Abstract: Embodiments of methods and apparatuses for isomerization of paraffins are provided. In one example, a method comprises the steps of separating an isomerization effluent into a product stream that comprises branched paraffins and a stabilizer vapor stream that comprises HCl, H2, and C6-hydrocarbons. C6-hydrocarbons are removed from the stabilizer overhead vapor stream to form a HCl and H2-rich stream. An isomerization catalyst is activated using at least a portion of the HCl and H2-rich stream to form a chloride-promoted isomerization catalyst. A paraffin feed stream is contacted with the chloride-promoted isomerization catalyst in the presence of hydrogen for isomerization of the paraffins.

Abstract: A process, comprising: a. taking a sample from a continuous alkylation reactor process; b. measuring a content of a halide in the sample; and c. within 45 minutes from the taking a sample, adjusting a flow of a halide containing additive comprising the halide to control a ratio of a yield of an alkylate gasoline and a yield of a middle distillate. Also a process, comprising: a. taking a sample from an effluent of an alkylation reactor in an alkylation reactor process; b. measuring a content of a halide in the sample; and c. in response to the measured content of the halide, adjusting a flow of a halide containing additive to a predetermined range that has been selected to obtain a ratio of a yield of an alkylate gasoline and a yield of a middle distillate from 0.31 to 4.0 in a product from the alkylation reactor.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising: a) an alkylation reactor holding an ionic liquid catalyst and a reactant mixture, b) a means for measuring levels of a halide in an effluent from the alkylation reactor, and c) a control system that receives a signal in response to the measuring and communicates changes in an operating condition that influences the yield of products from the reactant mixture. The control system is responsive to deviations outside a predetermined range of halide level that has been selected to obtain a ratio of a yield of an alkylate gasoline and a yield of a middle distillate from 0.31 to 4.0 in the product from the alkylation reactor.

Abstract: A process comprising: a) taking a sample from a continuous reactor process, b)measuring a content of a halide in the sample, and c) in response to the measured content of the halide, adjusting a flow of a halide containing additive comprising the halide to control the process. Also, an apparatus comprising: a) a reactor holding an ionic liquid catalyst and a reactant mixture, b) a means for measuring levels of a halide in an effluent from the reactor, and c) a control system that receives a signal in response to the measuring and communicates changes in an operating condition that influences the yield of a product in the reactant mixture.

Abstract: A process for the isomerization of hydrocarbons using a chloride promoted catalyst wherein an adsorption zone arrangement operates to maintain chloride compounds in the reaction zone and to prevent contamination of product streams with chloride compounds removes normal paraffins from the desorbent stream to extend the capacity and life of a clinoptilolite molecular sieve. The invention preferably uses isoparaffins recovered from the isomerization zone as a desorbent. A gaseous fraction of the isomerization zone effluent can be recovered to provide a desorbent containing a low concentration of normal paraffins.

Abstract: A process is provided for dewaxing hydrocarbon feedstock by isomerizing the waxy components of the feedstock over catalyst comprising a siliceous zeolite having been prepared by the method comprising providing a boron-containing zeolite Beta, treating the zeolite with silicon tetrachloride at a temperature and for a time sufficient to replace boron with silicon, and recovering the siliceous zeolite having reduced boron content but substantially preserved initial aluminum content.

Abstract: A process for producing lower molecular weight products from higher molecular weight hydrocarbon liquid feedstock components is provided wherein the feedstock is contacted with an optimum catalyst comprising a molten salt of a tetrachloroaluminate. Selection of the optimum catalyst is based on the electronegativity of the tetrachloroaluminate catalyst cation.

Abstract: A process for producing lower molecular weight products from a heavy hydrocarbon feedstock is provided wherein the feedstock is contacted with a molten catalyst system comprising a tetrachloroaluminate catalyst and about 1 to about 25 mole percent water. The reaction is carried out at a pressure of from about atmospheric to about 14,200 kPa and a temperature of from about 350.degree. C. to about 550.degree. C. resulting in increased yields of the lower molecular weight liquid products and lower levels of catalyst residue.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon isomerization catalysts comprising typically refractory mineral oxide carrier such as alumina and a halogen element present in combined form, together with, in the free or combined state:A platinum-group metal;second element from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, tungsten and molybdenum; anda metal halide such as AlCl.sub.3.