Abstract: A gold mine cyanide tailing disposal method is provided. The disposal method performs a harmless decyanation treatment on a cyanide tailing slurry obtained from a mineral processing plant, and then performs a resource treatment where a cyanide tailing slurry is subjected to a thickening to obtain a higher concentration. When a backfill is needed, a paste is produced by adding a cementing material after a homogenized stirring of a two-stage horizontal agitator pumped to an underground mining site for filling by a plunger pump. The cementing material is to solidify an underflow and prevent cyanide from being filtered out. When a backfill is not needed, the paste is directly delivered to an open storage area for storing by the plunger pump.

Abstract: A method of treating, stabilizing, precipitating, or otherwise removing heavy metal ions contained in a contaminated media, which method includes: providing a sodium-iron-sulfide mineral or crystalline phase, either alone or in combination with a pH adjusting substance; contacting said contaminated media containing heavy metal ions with the sodium-iron-sulfide mineral or crystalline phase, either alone or in combination with a pH adjusting substance; and allowing the contaminated media containing the heavy metal ions to react with said sodium-iron-sulfide mineral or crystalline phase, either alone or in combination with a pH adjusting substance, such that the contaminated media containing heavy metal ions form single or mixed metal-sulfide precipitates or co-precipitates.

Abstract: A process for treating halide contaminated waste includes bringing the contaminated waste into contact with a reductone in an aqueous solution to obtain a mixture having a pH value, and adjusting the pH value to permit dissociation of two hydrogen ions from an enediol group of the reductone and to permit subsequent reaction of the reductone with an electrophilic site of halide contained in the contaminated waste. Halide can thus be removed.

Abstract: A method for efficiently and simply achieving decontamination of organic compounds, in particular, gaseous organic compounds diffused in the atmosphere, is provided by carrying out an in-situ treatment under in-situ environmental conditions. The method involves exposing organic compounds to a processing gas at normal temperature, thereby achieving decontamination, in which the processing gas includes a hydroxylmethyl radical, a hydroperoxy radical, a hydrogen radical, and a hydroxyl radical which are generated by allowing a catalyst to act on methanol gas.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a beneficial composition in order to detoxify the harmful compound containing arsenic etc. effectively and systematically and a method for detoxifying a harmful compound by using the composition. The composition for the alkylation according to the present invention is characterized in that the composition contains a cobalt complex. The method of detoxifying the harmful compound according to the present invention is characterized in that a harmful compound containing at least one element selected from the groups comprising arsenic, antimony and selenium is detoxified by the alkylation of the harmful compound, in the presence of the composition according to the present invention.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods of treating a composition. In one embodiment, the method includes contacting a sulfur-based bulk reductant with a composition that includes soil and/or water and further includes one or more oxidized organic and/or inorganic compounds. In another embodiment, the method includes contacting a sulfur-based bulk reductant with a composition that includes soil and/or water and further includes one or more chlorinated organic compounds. In still another embodiment, the method includes contacting a sulfur-based bulk reductant with a composition that includes soil and/or water and further includes one or more chemical warfare agents. Also provided herein are sulfur-based bulk reductants for use in remediation of contaminated soil and/or water.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to a process and plant for the transformation of dangerous wastes containing chromium six as contaminant into non dangerous wastes that can be stored without special care and will be degraded in the environment without time limit. The process basically consists of milling, extracting chromium six in liquid phase and under controlled conditions of stirring, time and temperature, proceeding then, through reduction, to transform the chromium six in chromium three and then precipitating as chromium trioxide, through gasification. The solid resulting from the transformation process can be used as raw material for the manufacturing of firebricks or eventually for the manufacturing of bricks used in the building industry through a process not included in the instant description.

Abstract: Providing a method for eliminating NOx from an input waste form, including waste forms with volatile elements. The method includes adding the input waste form, reducing additives, a fluidizing gas, and mineralizing additives to a fluidized bed reactor. The reactor includes multiple portions and at least one portion is operated in a reducing atmosphere. The bed is operated at temperatures greater than 800° C.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes a method for recovering metals such as gallium, indium and aluminum from III-V group compound semiconductors or semiconducting materials thereof containing arsenic, antimony and/or selenium. The method includes the step of adsorbing the arsenic, antimony and selenium selectively to an adsorbent containing the rare-earth metal compound with the use of the adsorbent.

