Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the conversion of a feedstock comprising at least 50 wt % related to the total weight of the feedstock of triglycerides, fatty acid esters and/or fatty acids having at least 10 carbon atoms into hydrogen, olefins, dienes, aromatics, gasoline, diesel fuel, jet fuel, naphtha and liquefied petroleum gas comprising: a) introducing of said feedstock in a first reactor to produce linear paraffins in presence of a hydrodesulfurization catalyst and hydrogen, b) separating the effluent of said first reactor in at least three parts to produce at least a first stream comprising part of said linear paraffins and at least a second stream comprising part of said linear paraffins, and at least a third stream comprising part of said linear paraffins c) sending said first stream to a steam cracker to produce hydrogen, olefins, dienes, aromatics and gasoline, diesel fuel being further fractionated; d) introducing said second stream into a second reactor in presence of a hydrocr

Abstract: Process for making a bio-diesel and a bio-naphtha and optionally bio-propane from a complex mixture of natural occurring fats & oils, wherein said complex mixture is subjected to a refining treatment for removing the major part of the non-triglyceride and non-fatty acid components, thereby obtaining refined oils; said refined oils are subjected to a fractionation step for obtaining: an unsaturated or substantially unsaturated, liquid or substantially liquid triglyceride part (phase L); and a saturated or substantially saturated, solid or substantially solid triglyceride part (phase S); and said phase L is transformed into alkyl-esters as bio-diesel by a transesterification; said phase S is transformed into linear or substantially linear paraffin's as the bio-naphtha: by an hydrodeoxygenation or from said phase S are obtained fatty acids that are transformed into linear or substantially linear paraffin's as the bio-naphtha by hydrodeoxygenation or decarboxylation of the free fatty acids or from said

Abstract: The present invention relates to an isolated DNA sequence encoding an enzyme (e.g., farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase) in the pathway from isopentenyl pyrophosphate to farnesyl pyrophosphate. Vectors and plasmids including such DNA are also set forth. The invention also includes host cells transformed by such DNAs, or vectors or plasmids containing such DNAs. A process for the production of astaxanthin and/or farnesyl pyrophosphate using such transformed host cells is also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to block copolymers intended to constitute an elastomeric matrix of a cross-linkable rubber composition with reduced hysteresis, to such a rubber composition which is usable in the cross-linked state in a tire tread, to such a tire tread and to a tire comprising said tire tread which exhibits reduced rolling resistance.

Abstract: An alpha-tocopherol is disclosed as a polymerization inhibitor effective against vinyl monomer polymerization. Alpha-tocopherol was found to inhibit polymerization of acrylonitrile and diolefines such as isoprene and butadiene. Alpha-tocopherol was found to interact synergistically with hydroquinone in inhibiting polymerization of acrylonitrile.

Abstract: The invention includes a method for skeletal isomerization of C.sub.4-5 olefins. The method includes contacting in a FCC zone, at FCC conditions, an n-C.sub.4-5 olefins-containing etherification zone raffinate, with an FCC catalyst, where at least a portion of the n-C.sub.4-5 olefins in the n-C.sub.4-5 olefins-containing etherification zone raffinate are converted to iso-C.sub.4-5 olefins.

Abstract: An alkene skeletal isomerization process is employed in an integrated process for the production of tertiary ether, e.g., tertiary amyl methyl ether (TAME) from the reaction of isoamylenes (iC.sub.5.sup.= 's) with methanol in the presence of an acid cation exchange resin. A light naphtha from a fluid catalytic cracking unit is used as the source of the iC.sub.5.sup.= 's in a process which separates the C.sub.5 containing fraction from the light naphtha, selectively hydrogenates the di-olefins contained in the C.sub.5 containing fraction, reacts the iC.sub.5.sup.= 's contained in the C.sub.5 containing fraction with methanol to form TAME, separates the TAME from the unreacted materials as a product, separates methanol from the unreacted materials, isomerizes a portion of the nC.sub.5.sup.= 's to iC.sub.5.sup.= 's , for example using a zeolite or an alumina treated with methanol, and use of the isomerization product as feed for a TAME reactor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of olefins and diolefins by the cracking of hydrocarbons in the presence of steam, consisting in passing a mixture of hydrocarbons and steam flowing in a cracking tube disposed inside a radiation zone of a furnace. The process is characterized in that the mean dwell time of the mixture of flowing in the cracking tube between the inlet and the outlet of the radiation zone is from 300 to 1800 milliseconds, and the reaction volume is greater in the first half of the tube length than in the second one. The present invention relates also to a cracking furnace in which the ratio between the length and the mean diameter of the cracking tube is from 200 to 600, and the tube diameter decreases from the inlet to the outlet of the radiation zone.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of olefins by the cracking of hydrocarbons consisting in passing a mixture of hydrocarbons and steam flowing in a cracking tube disposed inside a radiation zone of a furnace. The process is characterized in that an increase of the cracking temperature of the mixture between the inlet and the outlet of the radiation zone is associated to a non-homogeneous distribution of the thermal power of the furnace, greater at the beginning of the cracking tube than at the end, and to a reaction volume which is greater in the second half of the length tube than in the first one.The present invention relates also to a cracking furnace in which between the inlet and the outlet of the radiation zone the diameter of the cracking tube increases and the thermal power of the heating means decreases.