Abstract: Processes and facilities for producing recycled chemical products from waste plastic are described herein. The processes include treating process streams, such as a pyrolysis gas stream and/or at least a portion of a cracker furnace effluent stream, in a caustic scrubber process to remove certain components, such as carbon dioxide. The spent caustic solution from the caustic scrubber process is then recycled and reused in other caustic processes within the facility, which can include a halogen neutralization process from removing halogens from a liquification process off-gas.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods for removing acetylene from an ethylene gas stream wherein a catalyst reacts with the acetylene to polymerize said acetylene forming an ethylene gas stream substantially free of acetylene.

Abstract: A method of removing oxygenates from a hydrocarbon stream comprises passing a hydrocarbon stream to a caustic tower having a plurality of loops, contacting the hydrocarbon stream with a sulfided catalyst between a first loop of the plurality of loops and a second loop of the plurality of loops to produce a reaction product, passing the reaction product to the second loop, removing at least a portion of the hydrogen sulfide in the second loop of the caustic tower to produce a product stream, and separating the product stream into a plurality of hydrocarbon streams in a separation zone located downstream of the caustic tower. The hydrocarbon stream comprises hydrocarbons, oxygen containing components, and sulfur containing compounds. At least a portion of the sulfur compounds react in the presence of the sulfided catalyst to produce hydrogen sulfide in the reaction product.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment can be a process for oxidizing one or more thiol compounds from an alkaline stream. The process may include passing a mixed stream having the alkaline stream to an oxidation vessel having a body and a neck. Often, the body contains one or more packing elements and the neck contains a packing, a distributor, and a mesh. The process can further include passing an oxidized alkaline stream to a separation vessel containing a first chamber and a second chamber. Usually, the first chamber contains a coated mesh.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of increasing the efficiency of exothermic CO2 capture processes. The method relates to withdrawing heat generated during the exothermic capture of CO2 with various sorbents via heat exchange with a working fluid. The working fluid is provided at a temperature and pressure such that it is in the liquid state, and has a vaporization temperature in a range such that the heat arising from the reaction of the CO2 and the sorbent causes a phase change from liquid to vapor state in whole or in part and transfers heat from to the working fluid. The resulting heated working fluid may subsequently be used to generate power.

Abstract: Systems and methods for conditioning synthetic crude oils are provided herein. The systems and methods described herein subject the synthetic crude to one or more process solutions to provide conditioned synthetic crude exhibiting, for example, a reduced TAN.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for preparing the polymer grade low-carbon olefin through separation of the methanol pyrolysis gas, including steps of the compression, impurity removal, and absorption and separation. In the absorption and separation step, the pyrolysis gas is sent to the front-end ethylene removing column, and then is, with the C4 absorbent, further absorbed and separated to produce polymer grade ethylene products, polymer grade propylene products, and C4 and C5 products. The moderate-temperature and moderate-pressure separation without a cold box according to the present invention provides safer production process, less investment in the equipment, as well as easier separation and lower energy consumption as a result of the front-end ethylene removing and C4 absorption and separation process.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing low-odor n-butane by catalytic hydrogenation of a feed mixture. The aim of the invention is to provide such a method, wherein the feed material, in addition to n-butane, n-butene and up to 1 mass % formic acid and/or up to 1 mass % pentanals and/or up to 0.5 mass % pentanols, also comprises carbon monoxide. The aim is achieved by treating the feed mixture in the temperature range of 15 to 120° C. with an aqueous solution of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxide in the concentration range of 0.5 to 30 mass % and subsequently subjecting the feed mixture to the catalytic hydrogenation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for desulfurizing heavy oil feedstreams with alkali metal compounds and improving the compatibility of the to stream components in either the feed stream, an intermediate product stream, and/or the reaction product stream in the desulfurization process. The present invention utilizes a high stability aromatic-containing stream that is preferably added to the heavy oil prior to reaction with the alkali metal compounds. The resulting stream resists precipitation of reaction solids in the desulfurization reactors. Even more preferably, the desulfurization system employs at least two desulfurization reactors in series flow wherein the high stability aromatic-containing stream is contacted with the reaction product from the first reactor prior to the second reactor, wherein the first reactor can be operated at a higher severity than without the use of the high stability aromatic-containing component stream.

