Abstract: The present invention discloses processes for oligomerizing a monomer containing C3 to C30 olefins using a chemically-treated solid oxide, such as fluorided silica-coated alumina and fluorided-chlorided silica-coated alumina.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment is a process for oligomerizing one or more hydrocarbons. The process includes providing a feed including one or more C3 and C4 hydrocarbons to a separation zone, separating a first stream including an effective amount of C3 olefins for oligomerizing, separating a second stream including an effective amount of one or more C4 olefins for oligomerizing, providing at least a portion of the first stream to a first oligomerization zone for producing at least one of a C9 and a C12 hydrocarbon, and providing at least a portion of the second stream to a second oligomerization zone for producing at least one of a C8 and a C12 hydrocarbon.

Abstract: A process for oligomerizing isoolefins, the process including: feeding an isoolefin to an oligomerization reaction zone; feeding an oxygen-containing reaction moderator to the oligomerization reaction zone; concurrently in the oligomerization reaction zone: contacting the isoolefin with an oligomerization catalyst to convert at least a portion of the isoolefin to oligomers comprising dimers and trimers of the isoolefin; reacting a portion of the moderator with a portion of at least one of the isoolefin and the oligomers to form an oxygenated oligomerization byproduct; recovering an effluent from the oligomerization reaction zone comprising the oligomers and the oxygenated oligomerization byproduct; fractionating at least a portion of the effluent to recover a fraction comprising the oxygenated oligomerization byproduct and the trimers and a fraction comprising the dimers.

Abstract: A process for making diesel and turbine fuels including, providing an effective amount of branched olefins, adding active heterogeneous acid catalyst(s) to said branched olefins to produce a solvent-free mixture, heating said solvent-free mixture greater than about 100° C. for a desired amount of time depending on various conditions, to produce C16 dimers/catalyst mixture, removing said catalysts from said dimers/catalyst mixture, and adding hydrogenation catalyst(s) to said dimers under hydrogen atmosphere to produce a mixture of stable fuels.

Abstract: The present invention discloses processes for oligomerizing a monomer containing internal olefins using a solid acid catalyst. Illustrative monomers can contain at least 50 wt. % C6 to C24 internal olefins.

Abstract: A process for making diesel and turbine fuels including, providing an effective amount of branched olefins, adding active heterogeneous acid catalyst(s) to said branched olefins to produce a solvent-free mixture, heating said solvent-free mixture greater than about 100° C. for a desired amount of time depending on various conditions, to produce C16 dimers/catalyst mixture, removing said catalysts from said dimers/catalyst mixture, and adding hydrogenation catalyst(s) to said dimers under hydrogen atmosphere to produce a mixture of stable fuels.

Abstract: A process for the dimerization of isoolefins is disclosed. The process may include: contacting an isoolefin with sulfurous acid in a reaction zone at conditions of temperature and pressure sufficient to dimerize at least a portion of the isoolefin.

Abstract: The present invention describes a novel catalytic composition comprising at least one nickel complex, said complex being obtained from a mixture comprising at least one nickel precursor A with at least one imino-imidazole ligand B and a method of oligomerization of olefins using said catalytic composition.

Abstract: We provide a process, comprising: a. selecting a kinematic viscosity; b. feeding an olefin feed comprising a propylene to an oligomerization zone comprising an ionic liquid catalyst prepared from an organic-based cation; c. tuning an oligomerizing step to produce a base oil having the kinematic viscosity and a viscosity index from 20 to 90. We also provide a process, comprising: a. selecting a kinematic viscosity greater than 20 mm2/s; b. feeding a feed comprising propylene to an oligomerization zone comprising an ionic liquid catalyst prepared from an organic-based cation; and c. adding a Brönsted acid to produce a base oil. Additionally, we provide process, comprising tuning a step in an oligomerization zone comprising a propylene and an ionic liquid catalyst prepared from an organic-based cation to produce a base oil having: a. a high kinematic viscosity; b. a viscosity index from 25 to 90; and c. a low pour point.

