Abstract: The present invention provides a method, an apparatus and chemical products for treating petroleum equipment wherein a fluid is flowing, preferably of the hydrocarbon type, and wherein treating is performed by establishing a closed or semi-closed flow circulation loop, during the normal production operations of the equipment. The treatment can refer to the cleaning of equipment, to yield improvement as compared to normal run conditions and/or to a reduction of coke formation and/or to coke removal on catalysts.

Abstract: An apparatus and method is presented for reducing mono nitrogen oxide emissions in a hydrocarbon processing furnace. A preferred embodiment hydrocarbon cracking furnace includes a firebox with a set of wall burners and a set of floor burners, the floor burners comprising secondary burner tips burning a fuel-rich mixture and positioned below primary burner tips burning a fuel-lean mixture. A portion of flue gases are recirculated from the primary burner combustion area to the secondary burner combustion area and back to the primary burner combustion area. The floor burners further comprise a set of steam injection ports that inject steam into a conical flow to contact flames at the primary burner tips, reducing flame temperature and thereby reducing thermal NOx. The steam injection ports are positioned in the firebox above the primary burner tips.

Abstract: Process for making a bio-diesel and a bio-naphtha and optionally bio-propane from a complex mixture of natural occurring fats & oils, wherein said complex mixture is subjected to a refining treatment for removing the major part of the non-triglyceride and non-fatty acid components, thereby obtaining refined oils; said refined oils are subjected to a fractionation step for obtaining: an unsaturated or substantially unsaturated, liquid or substantially liquid triglyceride part (phase L); and a saturated or substantially saturated, solid or substantially solid triglyceride part (phase S); and said phase L is transformed into alkyl-esters as bio-diesel by a transesterification; said phase S is transformed into linear or substantially linear paraffin's as the bio-naphtha: by an hydrodeoxygenation or from said phase S are obtained fatty acids that are transformed into linear or substantially linear paraffin's as the bio-naphtha by hydrodeoxygenation or decarboxylation of the free fatty acids or from said

Abstract: Systems and processes for producing one or more olefins are provided. A feed containing C4 compounds can be dehydrogenated to provide a first product containing butene. At least a portion of the first product can be bypassed around a methyl-tert-butyl-ether production unit and cracked in a first cracker to provide a second product containing propylene, ethylene, and butane. A light hydrocarbon containing gas oils, full range gas oils, resid or any combination thereof can be cracked in a second cracker to provide a cracked hydrocarbon containing propylene, ethylene, and butane. An alkane can be cracked in a third cracker to provide cracked alkanes containing propylene, ethylene, and butane. The second product, cracked hydrocarbons, and cracked alkanes can be combined and separated to provide a third product containing propylene and a first recycle containing butane. At least a portion of the first recycle can be recycled to the first product prior to cracking.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing hydrogen is disclosed wherein a hydrocarbon gas is fed into an electric reaction technology system to decompose the hydrocarbon gas to hydrogen gas and carbon solids. The electric reaction technology system comprises one or more heating zones, wherein each heating zone comprises one or more heating stations and each heating station comprises one or more heating screens followed by a final near-equilibrium attainment zone without additional heat input. After passing the hydrogen gas through the electric reaction technology system the hydrogen gas and any remaining carbon solids and hydrocarbon gas are cooled. The hydrogen gas and any remaining carbon solids and hydrocarbon gas flow through a scrubber, filter, drier or other phase separation system to remove substantially all of the carbon, leaving hydrogen product. The electric reaction technology system can also be used to pyrolyze hydrocarbons.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a technology to establish a new cycle-based organic chemical industry, which may be called a polymer cascade (polymer reflux industry) wherein the polymer substances shall not remain the final products, but still give birth to synthetic materials as raw materials for chemical industry and produce useful organic compounds.

Abstract: Provided is a process for converting methane at a remote natural gas site into ethylene and other products. Methane is converted into syngas which is converted into a low-sulfur liquid hydrocarbon mixture containing less than 1 ppm sulfur via Fischer-Tropsch (FT) syntheses. The low-sulfur Fischer-Tropsch liquids are transferred from the remote site to an existing facility where a sulfur-containing compound or a sulfur-containing hydrocarbon mixture is added to avoid coking problems. The resultant blend of hydrocarbons which has a sulfur content of at least 1 ppm, is fed to a naphtha cracking unit and ethylene recovered.

Abstract: A process for producing methylacetylene and propadiene in a reaction zone which is elongate in one direction (one axis) comprises a heating zone and a cooling zone following said heating zone, in which a gas mixture comprising at least one hydrocarbon containing at least three carbon atoms e.g. propane and/or propylene from stream cracking, and at least one diluent is circulated in the heating zone, under super-atmospheric pressure, in a flow direction substantially parallel to the direction (to the axis) of the heating zone, wherein the heating zone comprises at least one preheating zone in which the temperature of said gas mixture increases by about 50° C. to 120° C. per {fraction (1/10)} of the length of the heating zone, at least one pyrolysis zone for the feed in which the temperature rises by about 20° C. to 50° C. per {fraction (1/10)} of the length of the heating zone and at least one methylacetylene-propadiene formation zone in which the temperature climbs by about 70° C.

