Abstract: The present invention provides a method of removing undesired isomers, including substituted cyclopentadiene regioisomers, from the desired fulvene in a crude fulvene composition by selectively reacting the undesired isomers with pyrrolidine and 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)benzaldehyde. This reaction converts the undesired substituted cyclopentadienes into fulvene-type compounds that is readily separated from the desired fulvene.

Abstract: An apparatus and process are provided for cracking hydrocarbons. Hot, cracked effluent is removed to a quench header where it is pre-quenched with an oil containing crackable components, e.g., 1000° F.+ (538° C.+) boiling range bottoms taken from a vapor/liquid separator, cracking the bottoms to more valuable products, e.g., steam crack naphtha. The overhead of the separator is fed to a cracker, and then quenched with a quenching oil.

Abstract: Improved processes and apparatus use a finishing column with a mid-cut that provides alkylbenzene products of high purity containing less than about 1 ppmw benzene and less than about 50 ppmw heavies while accommodating enhancements in the efficiencies and the capacities of the distillation train to recover alkylbenzene from alkylation reaction product and while enabling the use of catalytic treatments to reduce olefinic-component content.

Abstract: A method for the solvent extraction recovery of an aromatic wherein an aromatic extract is formed that contains the aromatic and non-aromatics that are both lighter than and heavier than the aromatic, analyzing at least two separate groups of lighter and heavier non-aromatics in the extract, determining from the analyses the distribution of lighter and heavier non-aromatics present and whether the aromatic product that will be recovered from the process will be too far from its predetermined maximum non-aromatic content specification, and making process changes that will cause the process to produce the aromatic product with a non-aromatic content that is closer to its predetermined maximum non-aromatic content specification.

Abstract: An energy efficient process scheme for a highly exothermic reaction-distillation system in which the reactor is external to the distillation column and the feed to the reactor is a mixture of at least one liquid product stream from the distillation column with or without other liquid/vapor reactants. The reactor is operated under adiabatic and boiling point conditions and at a pressure that results in vaporizing a portion of the liquid flow through the reactor due to the heat of reaction. Under these conditions, reaction temperature is controlled by reactor pressure. The pressure (and hence the temperature) is maintained at a sufficiently high level such that the reactor effluent can be efficiently used to provide reboil heat for the distillation column.

Abstract: A method for separating and purifying 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene, is provided in which 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene of high purity is obtained from a mixture of dimethylnaphthalene isomers with a high yield, by means of a combined process of column melt crystallization and sweating operation.

Abstract: There is provided a process for modifying a first organic composition comprising (i) at least one first solvent, (ii) at least one solute, and (iii) optionally, at least one second solvent to produce a modified organic composition in which the concentration of the at least one first solvent is reduced and the concentration of the at least one second solvent is increased, comprising the steps of: (a) providing a selectively permeable membrane having a first surface and a second surface; (b) transferring a portion of the first solvent and optionally a portion of the solute from the first surface to the second surface across the membrane by contacting the first organic composition with the first surface, wherein the pressure at the first surface is greater than the pressure at the second surface, and wherein the membrane is a selectively permeable membrane such that the membrane rejection (R) of the solute is greater than 0%; (c) adding a portion of the second solvent to the organic composition retained at the f

Abstract: A process to prepare a process oil with an aromatic content of more than 50 wt % (according to ASTM D 2007) and a polycyclic aromatics (PCA) less than 3 wt % (according to IP 346) by (a) contacting a feed mixture of a petroleum fraction boiling in the lubricating oil range and an aromatic rich hydrocarbon fraction with a polar solvent in a counter-current liquid-liquid extraction column, wherein the process oil is obtained by removing the polar solvent from the top product and an extract is obtained by removing the polar solvent from the top product and an extract is obtained by removing the polar solvent from the bottom product.

Abstract: A method for reducing acid corrosion and products of acid corrosion in a thermal cracking plant, the acid corrosion products being compounds of iron, chromium, nickel, lead, cadmium, manganese, mercury, magnesium, calcium, sodium, copper, zinc, lead, molybdenum, and aluminum, the improvement comprising introducing ethylene diamine into at least one process stream of the plant.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions comprising C26H30 hexamantane, referred to herein as peri-condensed hexamantane, fully condensed hexamantane, and cyclohexamantane. These enriched cyclohexamantane compositions comprise at least 5 percent by weight cyclohexamantane based upon the total weight of the composition.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for removing oxygenate impurities, e.g., dimethyl ether, from an olefinic product stream by converting the oxygenate impurity to a compound whose boiling point differs by at least about 5° C. from the oxygenate impurity. Typically, the compound is more readily removable from the product stream than the oxygenate impurity.