Abstract: A method of producing a crude product from a hydrocarbon feed is provided. A hydrocarbon feed is contacted with a catalyst containing a Col. 6-10 metal or compound thereof to produce the crude product, where the catalyst has a pore size distribution with a median pore diameter ranging from 105 ? to 150 ?, with 60% of the total number of pores in the pore size distribution having a pore diameter within 60 ? of the median pore diameter, with at least 50% of its pore volume in pores having a pore diameter of at most 600 ?, and between 5% and 25% of its pore volume in pores having a pore diameter between 1000 ? and 5000 ?.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment can be a process for reducing corrosion during removal of one or more sulfur-containing hydrocarbons from a gas. Generally, the process includes producing an effluent including a caustic, one or more hydrocarbons, one or more sulfur compounds, and a gas from an oxidation vessel; sending the effluent to a stack of a disulfide separator; passing the gas, including oxygen and one or more sulfur compounds, through the stack; and passing a stream including one or more hydrocarbons to the stack at a temperature of less than about 38° C. for absorbing the one or more sulfur compounds. Typically, the stack includes one or more walls surrounding a void and adapted to receive a fluid including one or more phases, a packed bed positioned within the void, and a distributor including one or more risers and one or more compartments coupled to a substantially horizontal member forming a plurality of apertures there-through.

Abstract: A functional fluid for the removal of contaminates such as but not limited to, acid causing components in gas, sulfur components and carbon oxides from fluid streams, and removal and treatment of NOX & SOX from post combustion emissions. Also described is the manufacturing process to produce the functional fluid both in a batch atmospheric process system as well as a closed system capable of operating at above or below atmospheric conditions.

Abstract: A new purification technique for alkylene oxides is described. The technique is safer than previously reported methods and does not require cooling of the purification vessel. In a solution of a high-boiling point solvent and butyllithium, an alkylene oxide is added and allowed to react at ambient temperature. The impurities readily react with the butyllithium while the alkylene oxide does not. The low-boiling alkylene oxide is then easily distilled out of the high-boiling point solvent as a pure material ready for use in controlled polymerization reactions.

Abstract: Process for treating a product stream typically from an autothermal cracking process, the product stream comprising one or more olefins, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and one or more oxygenates, by contacting the product stream with at least one compound selected from (1) H2N—OR1, and (2) H2N—NR2R3, where R1, R2 and R3 may each be independently selected from H and carbon-containing substituents.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for treating a hydrocarbon feed gas stream containing acid gases (CO2, H2S and mercaptans) by contacting the feed gas stream in a multi-section caustic tower, the bottom sections employing a recirculating caustic solution to remove the CO2 and H2S down to low single digits parts per million concentration and the upper sections employing a stronger caustic solution on a once-through basis to produce a mercaptans depleted gas stream.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide highly pure ?-methylstyrene by efficiently removing polar substances present in the ?-methylstyrene. The present invention discloses a method for purifying ?-methylstyrene by reacting polar substances contained in the ?-methylstyrene in the presence of a basic substance, and separating a reaction product of the polar substance and the ?-methylstyrene.

Abstract: A method for optimizing the production of nitration grade toluene from a solvent extraction process that produces an aromatic rich extract and a saturate rich raffinate, comprising adding an effective amount of the raffinate back to the extract.

Abstract: The present invention is directed toward reducing corrosion in a methanol-to-olefin (MTO) effluent processing system, and particularly in the condensate removal system thereof, by injecting a neutralization agent into one or more target regions of the MTO effluent processing system. The neutralization agent ensures that any localized condensation in the MTO effluent processing system, particularly in the condensate removal system, occurs under basic conditions and that any acidic condensable components are neutralized. The invention is also directed to monitoring corrosion in an MTO effluent processing system and to monitoring the pH of localized corrosion sites in order to ensure proper neutralization of any acidic condensation formed therein.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for treating a hydrocarbon feed gas stream containing acid gases (CO2, H2S and mercaptans) by contacting the feed gas stream in a multi-section caustic tower, the bottom sections employing a recirculating caustic solution to remove the CO2 and H2S down to low single digits parts per million concentration and the upper sections employing a stronger caustic solution on a once-through basis to produce a mercaptans depleted gas stream.