Abstract: A catalytic composition for the selective oligomerization of ethylene and a process for preparing light linear (?-olefins, especially 1-hexene and 1-octene, starting from ethylene, using this composition, said composition comprising the following components: (A) a compound of a transition metal M of Group 4 of the periodic table; (B) an organic compound containing the sulfonic group (>SO2) bonded to two carbon atoms; (C) a hydrocarbyl organometallic compound of a metal M? selected from elements of Groups 1, 2, 12, 13 or 14 of the periodic table; components (A), (B) and (C) being in such a quantity that the atomic ratios respectively of the metal M in (A), of the sulfur S in the sulfonic group of (B) and of the metal M? in (C), respect the following proportions: S/M=(from 0 to 20)/1 and M?/M=(from 2 to 2000)/1, on the condition that when the compound of the metal M in component (A) is not a sulfonic complex of M, the S/M ratio is greater than 0.5, preferably greater than 1.

Abstract: A process, comprising: a. selecting a kinematic viscosity; b. feeding an olefin feed comprising a propylene to an oligomerization zone; c. tuning an oligomerizing step to produce a base oil having the kinematic viscosity and a viscosity index from 20 to 90. A process, comprising: a. selecting a kinematic viscosity that is greater than 20 mm2/s; b. feeding a feed comprising propylene to an oligomerization zone; and c. adding a Brönsted acid to produce a base oil. A process, comprising tuning a step in an oligomerization zone comprising a propylene and an ionic liquid catalyst to produce a base oil having: a. a high kinematic viscosity; b. a viscosity index from 25 to 90; and c. a low pour point. A base oil, comprising oligomerized olefins, wherein the base oil has: a. a high kinematic viscosity; b. a viscosity index from 25 to 90; and c. a low pour point.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of oligomeric poly alpha-olefins comprises oligomerizing low molecular weight PAO in the presence of an ionic liquid catalyst under oligomerization conditions. The low molecular weight PAOs used as a feed or feed component of the present process are the light olefinic by-product fraction including the dimers and light fractions from the metallocene-catalyzed PAO oligomerization process.

Abstract: A process is described for the production of high-octane hydrocarbon compounds by means of the selective dimerization of isobutene, in the presence of C5 hydrocarbons and oxygenated compounds (branched alcohols or alternatively blends of linear or branched alcohols and alkyl ethers) characterized in that it utilizes a catalytic distillation as second reaction step.

Abstract: This invention is a process for producing diisobutylene from isobutylene. The process comprises first contacting a sulfonic acid resin with a reaction feed comprising isobutylene and tertiary butyl alcohol to produce a product stream comprising diisobutylene, isobutylene, tertiary butyl alcohol, and water. The product stream is distilled to produce a first overhead stream comprising water and isobutylene and a first bottoms stream comprising diisobutylene and tertiary butyl alcohol. Water is separated from the first overhead stream, and the resulting isobutylene-enriched stream is recycled back to the reaction step. The first bottoms stream is distilled to produce a second overhead stream comprising tertiary butyl alcohol and a bottoms product stream comprising diisobutylene.

Abstract: The invention describes a process for oligomerization of the olefins into compounds or into a mixture of compounds of general formula CpH2p with 4?p?80 that implements a catalytic composition that comprises at least one organometallic complex of an element of group IV that is selected from among titanium, zirconium, or hafnium, whereby said organometallic complex contains at least one aryloxy-type (or phenyloxy-type) ligand that is functionalized by a heteroatom that is selected from among nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus or sulfur or by an aromatic group.

Abstract: A process, comprising: a. selecting a kinematic viscosity; b. feeding an olefin feed comprising a propylene to an oligomerization zone; c. tuning an oligomerizing step to produce a base oil having the kinematic viscosity and a viscosity index from 20 to 90. A process, comprising: a. selecting a kinematic viscosity that is greater than 20 mm2/s; b. feeding a feed comprising propylene to an oligomerization zone; and c. adding a Brönsted acid to produce a base oil. A process, comprising tuning a step in an oligomerization zone comprising a propylene and an ionic liquid catalyst to produce a base oil having: a. a high kinematic viscosity; b. a viscosity index from 25 to 90; and c. a low pour point. A base oil, comprising oligomerized olefins, wherein the base oil has: a. a high kinematic viscosity; b. a viscosity index from 25 to 90; and c. a low pour point.

