Abstract: A method is disclosed for producing branched aliphatic ketones in hydrocarbon mixtures from isoalkanes by a superacid catalyzed formylation-rearrangement reaction. The method can be used to simultaneously isomerize, if necessary, and formylate hydrocarbons in complex hydrocarbon mixtures such as refinery streams, alkylate mixtures, and natural gas liquids. Natural gas liquids of low octane number are upgraded and oxygenated by adding to the natural gas liquids or reactively producing in the liquids branched aliphatic ketones.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for preparing non-zeolitic molecular sieves using inexpensive reagents and at lower manufacturing cost. The method includes using a low density, small size particulate hydrated alumina, such as aluminum hydroxide, in place of aluminum alkoxides and other more costly reagents. The preferred particulate hydrated alumina has a density of less than 1.0 g/cm.sup.3, an average particle size of less than about 40 microns and an alkali content of less than 0.12 wt %.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of an isobutane/isohexane containing product comprising passing an isopentane feed to a disproportion stage and disproportionating the isopentane feed in the presence of olefinic and/or higher branched paraffinic hydrocarbons by contact with an acid catalyst having an acidity of H.sub.o >8 at a temperature of between 0.degree. C. and 150.degree. C. and withdrawing an isobutane/isohexane containing product.

Abstract: A process is provided for the disproportionation of C.sub.3 -C.sub.5 paraffins. Propane, butanes and/or pentanes are reacted over a zeolite catalyst having a low acid activity in a turbulent fluidized bed reactor regenerator system operating at low to moderate pressures.

Abstract: Molecular sieve compositions have been synthesized which are resistant to the loss of framework atoms. Specifically, the molecular sieves of the invention have the empirical formulamA: (M.sub.w Al.sub.x Si.sub.y)O.sub.2where A is at least one rare earth metal, M is chromium or titanium and "m", "w", "x" and "y" are the mole fractions of A, M, Al and Si respectively. Applicants have discovered that the rare earth metals prevent loss of chromium and titanium from the framework and degradation of the molecular sieve. Along with the composition, a process for preparing the composition and processes using the composition are disclosed and claimed.

Abstract: The disproportionation of isopentane(s) in the presence of hydrogen fluoride as the catalyst is improved by adding at least one C.sub.6 -C.sub.18 (preferably C.sub.6 -C.sub.8) isoalkane to the isopentane feed.

Abstract: C.sub.4 -C.sub.15 alkanes (preferably C.sub.4 -C.sub.8 alkanes) are disproportionated in the presence of at least one alkylaluminum chloride (preferably isobutylaluminum dichloride), at least one chloroalkane (preferably carbon tetrachloride), and at least one solid material (selected from a group comprising alumina, silica, aluminosilicates, various other aluminum compounds, various boron compounds, and sulfonated styrene polymers).

Abstract: A hydrocarbon fraction, preferably in the kerosene boiling range containing a substantial proportion of C.sub.9 + hydrocarbons is contacted with an n-paraffin fraction, such as n-pentane, over a catalyst of acidic functionality, such as Pd/zeolite beta, under conditions of hydrocracking sufficient to convert the feed to lower boiling range materials of high octane number. The n-paraffin cofeed promotes isomerization and suppresses production of n-paraffins.

Abstract: There is provided a process for isomerizing and/or disproportionating a paraffin over a catalyst comprising MCM-36. Examples of paraffins which may be isomerized and/or disproportionated include those having from 3 to 10 carbon atoms. The reaction may take place in the presence or absence of cofed hydrogen, and the catalyst may optionally include a hydrogenation metal, such as platinum. An example of a particular reaction is the disproportionation of isopentane to produce a product comprising isobutane and branched hexanes.

Abstract: The metathesis of functionalized and unfunctionalized acyclic olefins using catalyst compositions containing iridium and silver in a molar ration of 3 to 1.

Abstract: A process is disclosed that provides a high conversion of n-butane to C.sub.5 + gasoline by integrating the medium pore metallosilicate catalyzed process for fresh n-butane conversion to C.sub.5 + gasoline with a medium pore metallosilicate catalyzed process for propane conversion in a manner which allows a portion of the propane by-product of n-butane conversion to be converted to C.sub.4 + alkanes, followed by recycle of the n-butane portion of the C.sub.4 + alkanes. It has been discovered that separation of the products from the separate propane and n-butane conversion steps can be carried out concurrently in a single fractionator to provide the C.sub.5 + gasoline product and the propane and butane recycle streams. Preferably, the fractionator butane cut is treated in a deisobutanizer to recover isobutane and n-butane recycle. A further discovery utilizes the common fractionator not only to separate the products from the conversion processes but to concurrently separate a mixed fresh C.sub.3 -C.sub.

Abstract: Compositions containing sulfuric acid and one or more of certain chalcogen-containing compounds in which the chalcogen compound/H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 molar ratio is below 2 contain the mono-adduct of sulfuric acid which is catalytically active for promoting organic chemical reactions. Suitable chalcogen-containing compounds have the empirical formula ##STR1## wherein X is a chalcogen, each of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is independently selected from hydrogen, NR.sub.3 R.sub.4, and NR.sub.5, at least one of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is other than hydrogen, each of R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 is hydrogen or a monovalent organic radical, and R.sub.5 is a divalent organic radical. Such compositions are useful for catalyzing organic reactions such as oxidation, oxidative addition, reduction, reductive addition, esterification, transesterification, hydrogenation, isomerication (including racemization of optical isomers), alkylation, polymerization, demetallization of organometallics, nitration, Friedel-Crafts reactions, and hydrolysis.