Abstract: Metal hydride compounds, which are prepared by mixing together from about 1 to about 10 parts by molecular weight of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of silicon, aluminum, tin, and zinc; from about 1 to about 3 parts by molecular weight of an alkali metal hydroxide; and from about 5 to about 10 parts by molecular weight of water and allowing this mixture to stand for a time sufficient to form a metal hydride, can be used for making fuel additives, treating sour gas, enhancing oil refining, extracting oil from tar sands and shale, increasing production of hydrogen from a hydrogen plant, treating oil and gas wells to enhance production, eliminate PCBs, cleaning soil contaminated by hydrocarbons and/or heavy metals, controlling odors, cleaning polluting stack emissions, extracting edible and essential oils, and eliminating bacteria, fungicides, and parasites from vegetation.

Abstract: The present invention is directed toward reducing corrosion in a methanol-to-olefin (MTO) effluent processing system, and particularly in the condensate removal system thereof, by injecting a neutralization agent into one or more target regions of the MTO effluent processing system. The neutralization agent ensures that any localized condensation in the MTO effluent processing system, particularly in the condensate removal system, occurs under basic conditions and that any acidic condensable components are neutralized. The invention is also directed to monitoring corrosion in an MTO effluent processing system and to monitoring the pH of localized corrosion sites in order to ensure proper neutralization of any acidic condensation formed therein.

Abstract: The present invention is a process for removal of carbon dioxide from a reactor effluent stream comprising water, carbon dioxide and olefin(s), where a portion of the carbon dioxide is removed in a quenching step with a quench medium and more carbon dioxide is removed by contacting the quenched effluent stream with an alkaline stream. A portion of the alkaline stream is added to the quench medium.

Abstract: The present invention is a process for producing olefin(s) from oxygenates that is more effective than previously known processes at removing carbon dioxide from the effluent stream by operating a quench tower at a pH greater than 7.0.

Abstract: An inline, high-shear mixer is provided in a cracked gas stream upstream of a caustic tower in an ethylene production unit. Spent caustic is withdrawn from the bottom of the caustic tower and pumped to the mixer, where the spent caustic mixes with and absorbs acid gas components from the cracked gas stream. The spent caustic is separated from the cracked gas, forming a partially treated cracked gas stream. The partially treated cracked gas stream is then fed to the caustic tower. Polymer deposition in the caustic tower is reduced because polymeric material is formed when the cracked gas stream is mixed with the spent caustic and is removed before the cracked gas stream is fed to the caustic tower.

Abstract: A process for purifying a fluid stream contaminated with carbon dioxide is provided which comprises contacting, under conditions sufficient to substantially remove the contaminated carbon dioxide from the fluid stream which contains at least one C2-C5 olefin such as ethylene or propylene, with A mixture containing an oxygen-containing metal compound such as, for example, an alkali metal hydroxide, and an inorganic oxide compound such as, for example, silica or alumina.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for reducing the concentration of metal soaps of partially esterified phosphates from a hydrocarbon flowback fluid resulting from a hydraulic fracturing fluid operation using an alkaline aqueous-based additive solution.

Abstract: A method for recovering titanium and vanadium compounds, such as alkoxides, from a liquid hydrocarbon mixture by hydrolyzing the mixture with a base or acid wash having a sufficiently different density so that two liquid phases form, and separating the two liquid phases.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon stream containing sulfur and sulfur compounds is contacted with a water suspension of dolomitic lime and dibasic acid catalyst in a reaction vessel in order to transfer the sulfur and sulfur compounds from the petroleum vapor to the water phase. During sulfur removal, naphthenic acid present in the hot petroleum vapor is converted to a high quality naphtha fraction. In the water phase, the sulfur compounds react with the available alkalinity from the dolomitic lime and dibasic acid. The insoluble calcium or magnesium based reaction products can then be removed from the water phase through conventional solids concentrating and separating equipment.

Abstract: A process for the desulfurization of a sulfur-containing composition is described. The process comprises providing a sulfur-containing composition, adding an aqueous medium and a sulfur absorbent to the composition, and subjecting the resultant mixture to hydrothermal reaction under specific conditions to obtain a desulfurized product. When the sulfur-containing composition is made of vulcanized rubbers, the rubber can be converted into oily substances by treating the rubber product under supercritical conditions using an aqueous medium. The conversion reaction is facilitated by addition of metal oxides or salts.