Abstract: Described are method of treating a radioactive organic waste stream comprising: (a) mixing a radioactive organic waste stream comprising organic compounds and radionuclides with phosphoric acid to form a reaction mixture; (b) heating the reaction mixture to a desired temperature in the presence of an oxidant to oxidize organic compounds present in the waste stream, and removing oxidized organic compounds from the reaction mixture; (c) optionally, adding a reducing agent to the reaction mixture to form insoluble radioactive metal phosphate compounds comprising one or more of the radionuclides, and separating the insoluble radioactive metal phosphate compounds from the reaction mixture; (d) optionally, adding a fluorine compound to the reaction mixture to react with uranium that may be present in the reaction mixture to form uranium hexafluoride, and removing uranium hexafluoride from the reaction mixture; (e) adding ammonia to the reaction mixture to neutralize phosphoric acid and to form ammonium phosphate

Abstract: The instant invention relates to a process and plant for the transformation of dangerous wastes containing chromium six as contaminant into non dangerous wastes that can be stored without special care and will be degraded in the environment without time limit. The process basically consists of milling, extracting chromium six in liquid phase and under controlled conditions of stirring, time and temperature, proceeding then, through reduction, to transform the chromium six in chromium three and then precipitating as chromium trioxide, through gasification. The solid resulting from the transformation process can be used as raw material for the manufacturing of firebricks or eventually for the manufacturing of bricks used in the building industry through a process not included in the instant description.

Abstract: Methods to reduce hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) in chromite processing wastes include one or more of the following steps: contacting the chromite processing wastes with an oxygen scavenger or chemical reducer; permitting the chromite processing wastes to react with the oxygen scavenger or chemical reducer; contacting the chromite processing wastes with ferrous ion; contacting the chromite processing wastes with sulfide ion; and, contacting the chromite processing wastes with ferrous sulfide.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to a process and plant for the transformation of dangerous wastes containing chromium six as contaminant into non dangerous wastes that can be stored without special care and will be degraded in the environment without time limit. The process basically consists of milling, extracting chromium six in liquid phase and under controlled conditions of stirring, time and temperature, proceeding then, through reduction, to transform the chromium six in chromium three and then precipitating as chromium trioxide, through gasification. The solid resulting from the transformation process can be used as raw material for the manufacturing of firebricks or eventually for the manufacturing of bricks used in the building industry through a process not included in the instant description.

Abstract: Processes for reducing hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI) in a chromite ore processing residue matrix and processes for analyzing and determining effective treatment are disclosed.

Abstract: A process and apparatus are described for converting a feed that is substantially comprised of halogenated materials, and especially byproduct and waste chlorinated hydrocarbons as are produced from a variety of chemical manufacturing processes, to one or more higher value products via a partial oxidation reforming reaction step. These products can be in the form of a useful or salable acid product and/or a product synthesis gas comprised of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, or the reaction product including the same hydrogen halide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen components can be employed as a feed in the synthesis of a different useful or salable product.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel method of detoxifying highly toxic chemicals, and treating surfaces contaminated, or potentially contaminated, with toxic chemical agents such as chemical warfare agents and/or industrial toxins. The methods utilizes a novel sorbent compound which comprises Mn(VII) mineral which can be either solid supported or non-solid supported. The Mn(VII) mineral can be provided in a number of different forms including creams, lotions, powders, liquids, slurries and aerosols.

Abstract: A procedure for the on-site reduction to a predetermined level of the concentration of hexavalent chromium in a saturated or unsaturated contaminated area or ground, in which an in-depth treatment of this area or ground is carried out with a predetermined quantity of a gaseous mixture consisting of hydrogen and another inert gas in order to chemically reduce the hexavalent chromium to a state of lower valence, in particular to the state of trivalent chromium.

Abstract: A method for immobilizing metal in soil includes blending slag fines with soil to form a media. The slag fines immobilize metal present in the media and reduce leaching of the metal into water.

Abstract: A catalyst which, by means of a reduction reaction at ambient temperature, permits the elimination of nitrates and nitrites in waters. The catalyst comprises a combination of a noble metal and a non-noble metal supported on or incorporated into the structure of a support which, in elemental and anhydrous form, has the formula XYMgAl, in which X is at least one noble metal, Y is at least one non-noble metal, Mg is magnesium and Al is aluminum, the Mg and Al preferably forming the structure of a hydrotalcite or a mixed oxide deriving from a hydrotalcite.

Abstract: A process for the conversion of organic halide compounds, including refrigerant fluids, is provided. The process includes contacting the organic halide compound with an additive hydrogen donor at a reaction temperature, to produce a product stream that includes a hydrogen halide and carbon oxide.