Abstract: This disclosure provides for alpha olefin oligomers and polyalphaolefins (or PAOs) and methods of making the alpha olefin oligomers and PAOs. This disclosure encompasses metallocene-based alpha olefin oligomerization catalyst systems, including those that include at least one metallocene and an activator comprising a solid oxide chemically-treated with an electron withdrawing anion. The alpha olefin oligomers and PAOs prepared with these catalyst systems can have a high viscosity index combined with a low pour point, making them particularly useful in lubricant compositions and as viscosity modifiers.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for making higher olefins by oligomerization of a lower olefin e.g ethylene, to higher olefins, using catalytic distillation conditions. Simultaneously and interdependently, the lower olefin is catalytically oligomerized to higher olefins, and said higher olefins are separated and recovered as liquid.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for integrating a butene dimerization process with a metathesis process to remove isobutene from the feed stream to the metathesis reactor. The isobutene is preferentially dimerized in the dimerization process to leave n-butenes for metathesis with ethylene. An upstream selective hydrogenation process also isomerizes 1-butenes to 2-butenes which is the preferred butene reagent in the metathesis process. A common fractionator column for the dimerization and hydrogenation processes is also described.

Abstract: The invention provides a mixed heteroatomic ligand for an oligomerization of olefins catalyst, which ligand includes at least three heteroatoms, of which at least one heteroatom is sulfur and at least two heteroatoms are not the same. The invention also provides a multidentate mixed heteroatomic ligand for an oligomerization of olefins catalyst, which ligand includes at least three heteroatoms of which at least one is a sulfur atom. The ligand may also contain, in addition to sulfur, at least one nitrogen or phosphorous heteroatom.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of oligomeric poly alpha-olefins comprises oligomerizing low molecular weight PAO in the presence of an ionic liquid catalyst under oligomerization conditions. The low molecular weight PAOs used as a feed or feed component of the present process are the light olefinic by-product fraction including the dimers and light fractions from the metallocene-catalyzed PAO oligomerization process.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for integrating a butene dimerization process with a metathesis process to remove isobutene from the feed stream to the metathesis reactor. The isobutene is preferentially dimerized in the dimerization process to leave n-butenes for metathesis with ethylene. An upstream selective hydrogenation process also isomerizes 1-butenes to 2-butenes which is the preferred butene reagent in the metathesis process. A common fractionator column for the dimerization and hydrogenation processes is also described.

Abstract: The invention provides a mixed heteroatomic ligand for an oligomerisation of olefins catalyst, which ligand includes at least three heteroatoms, of which at least one heteroatom is sulfur and at least two heteroatoms are not the same. The invention also provides a multidentate mixed heteroatomic ligand for an oligomerisation of olefins catalyst, which ligand includes at least three heteroatoms of which at least one is a sulfur atom. The ligand may also contain, in addition to sulfur, at least one nitrogen or phosphorous heteroatom.

Abstract: This invention is a process for producing diisobutylene from isobutylene. The process comprises first forming dry sulfonic acid resin by contacting water wet sulfonic acid resin catalyst with a first reaction feed comprising isobutylene under conditions effective to produce tertiary butyl alcohol from the reaction of isobutylene and water, and then contacting the dry sulfonic acid resin with a second reaction feed comprising isobutylene under conditions effective to oligomerize isobutylene to produce diisobutylene.

Abstract: Process for oligomerizing an alkene stream over a solid catalyst comprising sulfur and nickel, in which the oligomerization is carried out in two or more successive catalyst zones and the molar ratio of sulfur to nickel in the first catalyst zone is less than 0.5 and that in the last catalyst zone is 0.5 or more and, in the case of further catalyst zones between the first and last catalyst zones, the molar ratio of sulfur to nickel in each catalyst zone is not less than that in the immediately preceding catalyst zone, based on the main flow direction of the feed stream.

Abstract: An oligomerization catalyst for olefins having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms is produced by treating aluminum oxide with a nickel compound and a sulfur compound, either simultaneously or firstly with the nickel compound an then with the sulfur compound, and subsequently drying and calcining the resulting catalyst, wherein a molar ratio of sulfur to nickel in the finished catalyst of from 0.25:1 to 0.38:1 is set in this way. The catalyst and its use are also described.