Abstract: A process for the distillation of vinylaromatic monomers in the presence of 4-tert-butylcatechol (TBC) and oxygen, wherein no aromatic nitro or amino compound is present in any effective amount. The process is particularly suitable for destabilizing and purifying styrene which has been stabilized with 4-tert-butylcatechol (TBC) for transportation.

Abstract: The improved process and apparatus of the present invention for extracting high purity aromatics from gasoline using a glycol solvent based extraction process decrease liquid-vapor flashing, reduce reflux flow rate, and use heat of enthalpy produces at one point as a source of energy used at another point, decreasing energy consumption while significantly increasing purity and amount of product obtained.

Abstract: Bromine reactive hydrocarbon contaminants are removed from aromatic streams by first providing an aromatic feedstream having a negligible diene level. The feedstream is contacted with an acid active catalyst composition under conditions sufficient to remove mono-olefins. An aromatic stream may be pretreated to remove dienes by contacting the stream with clay, hydrogenation or hydrotreating catalyst under conditions sufficient to substantially remove dienes but not mono-olefins.

Abstract: A process for separating linear alpha olefins from a feedstock containing linear alpha olefins, saturated hydrocarbons, internal olefins, branched olefins, and alcohols, in particular, from a Fisher-Tropsch stream is provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for removing oxygenate impurities, e.g., dimethyl ether, from an olefinic product stream by converting the oxygenate impurity to a compound whose boiling point differs by at least about 5° C. from the oxygenate impurity. Typically, the compound is more readily removable from the product stream than the oxygenate impurity.

Abstract: Styrene is recovered continuously from a styrene-containing mixture by distillation of the mixture in a cascade of n distillation columns, where

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of recovering oxygenates from an olefin production process and oxygenate compositions that can be recovered from an olefin production process. The recovered oxygenate compositions comprise a mixture of alcohols, ethers, ketones, and/or aldehydes.

Abstract: Processes using heterogeneous adsorbents are disclosed for purification of olefins to obtain feedstocks suitable for formation of olefin polymers using a metallocene catalyst system. An olefinic process stream, containing small amounts of acetylenic impurities, carbon oxides and/or other organic components which are, typically, impurities in cracked gas, passes through at least two zones containing heterogeneous adsorbents. Adsorption is carried out in an essentially dihydrogen-free atmosphere within the initial zone containing a bed of regenerated adsorbent which has retained a substantial amount of carbon monoxide, to effect selective adsorption of the contained acetylenic contaminants with the adsorbent.

Abstract: A process for separating and isolating saturated hydrocarbons from olefins, and in particular, a process for separating and isolating saturated hydrocarbons from olefins in a Fisher-Tropsch stream. The feedstock composition is contacted with linear polyaromatic compound under conditions effective to form linear polyaromatic compound-olefin adducts. Separation of the adducts from the stream also separates the adducted olefins from the stream. After dissociation of the adducted olefins, the process results in an olefin composition that is enriched in concentration of olefins over the concentration of olefins in the feedstock composition, and a saturated hydrocarbon stream that is enriched in saturated hydrocarbons over the concentration of saturated hydrocarbons in the feedstock.

Abstract: A process for co-production of paraxylene, metaxylene and/or orthoxylene from a hydrocarbon feedstock (1) that comprises [1] a separation stage of the feedstock in a simulated moving bed in a chromatographic column (9) that contains a number of beds of an adsorbent, interconnected in a loop, is described, whereby said column comprises an injection (3) of the feedstock, a draw-off (10) of an extract that consists of paraxylene and desorbent, an intermediate fraction (11) (extract or raffinate) that contains ethylbenzene, and a raffinate (12) that contains a mixture of metaxylene and orthoxylene that is virtually free of ethylbenzene and paraxylene and [2] a crystallization stage (27) of the metaxylene and/or orthoxylene fraction. Upstream from the adsorption zone and/or upstream from the crystallization zone, it is possible to distill the entering mixture to produce an orthoxylene-enriched fraction at the bottom and a metaxylene-enriched fraction at the top.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an integrated process for the production of high purity 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene starting from hydrocarbon mixtures containing naphthalene and/or isomers of methylnaphthalene and/or isomers of dimethylnaphthalene and/or isomers of polymethylnaphthalene, and from an alkylating agent, preferably methanol, reacted in the presence of a methylated benzene solvent or mixture of various methylated benzene solvents, preferably selected from toluene, xylene and trimethylbenzene, and a catalyst consisting of ZSM-12 zeolite and an inorganic ligand.