Abstract: A cyclic process for the purification of a diolefin hydrocarbon stream produced in a naphtha steam cracker to produce a high quality diolefin hydrocarbon stream having extremely low levels of acetylene over an extended period because of the ability to readily cyclically regenerate catalyst contained in an off-line selective hydrogenation reaction zone. The spent or partially spent catalyst is contacted with a stream containing naphtha and hydrogen to restore at least a portion of the fresh catalyst activity by the extraction of polymer compounds therefrom.

Abstract: Described is a process for the production of depolymerized natural rubber, which makes it possible to obtain, at high reaction efficiency, of depolymerized natural rubber in the liquid form and having a narrow molecular weight distribution; and also a process for the production of depolymerized natural rubber which is free from odor or coloring peculiar to natural rubber and is also free from the danger of immediate allergy derived from protein.The process according to the present invention comprises adding a carbonyl compound to a natural rubber latex, and then subjecting the resulting natural rubber to air oxidation in the presence of a radical forming agent or adding a carbonyl compound to the latex of deproteinized natural rubber and then subjecting the deproteinized natural rubber to air oxidation optionally in the presence of a radical forming agent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the conversion of polymers and particularly for the conversion of plastic containers or other plastic wastes. The process requires a minimum number of steps for treating typical industrial plastic wastes. The process comprises placing the mixed polymers in contact with a solvent that dissolves part of the polymers and separates the other fractions. The solvent fraction is subjected to treatment for the recovery of lower molecular weight stream that can be utilized in refining operations or other chemical operations.

Abstract: This invention relates to use of synthetic layered material MCM-56 as a sorbent and as a catalyst component in catalytic conversion of organic compounds. Examples of sorbent use include rapid sorption of hydrocarbons and separating at least one hydrocarbon component from a mixture of hydrocarbon components having differential sorption characteristics with respect to MCM-56. Examples of catalytic use include acid catalyzed reactions, such as cracking, aromatic compound alkylation, and isoalkane alkylation.

Abstract: Apparatus and process for compressing and quenching a cracked gas stream from a hydrocarbon cracking furnace including the step of feeding furnace output directly into an ejector in the effluent line, the ejector acting to quench and compress the effluent by injection of pressurized motive fluid into the ejector thereby rapidly mixing the motive fluid with the effluent for quick quenching and compression to prevent coke build-up and allow efficient heat exchanger and low pressure furnace operation.

Abstract: Milled polymers are contacted with a liquid which dissolves selectively polystyrene and which separates by specific gravity polyolefins from PET and PVC. Then, at least one of the sorted polymers is converted into lower molecular weight products.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process and an apparatus for steam cracking a mixture of hydrocarbons comprising passing steam and the mixture of hydrocarbons through at least one heated cracking tube. The process is characterised in that it is controlled by analyzing the mixture of hydrocarbons fed to the cracking tube with an infrared spectrophotometer to determine the absorbances at a number n of wavelengths in the range 0.8 to 2.6 microns and by using the results of this absorbance to determine one or more values V of steam cracking process conditions which will achieve a desired value P of the space time yield of one or more products of the steam cracking reaction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of olefins and diolefins by the cracking of hydrocarbons in the presence of steam, consisting in passing a mixture of hydrocarbons and steam flowing in a cracking tube disposed inside a radiation zone of a furnace. The process is characterized in that the mean dwell time of the mixture of flowing in the cracking tube between the inlet and the outlet of the radiation zone is from 300 to 1800 milliseconds, and the reaction volume is greater in the first half of the tube length than in the second one. The present invention relates also to a cracking furnace in which the ratio between the length and the mean diameter of the cracking tube is from 200 to 600, and the tube diameter decreases from the inlet to the outlet of the radiation zone.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of olefins by the cracking of hydrocarbons consisting in passing a mixture of hydrocarbons and steam flowing in a cracking tube disposed inside a radiation zone of a furnace. The process is characterized in that an increase of the cracking temperature of the mixture between the inlet and the outlet of the radiation zone is associated to a non-homogeneous distribution of the thermal power of the furnace, greater at the beginning of the cracking tube than at the end, and to a reaction volume which is greater in the second half of the length tube than in the first one.The present invention relates also to a cracking furnace in which between the inlet and the outlet of the radiation zone the diameter of the cracking tube increases and the thermal power of the heating means decreases.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of dienes and/or trienes comprising reacting a polyolefinically unsaturated compound in the presence of a heterogeneous disproportionation catalyst with a compound according to the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, which may be the same or different, each represents an alkyl, aryl, alkaryl or aralkyl group which may or may not contain one or more inert substituents or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 form part of a cyclic structure together with the carbon atom to which they are attached. Isononadiene (2,6-dimethyl-1,5-heptadiene) and/or 2,6,10-trimethyl-1,5,9-undecatriene can be obtained by reacting cis-1,4-polyisoprene with isobutene in the presence of a heterogeneous disproportionation catalyst.

Abstract: A process and catalyst for the catalytic pyrolysis of hydrocarbon to olefins and diolefins at temperatures in the range 600.degree.-750.degree. C. and pressures of 0.1 to 20 atmospheres. The catalyst is a bifunctional synthetic modified mordenite zeolite of the formula (yH.multidot.zM.multidot.uNa) O.multidot.Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .multidot.SiO.sub.2 wherein M is Cu, Ag or Co/2 and u+y+z approach or equal 2. Good yields of ethylene and propylene are obtained from hydrocarbon feedstocks having boiling points up to 550.degree. C.