Abstract: A composition comprising a metal oxide, a silica-containing material, a gallium-containing material, an aluminum-containing material, and a promoter, wherein at least a portion of the promoter is present as a reduced-valence promoter and methods of preparing such composition are disclosed. The thus-obtained composition is employed in a desulfurization zone to remove sulfur from a hydrocarbon stream.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for the oligomerization of olefins, wherein an olefin is brought into contact with a catalyst system that is obtained from a chromium source, a cycloalkylalkyl-substituted triazacyclohexane, especially a 1,3,5-tris-(cycloalkylalkyl)-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane and an activator such as an alkyl aluminum compound or an alkylalumoxane.

Abstract: This invention is a process for producing diisobutylene from isobutylene. The process comprises first oligomerizing isobutylene to diisobutylene using a sulfonic acid-type ion exchange resin. The oligomerization step is followed by contacting the diisobutylene product with an adsorbent to remove sulfur impurities produced during the oligomerization step. The adsorbent is a large pore zeolite such as zeolite X and zeolite Y. Optionally, the purified diisobutylene may be hydrogenated to isooctane using a hydrogenation catalyst.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing high-purity diisobutene by reaction of isobutene or isobutene-containing hydrocarbon mixtures over a solid acidic ion-exchange resin containing sulfonic acid groups whose protons have been partly replaced by metal ions and to the use of the diisobutene.

Abstract: A catalyst composition for use in dimerizing, co-dimerizing or oligomerizing olefins comprises: at least one zero-valent nickel complex; at least one acid with formula H+X? in which X? represents an anion; and at least one ionic liquid with general formula Q+ A? in which A? is an anion identical to or different from X?. The composition can also comprise a nitrogen-containing ligand. It can be used in dimerizing, co-dimerizing, oligomerizing and in polymerizing olefins.

Abstract: Process for the selective oligomerization of ethylene to give ?-olefins essentially consisting of C4 to C8, characterized in that it is carried out in the presence of a catalytic system comprising the complex having general formula (II): (L)M(Y)n wherein L represents the ligand having general formula (I) M represents a transition metal; Y is selected from groups of an anionic nature bound to the metal as anion in ionic couple or with a covalent bond of the “?” type.

Abstract: A catalyst used for trimerization of ethylene into 1-hexene is descrobed, which comprises (i) a specific organometallic complex having a neutral multidentate ligand having a tripod structure, (ii) an alkylaluminoxane, and an optional ingredient selected from: (iii) a halogenated inorganic compound, (iv) a specific alkyl group-containing compound, (v) a combination of a halogenated inorganic compound with a specific alkyl group-containing compound, (vi) an amine compound and/or an amide compound, and (vii) a combination of an amine compound and/or an amide compound with a specific alkyl group-containing compound.

Abstract: An oligomerization process for the production of higher aliphatic olefins is disclosed. In the process, a liquid oligomerization feed stream comprising lighter aliphatic olefins is passed to a reactor vessel. The liquid oligomerization feed stream is transported upwardly in the reactor vessel against gravity through a fixed bed of solid oligomerization catalyst under oligomerization conditions. The catalyst has a Hammett acidity value of ?4 or less. A liquid oligomerization effluent stream is recovered comprising product higher aliphatic olefins.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a method for oligomerizing olefinic monomers under oligomerization conditions to form higher olefins. The novel method comprises contacting a feed comprising the olefinic monomers with a catalyst composition comprising the reaction product of: (a) a compound having a formula selected from the group consisting of M[S2C2(RaRb)]2 and M[S2C6(R1R2R3R4)]2, wherein M is a late transition metal, Ra, Rb, R1, R2, R3 and R4 are independently selected and may be the same or different and are selected from hydrogen, electron-withdrawing groups and unsubstituted and substituted hydrocarbyl groups; and (b) an activating cocatalyst. The improved method advantageously relates to oligomerizing olefinic monomers from feed streams having contaminants, especially sulfur-containing contaminants.