Abstract: Neopentane is prepared by reaction of neohexane with free hydrogen, in the presence of the supported palladium catalyst, which preferably additionally contains nickel and/or cobalt.

Abstract: Low boiling paraffinic feedstreams such as solvent raffinates and straight run naphthas are disproportionated in the presence of an intermediate pore size zeolite such as ZSM-5 under conditions of moderately elevated temperatures and pressures to produce products boiling in the middle distillate range, such as jet fuel and diesel fuel, of highly paraffinic character.

Abstract: Alkylamines are self-alkylated to longer carbon chain alkylamines using a catalyst mixture comprising of aluminum chloride in combination with cobalt and/or ruthenium carbonyl.

Abstract: Crystalline molecular sieves having three-dimensional microporous framework structure of MO.sub.2, AlO.sub.2, and PO.sub.2 tetrahedral oxide units are disclosed. These molecular sieves have an empirical chemical composition on an anhydrous basis are expressed by the formula:mR: (M.sub.x Al.sub.y P.sub.z)O.sub.2wherein "R" represents at least one organic templating agent present in the intracrystalline pore system; "m" represents the molar amount of "R" present per mole of (M.sub.x Al.sub.y P.sub.z)O.sub.2 ; "M" represents at least two elements capable of forming framework tetrahedral oxides and selected from the group consisting of arsenic, beryllium, boron, chromium, gallium, germanium, lithium and vanadium; and "x", "y" and "z" represent the mole fractions of "M", aluminum and phosphorus, respectively, present as tetrahedral oxides. Their use as adsorbents, catalysts, etc. is disclosed. The catalyst is useful in the cracking and hydrocracking of various hydrocarbonaceous feeds.

Abstract: An improved process is described for converting propane to more valuable hydrocarbons such as butanes and C.sub.5.sup.+ aliphatics over an acidic catalyst having the structure of ZSM-5 by adding a mono- olefin to the propane feed.

Abstract: Process for converting propane to a mixture of normal butane and isobutane by contact with a ZSM-5 type zeolite in the absence of added hydrogen. The isobutane formed may be used to manufacture alkylate for motor fuel.

Abstract: The invention disclosed herein comprises a process for the selective upgrading of combustion quality of a distillate transportation fuel by careful selective dehydrogenation, disproportionation and hydrogenation to convert cycloparaffinic materials contained in the distillate transportation fuel to acyclic paraffinic hydrocarbons, wherein said conversion is undertaken by first forming cyclomonoolefinic hydrocarbons from cycloparaffinic hydrocarbons via dehydrogenation, disproportionating the cyclomonoolefinic hydrocarbons to acyclic di-.alpha.-olefin hydrocarbons and then selectively hydrogenating said di-.alpha.-olefin hydrocarbons in the presence of hydrogen to saturate the double bonds of the di-.alpha.-olefin to form acyclic paraffinic hydrocarbons. The selective disproportionation reaction includes the addition of ethylene or an ethylene acting material to ring open the cyclomonoolefinic material.

Abstract: Titanium-containing molecular sieves are disclosed having use as molecular sieves and as catalyst compositions in hydrocarbon conversion and other processes. The instant invention employs novel titanium-containing molecular sieves comprising titanium, aluminum, phosphorus and oxygen and are generally employable in hydrocarbon conversion processes, including cracking, hydrocracking and hydrotreating.

Abstract: Natural gasoline of low octane value derived from natural gas is upgraded to higher octane value by means of catalyst consisting essentially of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid at temperatures between about 80.degree. C. and about 120.degree. C., and preferably between about 100.degree. C. and about 120.degree. C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the disproportionation of n-olefins comprising contacting the olefin feed with a catalyst composition comprising molybdenum oxide or tungsten oxide supported on silica. The catalyst composition is produced by impregnating a silica support with an alcoholic solution of a halide of a metal selected from molybdenum and tungsten, removing the alcoholic solvent by evaporation, and heat treating the impregnated support at an elevated temperature such that (a) the metal halide is converted to the corresponding oxide and/or an oxy-salt and (b) the halogen content thereof is reduced to less than 0.1% by weight of the total composition. By using a catalyst produced by this method, it is possible to carry out the process so as to selectively produce linear higher olefins.

Abstract: A process for effecting an endothermic and an exothermic reaction, under conversion conditions, in a single reaction zone wherein ethane is endothermically converted to C.sub.3 + hydrocarbons, and wherein an unconverted portion of ethane is simultaneously exothermically hydrogenated to methane in the presence of a catalyst system comprising a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite having a uniform structure characterized by pores, the major dimension of which is less than 6 Angstroms and ZSM-5 type aluminosilicate zeolite, containing a minor amount of Zn in combination with a Group VIII noble metal or a Group IB metal, the exothermic reaction providing sufficient heat to maintain the reaction zone at a temperature capable of sustaining the endothermic reaction.