Abstract: This invention provides an article, compositions, methods of making and uses of vapor-deposited metal compounds immobilized on porous substrates. The substrate is a porous substrate having an average pore size of at least about 8 Å and a surface area of at least about 10 m2/g. The methods describe the vapor-deposition of an inorganic compound onto the substrate where the deposition is accomplished with a relatively small amount of ligand loss. The substrate can be pre-treated to achieve a uniformly dispersed metal compound deposited on the substrate. The inorganic compound can decompose into a metal compound. The article can also function as a catalyst for carbon-heteroatom coupling reactions such as carbon-carbon coupling reactions, most notably, the Heck reaction.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of sulphonated distyryl-biphenyl compounds of formula (1), in which R1 and R2, independently, are hydrogen, C1-C5-alkyl, C1-C5-alkyl or halogen, and M represents Li, K, an alkaline earth metal or ammonium, characterized by, firstly, reacting a compound of formula (2) with a di- or trialkylamine containing 6-12 carbon atoms in each alkyl group, in a two-phase system consisting of strong aqueous mineral acid and a water immisicible organic solvent and, secondly, reacting the resulting lypophilic ammonium salt with LiOH, KOH, an alkaline earth metal hydroxide, ammonia, a mono-, di- or trialkylamine or a tetraalkylammonium hydroxide, all containing 1-4 carbon atoms in each alkyl group; mono-, di- or tri(C2-C4)alkanolamine, morpholine, piperdine or pyrrolidine.

Abstract: A catalyst composition suitable for the conversion of n-butane to butenes. The same catalyst composition that with chlorination is further suitable, when used in the conversion of n-butane, for the production of an increased amount of BTX (benzene-toluene-xylene) and greater selectivity to the production of isobutylenes than attained with the unchlorinated catalyst. A process for the preparation of catalyst compositions suitable for the conversion of n-butane. Use of the catalyst compositions in processes for the conversion of n-butane.

Abstract: The present invention provides an efficient process for the production of ethylene or a mixture of ethylene and vinyl chloride, in which some 1,2-dichloroethane (EDC) may also be produced, by reacting chlorine with ethane. The process is characterized by a conversion of ethane per pass through the reactor of at least about 50%, and a combined molar yield of ethylene and vinyl chloride of at least about 80% based on the ethane consumed. In accordance with this invention, there is provided a process for preparing ethylene or a mixture of ethylene and vinyl chloride by the reaction of ethane and chlorine which comprises:(a) providing a stream of ethane feed gas and a stream of chlorine feed gas;(b) preheating either said ethane stream only or both said ethane and chlorine streams;(c) thoroughly mixing said ethane and chlorine feed gases within about one second and at a molar ratio of ethane to chlorine of at least about 0.9:1.

Abstract: A process for reacting ethane with chlorine to produce a mixture of ethylene and vinyl chloride is disclosed. The process involves the intimate mixing of ethane and chlorine in an ethane to chlorine ratio of at least about 0.9:1 at a temperature such that ethane and chlorine do not react during mixing, and heating the mixture to a temperature above about 215.degree. C. to commence the reaction, allowing the reaction to proceed for a period of less than about 1 minute, and providing sufficient heat to the reacting mixture so that the reacted mixture will have a temperature between about 400.degree. C. and about 800.degree. C.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for obtaining a compound of the formulaAr-Z IIwhere Ar, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are defined in the specification and Z is --C(R.sub.3).dbd.CH.sub.2 or --CH(R.sub.3)CHO where R.sub.3 is defined in the specification. The process utilizes a heterogeneous mixture of the compound of formula I and an alkali or alkaline earth metal in dimethylformamide. The mixture is subjected to ultrasonic vibrations for a time and at a temperature sufficient to produce a compound of formula II: ##STR1## where Ar, R.sub.1, and R.sub.2 are defined above and X is the halo group.

