Abstract: Methods of reducing a phosphorus content of a liquid hydrocarbon. The liquid hydrocarbon may be co-fed with an olefin to an alkylation unit to produce a low-phosphorus content liquid hydrocarbon product.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are processes for producing neopentane. The processes generally relate to demethylating neohexane and/or neoheptane to produce neopentane. The neohexane and/or neoheptane may be provided by the isomerization of C6-C7 paraffins.

Abstract: Processes for the disproportionation and isomerization of a C5 hydrocarbon feed using a liquid catalyst comprising an ionic liquid and a halocarbon carbocation promoter are described. The ionic liquid is unsupported, and the reactions occur at temperatures below about 200° C.

Abstract: Processes for the disproportionation and isomerization of a C4 hydrocarbon feed using a liquid catalyst comprising an ionic liquid and a carbocation promoter are described. The ionic liquid is unsupported, and the reactions occur at temperatures below about 300° C.

Abstract: A process, comprising: a. taking a sample from a continuous alkylation reactor process; b. measuring a content of a halide in the sample; and c. within 45 minutes from the taking a sample, adjusting a flow of a halide containing additive comprising the halide to control a ratio of a yield of an alkylate gasoline and a yield of a middle distillate. Also a process, comprising: a. taking a sample from an effluent of an alkylation reactor in an alkylation reactor process; b. measuring a content of a halide in the sample; and c. in response to the measured content of the halide, adjusting a flow of a halide containing additive to a predetermined range that has been selected to obtain a ratio of a yield of an alkylate gasoline and a yield of a middle distillate from 0.31 to 4.0 in a product from the alkylation reactor.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising: a) an alkylation reactor holding an ionic liquid catalyst and a reactant mixture, b) a means for measuring levels of a halide in an effluent from the alkylation reactor, and c) a control system that receives a signal in response to the measuring and communicates changes in an operating condition that influences the yield of products from the reactant mixture. The control system is responsive to deviations outside a predetermined range of halide level that has been selected to obtain a ratio of a yield of an alkylate gasoline and a yield of a middle distillate from 0.31 to 4.0 in the product from the alkylation reactor.

Abstract: A process comprising: a) taking a sample from a continuous reactor process, b)measuring a content of a halide in the sample, and c) in response to the measured content of the halide, adjusting a flow of a halide containing additive comprising the halide to control the process. Also, an apparatus comprising: a) a reactor holding an ionic liquid catalyst and a reactant mixture, b) a means for measuring levels of a halide in an effluent from the reactor, and c) a control system that receives a signal in response to the measuring and communicates changes in an operating condition that influences the yield of a product in the reactant mixture.

Abstract: A process for producing para-xylene from a hydrocarbon feed is described in which an adsorption column operating as a simulated moving bed with at least five zones delivers an extract, a 2-raffinate and an intermediate raffinate. The extract is distilled and the distillate is optionally re-crystallized to recover para-xylene with a purity of at least 99.7%. The 2-raffmate is distilled then isomerized in a reactor preferably operating in the liquid phase and at a low temperature. The intermediate raffinate with an enriched ethylbenzene content is distilled then isomerized in the vapour phase.

Abstract: A process for the conversion of linear and/or branched paraffins hydrocarbons, catalysed by an ionic liquid catalyst, in the presence of a cyclic hydrocarbon additive containing a tertiary carbon atom. The presence of the specific hydrocarbon additives influences the reaction mechanism by increasing the selectivity towards the formation of paraffin hydrocarbons with a higher degree of branching.

Abstract: Processes for the production of alpha-olefins, including dimerization and isomerization of olefins using a cobalt catalyst complex are provided herein. The olefins so produced are useful as monomers in further polymerization reactions and are useful as chemical intermediates.

Abstract: A process for the conversion of linear and/or branched paraffins hydrocarbons, catalysed by an ionic liquid catalyst, in the presence of a cyclic hydrocarbon additive containing a tertiary carbon atom. The presence of the specific hydrocarbon additives influences the reaction mechanism by increasing the selectivity towards the formation of paraffin hydrocarbons with a higher degree of branching.

Abstract: A process for the conversion of linear and/or branched paraffin hydrocarbons based on the use of an ionic liquid catalyst in combination with a metal salt additive, which provides a catalytic composition with an increased activity, compared with said ionic liquid. Under suitable reaction conditions this conversion is leading to paraffin hydrocarbon fraction with higher octane number.

Abstract: An isomerization process for converting an isomerization feed stream containing alkanes having about 4 carbon atoms to about 10 carbon atoms per molecule and cycloalkanes having about 5 carbon atoms to about 10 carbon atoms per molecule to at least one product hydrocarbon isomer. The isomerization feed stream, which contains at least one feed hydrocarbon and hydrogen, is contacted in an isomerization zone at effective isomerization conditions with a catalyst where deactivation of such catalyst occurs in the isomerization zone. The isomerization process includes the presence of an additive in the isomerization feed stream. The concentration of the additive is sufficient to alleviate or diminish the deactivation of the catalyst and to maintain a substantially constant conversion of the at least one feed hydrocarbon to the at least one product hydrocarbon isomer at effective isomerization conditions.

Abstract: A process is described for paraffin isomerization under strong acid conditions in which an adamantyl carboxylic acid or sulfonic acid is used to substantially increase the reaction rate of the isomerization.

Abstract: A process is described for paraffin isomerization under strong acid conditions in which in aminoalkyladamantane is used to substantially increase the reaction rate of the isomerization.

Abstract: A process is described for non-cyclic paraffin isomerization under strong acid conditions in which an adamantane hydrocarbon is used to substantially increase the reaction rate of the isomerization.

Abstract: A process is described for non-cyclic paraffin isomerization under strong acid conditions in which an adamantane hydrocarbon is used to substantially increase the reaction rate of the isomerization.