Abstract: The invention relates to process for dimerizing olefinic hydrocarbon feedstock, to hydrocarbon compositions and to fuel components produced by the process. According to the invention, fresh olefinic hydrocarbon feedstock is fed to a reaction zone of a system including at least one reaction zone and at least one distillation zone. The olefinic hydrocarbon feedstock is contacted with an acidic catalyst in the presence of an oxygenate at conditions in which at least a part of the olefins dimerizes. The effluent from the reaction zone is conducted to the distillation zone where dimerized reaction product is separated from effluent, and at least one flow comprising oxygenate is withdrawn from the side of at least one distillation column. The flow is circulated from distillation zone back to dimerization. The reaction mixture is recovered and optionally hydrogenated to form a parafinic reaction product.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising A) a stationary acid component selected from the group consisting of a perfluorinated ion exchange polymer on an inert support, a silane modified perfluorosulfonic acid, and a sulfated metal oxide; and B) a mobile acid component selected from the group consisting of chlorosulfonic acid, fluorosulfonic acid, a fluorinated monosulfonic acid, a fluorinated sulfonimide, a fluorinated disulfonic acid, and an adjunct acid mixture is disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a method for oligomerizing olefinic monomers under oligomerization conditions to form higher olefins. The novel method comprises contacting a feed comprising the olefinic monomers with a catalyst composition comprising the reaction product of: (a) a compound having a formula selected from the group consisting of M[S2C2(RaRb)]2 and M[S2C6(R1R2R3R4)]2, wherein M is a late transition metal, Ra, Rb, R1, R2, R3 and R4 are independently selected and may be the same or different and are selected from hydrogen, electron-withdrawing groups and unsubstituted and substituted hydrocarbyl groups; and (b) an activating cocatalyst. The improved method advantageously relates to oligomerizing olefinic monomers from feed streams having contaminants, especially sulfur-containing contaminants.

Abstract: A process is described for the production of hydrocarbons with a high octane number starting from hydrocarbon cuts containing isobutene by means of selective dimerization with acid catalysts, characterized in that the dimerization reaction is carried out in a tubular reactor using a feeding containing isobutene in quantities of less than 20% by weight and with a molar ratio linear olefins/isobutene greater than 3, preferably operating at a reaction temperature ranging from 30 to 120° C., at a pressure of less than 5 MPa and at feeding space velocities of less than 60 h−1.

Abstract: The present invention intends to provide an ethylene/&agr;-olefin copolymer of specific structure, exhibiting excellent performance as a lubricant oil additive, capable of having various functional groups in high ratio, and serviceable as raw material for various solubilizing agents. The ethylene/&agr;-olefin copolymer of the present invention is composed of ethylene and an &agr;-olefin having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and characterized by specific characteristics.

Abstract: A method for producting a solid acid catalyst is provided which produces a shaped material of a solid acid catalyst containing a sulfureous component but have a high activity and having a practically sufficient handleability and mechanical strength involves the steps of (a) fabricating a support containing a portion of zirconia and/or hydrated zirconia and a portion of alumina and/or hydrated alumina and having a peak diameter in the range of 0.05 to 1 &mgr;m in a pore diameter distribution of 0.05 to 10 &mgr;m; and having a sulfuerous component supported on the support or (b) fabricating a support containing a portion of zirconia and/or hydrated zirconia and a portion of alumina and/or hydrated alumina and including pores having a pore diameter of not less than 0.05 &mgr;m and not more than 1 &mgr;m occupying a pore volume of 0.05 to 0.5 ml/g and pores having a pore diameter of about 1 &mgr;m and not more than 10 &mgr;m occupying a pore volume of below 0.

Abstract: An oligomerization process for the production of higher aliphatic olefins is disclosed. In the process, a liquid oligomerization feed stream comprising lighter aliphatic olefins is passed to a reactor vessel. The liquid oligomerization feed stream is transported upwardly in the reactor vessel against gravity through a fixed bed of solid oligomerization catalyst under oligomerization conditions. The catalyst has a Hammett acidity value of −4 or less. A liquid saturate stream comprising paraffins is passed into contact with the feed stream and the catalyst. A liquid oligomerization effluent stream is recovered comprising the paraffins and product higher aliphatic olefins.

Abstract: A process for preparing halogen-free, reactive polyisobutene having a terminal double bond content of more than 60 mol % and an average molecular weight Mn of 800-3000 dalton by cationic polymerization in the liquid phase of isobutene over an acidic, essentially halogen-free heterogeneous catalyst, where a) a hydrocarbon mixture of essentially C4-hydrocarbons comprising isobutene in an amount of from 10 to 80% by weight is used as the starting material and b) polymerization is carried out continuously at from −30 to 0° C. with average starting material residence times of one hour or less, where the temperature and the residence time are selected such that the isobutene conversion is less than 60% and, after separation from the resulting polyisobutene, the isobutene is either enriched in the partially converted hydrocarbon mixture and returned to the polymerization or passed to another isobutene reaction coupled with the polymerization.