Abstract: A process for hydrodechlorinating 1,2,3-trichloropropane to produce propylene in preference to propane, comprising reacting 1,2,3-trichloropropane and hydrogen in the presence of a Group VIII metal on carbon catalyst, and especially a platinum on carbon catalyst.

Abstract: The invention relates to the conversion of saturated hydrocarbons.According to the invention a first gas containing chlorine and a second gas containing hydrogen are introduced into a chamber (3) so as to mix them. At the exit (4) of this chamber (3) the mixture of chlorine and hydrogen is ignited and the products originating from this flame are then mixed in a chamber (7) with a third gas containing the hydrocarbons to be converted, with a mean weight content of hydrogen element of at least 18%. The effluents from the chamber (7) are collected, quenched and fractionated. The hydrochloric acid is reformed into chlorine which is recycled in the first gas, the hydrogen is recycled in the second gas, and the alkanes in the third gas. The unsaturated hydrocarbons are recovered.The invention applies in particular to the conversion of natural gases into unsaturated hydrocarbons, such as ethylene.

Abstract: Solid solution catalyst in particulate form consisting of attrition resistant .alpha.-Al.sub.2 0.sub.3 particles with 0.5 to 10% by weight, expressed as the oxide, of iron cations substituted for aluminum cations in said catalyst support stabilized with 0.5 to 10% by weight, expressed as the oxide, of lanthanum and modified with at least two, preferably three, metal cations selected from the metals consisting of chromium, cobalt, magnesium, manganese, and barium; wherein one of said metal cations is barium and said catalyst has X-ray diffraction pattern with peak positions different than that of the .alpha.-Al.sub.2 0.sub.3 structure. A process is disclosed which produces ethylene from ethane while producing reduced amounts of vinyl chloride from said ethane to ethylene process.

Abstract: A solid composition of matter selected from the group consisting of:(a) a component comprising: (1) an oxide of lanthanum and a component comprising: (2) at least one material selected from the group consisting of halogen ions, compounds containing halogen ions, tin and compounds containing tin; and(b) a component comprising: (1) at least one material selected from the group consisting of Group IA metals and compounds containing said metals, a component comprising: (2) at least one metal selected from the group consisting of lanthanum and compounds containing lanthanum and, optionally, a component comprising: (3) at least one material selected from the group consisting of halogen ions, compounds containing halogen ions, tin and compounds containing tin,and a method for the oxidative conversion of organic compounds to other organic compounds, particularly in the presence of a free oxygen containing gas.

Abstract: Compositions of matter particularly useful for the oxidative conversion of feed organic compounds to produce organic compounds include combination of Group IIA, zinc, titanium and Lanthanum Series base materials and, optionally, Group IA and/or halogen promoters. A method for the oxidative conversion of feed organic compounds to produce organic compounds, particularly methane, to higher hydrocarbons and saturated C.sub.2 to C.sub.7 hydrocarbons to less saturated hydrocarbons in the presence of an oxygen-containing gas is disclosed utilizing base compositions of matter.

Abstract: Ethylene is prepared in an oxydehydrogenation reaction of ethane by contacting a charge amount of ethane, an oxygen source, a chlorine source and water in the presence of a solid solution catalyst at an effective temperature. A low yield of vinyl chloride and a high yield of ethylene are obtained at a high ethane conversion.

Abstract: A method for the oxidative conversion of methane, at a high conversion and high selectivity to ethylene and ethane, in which a methane-containing gas, such as a natural gas, and an oxygen-containing gas are contacted with a contact material comprising lithium, in an effective amount, preferably 0.1 to 50 wt. % (expressed as the metal), and magnesium oxide, as by passing a mixture of the methane-containing gas and the oxygen-containing gas through a body of the contact material.

Abstract: Oxidative coupling of lower alkane to higher hydrocarbon is conducted using catalyst comprising barium and/or strontium component and a metal oxide combustion promoter in the presence of vapor phase halogen component. High ethylene to ethane mole ratios in the product can be obtained over extended operating periods.