Abstract: A carotenoid-enriched fraction is extracted from natural sources, such as carrots, by (i) separating the carotenoid-containing natural source into a carotenoid-containing liquid fraction and a pulp fraction, (ii) adding a carotenoid precipitation agent including calcium chloride, calcium hydroxide, calcium lactate or calcium gluconate to the liquid fraction to form a carotenoid-enriched solid precipitate, and (iii) separating the carotenoid-enriched solid precipitate from the carotenoid-depleted liquid portion.

Abstract: A safe and reliable method of removing halogenated aromatic compounds present in small amounts in hydrocarbon oil constituted mainly by non-aromatic hydrocarbon oil. The hydrocarbon oil is contacted with a heat-resistant alkaline polar solvent in the presence of an alkaline at a temperature ranging from about 100.degree. C. to 300.degree. C., and the non-aromatic hydrocarbon oil and heat-resistant alkaline polar solvent are then separated, thereby removing the halogenated aromatic compounds from the hydrocarbon oil.

Abstract: A process is described wherein the HCN in FCC hydrocarbon gas streams is converted to NH.sub.3 over a catalyst. This conversion has the desirable result of decreasing the amount of CN.sup.- in the water leaving the sour-water stripper, and ultimately in the refinery water effluent.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon stream is washed with caustic solution to reactively remove hydrogen sulfide and produce a spent caustic solution containing sulfide reaction products. The spent caustic solution is stripped with concentrated carbon dioxide to reactively remove the sulfides and produce an overhead hydrogen sulfide stream and a bicarbonate-containing bottoms stream. The hydrogen sulfide stream can be converted to elemental sulfur in a Claus unit or to sulfuric acid in a sulfuric acid plant. The bicarbonate solution can be washed with liquid hydrocarbon to remove mercaptans and phenols in further preparation for disposal.

Abstract: Naphthenic acids may be efficiently and conveniently removed from liquid hydrocarbon feedstocks by passing such feedstocks through a bed of certain metal oxide solid solutions related to hydrotalcites. The removal of naphthenic acids is an important adjunct to sweetening sour feedstocks and is particularly applicable to kerosines whose acid numbers may range as high as about 0.8. The metal oxide solid solutions of our invention show high adsorption capacity and can readily remove at least 95% of the naphthenic acids present in a liquid hydrocarbon feedstock.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for removing impurities from hydrocarbon streams, preferably light ends, such as propylene and ethylene, which is preferably in the liquid phase, by contacting the hydrocarbon stream containing an initial amount of an impurity with a chemical adsorbent which is composed of a modified alumina having a surface area within the range of about 10 m.sup.2 /g to about 300 m.sup.2 /g and a pore volume within the range of about 0.1 mL/g to about 1 mL/g under contacting conditions effective to result in a purified hydrocarbon stream containing a reduced amount of impurities, i.e., less than about 0.5% relative to the initial amount of the acid impurity present in the hydrocarbon stream, and more preferably within the 10 ppb range.

Abstract: A carotenoid-enriched fraction is extracted from natural sources, such as carrots, by (i) separating the carotenoid-containing natural source into a carotenoid-containing liquid fraction and a pulp fraction, (ii) adding a carotenoid precipitation agent including calcium chloride, calcium hydroxide, calcium lactate or calcium gluconate to the liquid fraction to form a carotenoid-enriched solid precipitate, and (iii) separating the carotenoid-enriched solid precipitate from the carotenoid-depleted liquid portion.

Abstract: A process for the continuous preparation of a cumene feed for cumene oxidation from a fresh cumene stream and a recycle cumene stream containing trace quantities of at least one organic acid compound by a dilute caustic wash of the contaminated cumene streams followed by a water wash of the cumene streams in a single vessel with multiple contacting sections. A portion of the water wash is supplied by a waste water stream from an oxidate wash zone having trace quantities of cumene hydroperoxide.

Abstract: A method for refining liquified petroleum gases so that gases can be treated to reduce odor, olefins, moisture and wherein side reactions are minimized to produce stable aerosol by multistage liquid-liquid extraction of the aerosol using electrolyte solutions at controlled pH, chemically treating, drying and finishing by using molecular sieves and metal sulfides.