Abstract: The invention relates to an extractive distillation composition for at least partially separating a mixture of hydrocarbon compounds comprising:

Abstract: The invention generally relates to purification of carbon nanomaterials, particularly fullerenes, by removal of PAHs and other hydrocarbon impurities. The inventive process involves extracting a sample containing carbon nanomaterials with a solvent in which the PAHs are substantially soluble but in which the carbon nanomaterials are not substantially soluble. The sample can be repeatedly or continuously extracted with one or more solvents to remove a greater amount of impurities. Preferred solvents include ethanol, diethyl ether, and acetone. The invention also provides a process for efficiently separating solvent extractable fullerenes from samples containing fullerenes and PAHs wherein the sample is extracted with a solvent in which both fullerenes and PAHs are substantially soluble and the sample extract then undergoes selective extraction to remove PAHs. Suitable solvents in which both fullerenes and PAHs are soluble include o-xylene, toluene, and o-dichlorobenzene.

Abstract: A process for the removal of hydrocarbon contaminants, such as dienes and olefins, from an aromatics reformate by contacting an aromatics reformate stream with a hydrotreating catalyst and/or a molecular sieve. The hydrotreating catalyst substantially converts all dienes to oligomers and partially converts olefins to alkylaromatics. The molecular sieve converts the olefins to alkylaromatics. The process provides an olefin depleted product which can be passed through a clay treater to substantially convert the remaining olefins to alkylaromatics. The hydrotreating catalyst has a metal component of nickel, cobalt, chromium, vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten, nickel-molybdenum, cobalt-nickel-molybdenum, nickel-tungsten, cobalt-molybdenum or nickel-tungsten-titanium, with a nickel molybdenum/alumina catalyst being preferred. The molecular sieve is an intermediate pore size zeolite, preferably MCM-22. The clay treatment can be carried out with any clay suitable for treating hydrocarbons.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a method of removing dimethyl ether from an olefin stream. Dimethyl ether is removed from the olefin stream by first separating the olefin stream into a first stream comprising dimethyl ether and lighter boiling point compounds, and a second stream comprising C4+ olefin and higher boiling point hydrocarbons. The dimethyl ether is then separated from the first stream using extractive distillation.

Abstract: A process for the removal of hydrocarbon contaminants, such as dienes and olefins, from an aromatics reformate by contacting an aromatics reformate stream with a hydrotreating catalyst and/or a molecular sieve. The hydrotreating catalyst substantially converts all dienes to oligomers and partially converts olefins to alkylaromatics. The molecular sieve converts the olefins to alkylaromatics. The process provides an olefin depleted product which can be passed through a clay treater to substantially convert the remaining olefins to alkylaromatics. The hydrotreating catalyst has a metal component of nickel, cobalt, chromium, vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten, nickel-molybdenum, cobalt-nickel-molybdenum, nickel-tungsten, cobalt-molybdenum or nickel-tungsten-titanium, with a nickel molybdenum/alumina catalyst being preferred. The molecular sieve is an intermediate pore size zeolite, preferably MCM-22. The clay treatment can be carried out with any clay suitable for treating hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A xylene isomerization process is disclosed in which any ethylbenzene in the feed is removed, either by dealkylation or isomerization, in a separate reactor upstream of the xylene isomerization reactor and the xylene isomerization catalyst is contained in the same reactor, typically a clay treater, as that used to accommodate the olefin removal catalyst. In certain cases, a single catalyst may be used to effect both xylene isomerization and olefin removal.

Abstract: Apparatus, methods and systems useful for removing phenylacetylene from crude styrene feedstock are disclosed. Generally the processes and systems comprise the catalytic reduction of phenylacetylene to produce styrene via injection of a phenylacetylene reducing agent, such as hydrogen. A phenylacetylene reduction catalyst preferred herein comprises palladium on a calcium aluminate carrier, wherein the catalyst comprises less than 0.3 weight percent palladium.

Abstract: Construction and operational costs of recovering the high-octane components of an isomerization raffinate product of a simulated moving bed adsorptive separation process units are reduced by employing a dividing wall column to perform the separation. The raffinate product stream is passed into the column at an intermediate point on the first side of the dividing wall, with the column delivering the low-octane raffinate components as a sidedraw from the opposite side of the dividing wall. A stream of higher octane components are removed both as an overhead stream and a bottoms stream. The sidedraw may be recycled to the isomerization zone.