Abstract: A method of preparing a catalyst system which comprises mixing a first solid material comprising at least one perfluoroalkylsulfonic acid salt with a second solid material comprising at least one silanol comprising hydroxy groups and silicon to form a gel comprising silica and the at least one perfluororalkylsulfonic acid salt, and contacting the gel with an acidic solution to convert at least a portion of the at least one perfluoroalkylsulfonic acid salt to at least one perfluoroalkylsulfonic acid is disclosed. Alternatively, a method of preparing a catalyst system which comprises mixing at least one perfluoroalkylsulfonic acid salt with silica gel to form a gel comprising silica and at least one perfluororalkylsulfonic acid salt, and contacting the gel with an acidic solution to convert at least a portion of the at least one perfluororalkylsulfonic acid salt to at least one perfluororalkylsulfonic acid is disclosed.

Abstract: A process is provided for the production of a gasoline blending fraction rich in isooctane by the dimerization of isobutylene using tertiary butyl alcohol modifier and lower alkane diluent; advantageously the isobutylene is derived from the dehydration of tertiary butyl alcohol.

Abstract: A process for oligomerization of C4 and C5 isoolefins or the etherification thereof with C1 to C6 alcohols wherein the reactants are contacted first in a partial liquid phase reactor (boiling point reactor) with a fixed bed acid cation exchange resin catalyst at an LHSV of 5 to 20, pressure of 0 to 400 psig and temperature of 120 to 300° F., at a pressure to maintain the reaction mixture at its boiling point whereby at least a portion but less than all of the reaction mixture is vaporized and the entire reaction stream is directed to a catalytic distillation column reactor for further reaction of the reactants, where the improvement is having a decoupling drum between the boiling point reactor and the catalytic distillation column reactor. The addition of a decoupler drum allows the reactors to operate at a pressure independent of each other.

Abstract: A process for oligomerizing at least one heavy olefin having at least 5 carbon atoms per molecule in the presence of at least one co-fed light olefin having less than 5 carbon atoms per molecule is disclosed. The presence of the at least one co-fed light olefin results in increased C6=(C6 olefin) conversion (if present as one of the at least one heavy olefins), increased weight % of C11+ hydrocarbons in the C9+ material of the product and increased cetane of the C9+ material of the product as compared to the oligomerization of the at least one heavy olefin without the co-fed at least one light olefin.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of linear alpha-olefins is disclosed. The process employs, for the purposes of oligomerizing an unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon to linear alpha-olefins, a catalyst mixture comprising titanium aryl and/or titanium alkoxide, organoaluminum halide and optionally one or more additives selected from a group containing phosphorus, oxygen and sulphur compounds.

Abstract: Functionalized cyclic olefins and methods for making the same are disclosed. Methods include template-directed ring-closing metathesis ("RCM") of functionalized acyclic dienes and template-directed depolymerization of functionalized polymers possessing regularly spaced sites of unsaturation. Although the template species may be any anion, cation, or dipolar compound, cationic species, especially alkali metals, are preferred. Functionalized polymers with regularly spaced sites of unsaturation and methods for making the same are also disclosed. One method for synthesizing these polymers is by ring-opening metathesis polymerization ("ROMP") of functionalized cyclic olefins. The metathesis catalysts for both RCM and ROMP reaction are ruthenium or osmium carbene complex catalysts of the formula ##STR1## where M is Os or Ru; R and R.sup.1 each may be hydrogen, C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 alkenyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 alkynyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl, aryl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 carboxylate, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkoxy, C.sub.2 -C.sub.

Abstract: Catalysts and processes are described to make low molecular weight, essentially terminally-unsaturated, viscous poly(1-olefin) or copoly(1-olefin) having a high terminal vinylidine content from a feed stock containing one or more 1-olefin and other volatile hydrocarbon liquids using a Ziegler catalyst made from a Group IVb metallocene and an aluminoxane cocatalyst, particularly bis(cyclopentadienyl) and bis(indenyl) titanium(IV), zirconium(IV) or hafnium(IV) compounds and methylaluminoxane. A particularly useful feed stock is a refinery stream containing 1-olefins and isobutylene which is used to make polyisobutylene.