Abstract: Disclosed is a two-step method for separating isobutylene from a C-4 hydrocarbon fraction comprising:a) Reacting the C-4 fraction with a glycol in the presence of an acidic montmorillonite catalyst at a temperature of about 60.degree. to 160.degree. C. to yield the corresponding glycol mono-t-butyl ether, and subsequentlyb) reacting the intermediate glycol ether product over the same class of catalyst at a temperature of about 100.degree. to 220.degree. C. to regenerate the isolatable isobutylene.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a cumene feed for cumene oxidation from a fresh cumene stream and a recycle cumene stream containing trace quantities of at least one organic acid compound by means of introducing the fresh cumene stream and the recycle cumene stream containing trace quantities of an organic acid compound into a lower zone of a generally vertical elongated countercurrent contacting zone having a caustic/hydrocarbon contacting section in a lower portion of the countercurrent contacting zone and a water/hydrocarbon contacting section in an upper portion of the countercurrent contacting zone; introducing a water stream to provide water to the water/hydrocarbon contacting section; including an aqueous caustic scrubbing solution to provide caustic solution to the caustic/hydrocarbon contacting section; removing spent aqueous caustic solution from the countercurrent contacting zone; and removing and recovering a cumene feed from the countercurrent contacting zone.

Abstract: Method and apparatus are described whereby a caustic-treated hydrocarbon feed mixture having a contaminating concentration of water and sulfur compounds is treated by separating the hydrocarbon feed into a first stream and a second stream. The first stream is contacted with an adsorbent material to produce a reactor feed stream having a significant reduction in the concentration of the contaminating water and sulfur compounds. The reactor feed stream is thereafter contacted in the presence of hydrogen under suitable isomerization conditions with an isomerization catalyst to produce an isomerate product.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the purification of an alpha olefinic feedstock contaminated with internal olefins which process comprises contacting said alpha olefinic feedstock with ethylene in the presence of a catalyst comprising an organoborane promoted alkali metal doped molybdenum and/or rhenium oxide supported on an inorganic oxide support.

Abstract: A method of containing a hydrofluoric acid spill which includes the steps of detecting the spill, drenching the hydrofluoric acid spill area with an aqueous drench, drenching the hydrofluoric acid area with an aqueous solution composed of at least one foam generating surfactant, a foam stabilizer and a phase transfer agent. The drenching steps may be performed in sequence or concurrently.

Abstract: The incorporation of a proton acceptor to an HF alkylation composition. The addition alters the character of HF droplets in an HF cloud rendering a forming HF cloud more easily treated by a simple water drench.

Abstract: A method of containing and neutralizing a hydrofluoric acid spill which comprises the steps of detecting a hydrofluoric acid spill, and then drenching the hydrofluoric acid spill area with a drench composition comprising water, and an alkali agent, or water an alkali agent and a surfactant, or water an alkali agent, a surfactant and a foaming agent. The alkali agents are present in an amount of 0.1 to 10 parts per 100 parts of water.

Abstract: A cooling fluid is utilized to withdraw heat from a KOH treater. The passing of the cooling fluid in heat exchange with the KOH treater is controlled so as to maintain desired operating pressures and also substantially maximize heat transfer. Bypassing of the feed around the KOH treater is utilized only if sufficient cooling cannot be provided to prevent a temperature runaway.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting polymerization of vinyl monomers includes contacting the monomer to be protected with a polymerization inhibiting composition for vinyl monomers comprising an aqueous solution of a dialkyl amine of the formula RR'NH, dialkylhydroxylamine of the formula RR'NOH and an alkali metal salt of a tertiary-alkylcatechol wherein R and R' are the same or different and each is straight chain or branched alkyl having 2 to 10 carbon atoms and the tertiary-alkyl moiety of tertiary-alkylcatechol has a total of 3 to 20 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A caustic wash process to remove mercaptans from a mixture of hydrocarbons, an improvement comprising washing the regenerated caustic with a fraction of said hydrocarbon to remove residual disulfides to improve the overall removal of sulfur from the hydrocarbon feed stream.

Abstract: A process for extracting either or both beta-carotene or glycerine from algae containing these substances, especially from algae of the genera Dunaliella.

Abstract: A process for reducing the level of cyclopentadiene present in a hydrocarbon stream containing isoprene and cyclopentadiene which involves contacting the stream with an alkali metal hydroxide wherein the reaction product is an insoluble salt of CPD.