Abstract: The processing oil contains polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, which is a substance known to be toxic to the human body, in an amount of less than 3 wt. % and an aromatic hydrocarbon in an amount of 25 wt. % or more, and has a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of 10-30 mm2/s, a density of 0.870-970 g/cm3, and a 5 vol. % recovery temperature of 370-530° C. The processing oil exhibits excellent performance which has conventionally been obtained. The processing oil can be produced by a method in which oil mixture comprising an extract obtained through extraction from mineral oil by use of a polar solvent in an amount of 40-97 vol. % and lubricating base oil in an amount of 3-60 vol. % is subjected to extraction treatment by use of a polar solvent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to agglomerated zeolite adsorbents based on faujasite with an Si/Al ratio such that 1≦Si/Al≦1.15, at least 70% exchanged with barium and optionally with potassium, and on a binder, preferably a zeolitizable binder. They are obtained by agglomerating zeolite powder with a binder, followed by exchange of the zeolite ions for barium ions and activation of the adsorbents thus exchanged. These adsorbents are particularly suitable for the adsorption of the para-xylene contained in aromatic C8 hydrocarbon fractions in the liquid phase, in processes of simulated fluid-bed type.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the recovering heat and removing impurities from a reactor effluent stream withdrawn from a fluidized exothermic reaction zone for the conversion of oxygenates into light olefins from an oxygenate feedstream. The process comprises a novel two-stage quench tower system to remove water from the reactor effluent stream in the first tower and recover heat from the reactor effluent to at least partially vaporize the feedstream by indirect heat exchange between the oxygenate feedstream and either a first stage overhead stream or a first stage pumparound stream. A drag stream withdrawn from the first tower comprises the majority of the impurities and any higher boiling oxygenates. The second stage tower further removes water from the light olefin product stream and provides a purified water stream which requires only minimal water stripping to produce a high purity water stream.

Abstract: A method of separating aromatic hydrocarbons and non-aromatic hydrocarbons, and aromatic hydrocarbons and naphtenes involves distilling a mixture of the components by an extractive distillation process in the presence of an extractive distillation solvent. The extractive distillation solvent may be an ester of a dibasic acid, an acetonyl acetone or morpholine.

Abstract: An improved process for the recovery of aromatic compounds from a mixture containing aromatic and non-aromatic compounds and method for retrofitting existing equipment for the same is provided. The improved process comprises the steps of recovering aromatic compounds via parallel operation of a hybrid extractive distillation/liquid-liquid extractor operation and variations thereof. Methods of quickly and economically retrofitting existing recovery process equipment for use with the improved aromatics recovery process are also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for the distillation of vinylaromatic monomers in the presence of 4-tert-butylcatechol (TBC) and oxygen, wherein no aromatic nitro or amino compound is present in any effective amount. The process is particularly suitable for destabilizing and purifying styrene which has been stabilized with 4-tert-butylcatechol (TBC) for transportation.

Abstract: Bromine reactive hydrocarbon contaminants are removed from aromatic streams by first providing an aromatic feedstream having a negligible diene level. The feedstream is contacted with an acid active catalyst composition under conditions sufficient to remove mono-olefins. An aromatic stream may be pretreated to remove dienes by contacting the stream with clay, hydrogenation or hydrotreating catalyst under conditions sufficient to substantially remove dienes but not mono-olefins.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for purifying hydrocarbon vapor consisting of at least one aromatic or one olefinic or one paraffinic compound or of a mixture thereof, this hydrocarbon vapor entraining impurities of acid or alkaline nature which consist of at least one water-soluble organic and/or inorganic substance and it also relates to a facility for performing such a process.

Abstract: The improved process and apparatus of the present invention for extracting high purity aromatics from gasoline using a glycol solvent based extraction process decrease liquid-vapor flashing, reduce reflux flow rate, and use heat of enthalpy produces at one point as a source of energy used at another point, decreasing energy consumption while significantly increasing purity and amount of product obtained.

Abstract: There is provided a process for separating olefins from saturated hydrocarbons in a feedstock containing saturated hydrocarbons, internal olefins, and alpha olefins characterized by steps of selectively forming of olefin-linear polyaromatic compound adducts and steps of dissociation of these adducts.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for separating and isolating saturated hydrocarbons from olefins, and in particular, to a process for separating and isolating saturated hydrocarbons from olefins in a Fisher-Tropsch stream.

