkyl others in such a quantity as to have in the feeding a molar ratio primary alcohols+alkyl ethers/isobutene of more than 0.1 and a molar ratio primary alcohols/isobutene of less than 0.2, operating, preferably, at a reaction temperature of between 30 and 120.degree. C., at a pressure of less than 5 MPa and feeding space velocities of less than 30 h.sup.-1.

Abstract: A process for the continuous oligomerization of ethylene to produce linear alpha olefins by oligomerizing ethylene in a polar phase comprising a solution of transition metal catalyst system at oligomerization conditions including a temperature and pressure greater than the critical temperature and pressure of ethylene. The resulting hydrocarbon phase containing oligomers and unreacted ethylene is subjected to physical treatment which tends to render the ethylene a nonsolvent for oligomers and thereby produce a liquid stream rich in unreacted ethylene which may be recycled to the oligomerization reaction zone by pumping.

Abstract: A process is provided for the production of a gasoline blending fraction rich in isooctane by the dimerization of isobutylene using tertiary butyl alcohol modifier and isoalkane diluent; advantageously the isobutylene is derived from the dehydration of tertiary butyl alcohol and the isoalkane used as diluent in the dimerization is the product formed by hydrogenation of the oligomerization product.

Abstract: Alpha-olefin oligomer is prepared by contacting an alpha-olefin monomer which contains from about 6 to about 20 carbon atoms with a catalyst system comprising boron trifluoride, a protic promoter, and an organic sulfone, sulfoxide, carbonate, thiocarbonate, or sulfonate. Oligomer containing as much as 50% or more of dimer can be produced at high conversions, at modest reaction temperatures, and in acceptably short reaction periods.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the oligomerization of lower alpha olefins, and particularly ethylene, to higher olefins in the presence of a catalyst precursor having either or both of a dithiophosphinate complex and a heterobifunctional ligand having a phosphine center and an imine or similar center, in the presence of an activator. The catalysts have a high reactivity and a good selectivity.

Abstract: 1-pentene dimers of .alpha.-methylstyrenes are produced with high selectivity in good productivity by stirring 50 to 95 parts by weight of an .alpha.-methylstyrene in the presence of 50 to 5 parts by weight of an aqueous solution of a sulfonic acid, and a 1-pentene dimer having good preservative property is then collected by removing the sulfonic acid, adjusting the resulting reaction solution to pH 8 or higher and distilling the neutralized reaction solution.

Abstract: A catalyst composition comprising a perfluorinated ion-exchange polymer containing sulfonic acid groups supported on an inert carrier having a hydrophobic surface with a mean pore diameter of at least 1000 .ANG.. Use of this catalyst provides improved hydrocarbon conversion processes for oligomerization of olefins, hydration of olefins and hydrolysis of esters.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for preparing synthetic lubricant base stocks having a high dimer to trimer ratio from long-chain olefins. These synthetic lubricant base stocks are prepared in good yield by dimerizing linear olefins using a catalyst comprising a silica gel alkylsulfonic acid.

Abstract: An ethylene dimerization process catalyzed by a hetergenous catalyst comprising a nickel compound, a phosphine compound, an organoaluminum compound, and a perfluorosulfonate polymer is provided. The dimerization process comprises contacting ethylene under dimerization conditions with the catalyst which is prepared by adding a homogeneous solution, formed by mixing under ethylene pressure the organoaluminum solution with a mixture of the nickel compound and the phosphine compound, to a suspension of the perfluorosulfonate polymer in an alcohol.

Abstract: An improved process is disclosed for preparing synthetic lubricant base stocks. Synthetic lubricant base stocks are prepared in good yield by oligomerizing linear olefins using sulfate-activated molecular sieves as catalyst.