Abstract: Volatilized metal compounds retard vapor phase alkane conversion reactions in oxidative coupling processes that convert lower alkanes to higher hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A process for making ethylene, ethane and other higher hydrocarbons from methane is disclosed. In this process methane is contacted with oxygen in the presence of at least one metal of Group IB of the Periodic Table of the Elements, with the proviso that if the metal is copper an additional Group IB must be present, a metal-containing chloride or a metal-containing compound capable of being formed into a metal-containing chloride in situ, where the metal is manganese, an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal or a rare earth metal of the lanthanide series, and a volatile halide.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of vinyl carbamates of formula I ##STR1## is described which comprises heating an .alpha.-halogeno-carbamate of formula II ##STR2## in which X is a halogen atom at a temperature between 70.degree. and 250.degree. C. for a period of time between several minutes up to several hours. R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, and R.sub.4 are the same or different. The process is applicable to a great variety of products in which R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, and R.sub.4 have different meanings. The process permits to prepare in a simple and economical fashion, vinyl carbamates, which have industrial value and novel vinyl carbamates.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the production of aromatic-rich, gasoline boiling range hydrocarbons from the lower alkanes, particularly from methane. The process is carried out in two stages. In the first, alkane is reacted with oxygen and hydrogen chloride over an oxyhydrochlorination catalyst such as copper chloride with minor proportions of potassium chloride and rare earth chloride. This produces an intermediate gaseous mixture containing water and chlorinated alkanes. The chlorinated alkanes are contacted with a crystalline aluminosilicate catalyst in the hydrogen or metal promoted form to produce gasoline range hydrocarbons with a high proportion of aromatics and a small percentage of light hydrocarbons (C.sub.2 -C.sub.4). The light hydrocarbons can be recycled for further processing over the oxyhydrochlorination catalyst.

Abstract: A solid composition of matter is disclosed consisting essentially of sodium, potassium, a Group IA metal or a Group IA metal and a Group IIA metal, titanium, oxygen and, optionally, at least one of a halogen and tin, in which at least one of the sodium, the potassium, the Group IA metal or the Group IIA metal is present in an amount in excess of any amount present in electrically neutral compounds of the metal, the titanium and oxygen.The above compositions are particularly useful as solid contact materials for the oxidative conversion of feed organic compounds to product organic compounds, particularly in the presence of a free oxygen containing gas. A method for such conversion is also disclosed.

Abstract: Methane is converted to higher hydrocarbons, paticularly ethylene and ethane, and most desirably ethylene, by:contacting a feed comprising methane, such as natural gas, and a free oxygen containing gas, such as oxygen or air, with a solid contact material, comprising:(a) a component comprising: at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Group IA and Group IIA metals;(b) a component comprising: at least one material selected from the group consisting of phosphate radicals and compounds containing phosphate radicals; and(c), optionally, at least one material selected from the group consisting of halogen ions and compounds containing halogen ions,under oxidative conversion conditions sufficient to convert the methane to the higher hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A method for the oxidative conversion of a feed material comprising methane, such as natural gas, to higher hydrocarbons, particularly ethylene and ethane and desirably ethylene, in which feed is contacted with a solid contact material comprising cobalt; at least one metal selected from the group consisting of zirconium, zinc, niobium, indium, lead and bismuth, preferably, zirconium; phosphorous; at least one Group IA metal; and oxygen under oxidative conversion conditions sufficient to convert the methane to the higher hydrocarbons. Substantial improvement in the conversion of methane and selectivity to ethylene and ethane is obtained by adding chlorine to the contact material. The further addition of sulfur to the contact material also improves the conversion and selectivity and permits the method to be carried out in an essentially continuous manner in the presence of a free oxygen containing gas.

Abstract: The catalytic dehydrogenation of at least one dehydrogenatable organic compound which has at least one ##STR1## grouping is carried out in the presence of a zinc silicate catalyst and in the substantial absence of free oxygen.

Abstract: A method for chemically converting methane gas into higher molecular weight hydrocarbons by using chlorine gas as a recyclable, active catalyst.