Abstract: A method for controlling the deposition of foulants such as polynuclear aromatic compounds on the internal surfaces of equipment in a processing train used to process a product stream obtained by dehydrogenating an aliphatic compound containing from 2 to 5 carbon atoms wherein there is introduced into the processing train an effective amount of a liquid solvent having at least one hydroxyl group and a minimum boiling point of about 64.7.degree. C., the solvent being passed through at least a portion of the processing train, after which it is removed from the processing train.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of olefins from a hydrocarbon cut, comprising a step for separating at least one paraffin contained in the hydrocarbon cut, a step for dehydrogenating the paraffin and a step for purifying the hydrogen produced during dehydrogenation, at least a part of that hydrogen being recycled to the dehydrogenation step. The invention is of particular application to the preparation of olefins containing 3 to 5 carbon atoms per molecule from a C.sub.3 to C.sub.5 hydrocarbon cut containing at least one paraffin.

Abstract: The high aromatic oil provided in the present invention is characterized by that a glass transition point is -45 to -20.degree. C. and an aromatic component measured by Clay-Gel method accounts for 55 to 90% by weight and that a polycyclic aromatic compound measured by IP 346 method accounts for less than 3% by weight based on the whole components of hydrocarbons contained in the oil.This high aromatic oil can suitably be used for various rubber compositions such as tires, rubber vibration insulators and fenders, oil extended synthetic rubbers, printing inks and writing inks.

Abstract: Process technology is described making possible substantial improvements in the separation and recovery of highly pure vinyl aromatic monomers, notably styrene. A number of design, construction and operational features are made available for selection and use both for new plant facilities and for upgrading existing plant facilities. One major aspect of the invention is reduction in retention or residence times in the distillation towers. In another embodiment, a startup process comprises (i) introducing a feed comprising vinylaromatic monomer, polymerization inhibitor, aromatic hydrocarbon components having boiling points above that of the vinylaromatic monomer to a packed distillation column, said column having a maximum theoretical .DELTA.

Abstract: A method is disclosed to produce 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene (2,6-DMN), used for the production of polyethylene naphthalate, at high purity and high yield from a mixture of dimethylnaphthalene isomers without limitation to the specific isomers present in the feed by a series of fractionation, crystallization and adsorption steps.

Abstract: A method for recovering crystalline 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene comprising crystallizing in a scraped-wall crystallizer apparatus at crystallization temperature T, a mixture of low melting components, LM, having melting points of 70.degree. F. and below, and high melting components (HM), including 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene, having melting points above 70.degree. F, such that: ##EQU1## where HM is the total weight percent of high melting components, including 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene, in the mixture, and LM is the total weight percent of low melting components in the mixture, and where T is the temperature of the crystallization in degrees Fahrenheit, and where A is at least 1.0.

Abstract: An ethylbenzene production method is applied using a mixed phase ethylation of dilute ethylene with impure benzene. The benzene feed contains over 75% by weight benzene, with the balance being non-aromatic C.sub.6 to C.sub.7 hydrocarbons, including cyclohexane. The production method involves separating the benzene vapor from the hydrogen/methane rich vent gas by condensing the benzene at a temperature below about 5.5.degree. C., the normal freezing point of benzene.

Abstract: This invention relates to a catalytic reaction of an aromatic stream wherein a guard bed for the removal of nitrogen compounds from the aromatic hydrocarbon stream comprising the nitrogen compounds is provided to contact the hydrocarbon stream with a selective adsorbent having an average pore size less than about 5.5 Angstroms to produce a treated feedstream essentially free of the nitrogen compound. The selective adsorbent is a molecular sieve selected from the group consisting of pore closed zeolite 4A, zeolite 4A, zeolite 5A, silicalite, F-silicalite, ZSM-5 and mixtures thereof. The invention provides significant cost advantages when the feedstream is subject to slugs or surges in levels of nitrogen compounds which can be detrimental to downstream acid catalysts as found in aromatic conversion reactions.

Abstract: A process for the removal of trace quantities of polynuclear aromatic compounds from the vapor effluent of a hydrocarbon dehydrogenation zone containing normally gaseous olefinic hydrocarbons, trace mononuclear aromatic compounds and trace polynuclear aromatic compounds by contacting the vapor effluent of a hydrocarbon dehydrogenation zone with a lean liquid absorption stream comprising at least one alkylated mononuclear aromatic compound to absorb at least a portion of the trace mononuclear aromatic compounds and the trace polynuclear aromatic compounds to produce a rich liquid absorption stream and a gaseous olefin-containing hydrocarbon stream having a reduced concentration of mononuclear aromatic compounds and polynuclear aromatic compounds. The rich liquid absorption stream is separated to produce a stream rich in mononuclear aromatic compounds, a stream rich in alkylated mononuclear aromatic compounds and a stream comprising polynuclear aromatic compounds.