Abstract: Methods to reduce hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) in chromite processing wastes include one or more of the following steps: contacting the chromite processing wastes with an oxygen scavenger or chemical reducer; permitting the chromite processing wastes to react with the oxygen scavenger or chemical reducer; contacting the chromite processing wastes with ferrous ion; contacting the chromite processing wastes with sulfide ion; and, contacting the chromite processing wastes with ferrous sulfide.

Abstract: A system and method is provided for producing a safely disposable end product from waste matter containing undesirable materials, such as infectious, biohazardous, hazardous, or radioactive elements. The method comprises the steps of providing a highly alkaline solvent, immersing the waste matter containing the undesirable materials within the highly alkaline solvent, and heating the solvent. The waste matter containing the undesirable materials is allowed to remain within the solvent until digested, thereby forming a solution void of any infectious or biohazardous elements and/or containing a decreased concentration of radioisotope.

Abstract: A flexible process for the preparation and conditioning of sedimentary materials. The degree of decontamination of these dredged materials is enhanced by the use of chemical indicators. Based upon the level of contamination contained within this material the process is used to isolate the specific contamination and utilize a variable process to decontaminate these compounds. Not all of the compounds contained within the dredged sediment is treated the same way. The process is designed to isolate the composite of materials and treat each particle with a different process based upon its classification. Post treatment, this material may be combined and dewatered for a suitable use.

Abstract: The subject invention provides a potentially economically viable process for the destruction of small to large quantities of halogenated hydrocarbons, their homologous/analogues, and similar hazardous chemicals at ambient conditions using superoxide ion in deep eutectic solvents. The superoxide ion is either electrochemically generated by the reduction of oxygen in deep eutectic solvents or chemically by dissolving Group 1 (alkali metals) or Group 2 (alkaline earth metals) superoxides, e.g. potassium superoxide, in deep eutectic solvents.

Abstract: The invention provides a system and process for treating a raw material to reduce the level of a contaminant in the raw material or to form a raw product that can be used to produce a fuel. The system and process include means for pressurising a pumpable feedstock comprising the raw material to a pressure of between 100 and 350 bar, preferably using indirect pressurising means; heating the feedstock to a temperature of between 250° C. and 400° C. within a processing vessel to form a pressurised raw product stream; cooling the raw product stream within the processing vessel to an ambient or near ambient temperature; then depressurising the raw product stream before discharging the raw product from the system.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a method of detoxifying a methyl compound comprising arsenic etc., effectively and systematically. The method of detoxifying a methyl compound according to the present invention is characterized in that an organic halogenated compound is reacted with a methyl compound comprising at least one element selected from the groups comprising arsenic, antimony and selenium to convert the methyl compound into more harmless substances. Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment of the method of detoxifying a methyl compound according to the present invention, the method is characterized in that the element is arsenic.

Abstract: The present inventions are made from a viewpoint of such problems of the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide a good biomass. A method of treating a biomass material according to the present invention is characterized in that arsenic, antimony, selenium, chromium and/or copper contained in a biomass material is (are) adsorbed and eliminated by the use of an adsorbent containing a rare-earth metal compound. The method is characterized in that after the above arsenic, antimony and/or selenium is (are) selectively adsorbed and eliminated, further the above chromium and/or copper is (are) selectively adsorbed and eliminated.

Abstract: A system for chemically decontaminating radioactive material.

Abstract: An iron powder for decomposition of organic chlorinated compounds, comprising from 0.03 to 0.5% by weight of Ni and from 0.005 to 5% by weight of carbon, wherein particles having a particle size of less than 53 ?m occupies less than 40% by weight, is used. It is particularly preferable that Ni, carbon and iron are partially alloyed. When the iron powder for decomposition is used by mixing with, for example, an Ni-free iron powder, the total Ni content can be reduced without deterioration of decomposition performance to organic chlorinated compounds. The iron powder has high decomposition performance in the treatment of a solid such as soil.

Abstract: Methods to reduce hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) in chromite processing wastes include one or more of the following steps: contacting the chromite processing wastes with an oxygen scavenger or chemical reducer; permitting the chromite processing wastes to react with the oxygen scavenger or chemical reducer, contacting the chromite processing wastes with ferrous ion; contacting the chromite processing wastes with sulfide ion; and, contacting the chromite processing wastes with ferrous sulfide.

Abstract: A method for remediating hazardous materials susceptible to nucleophillic attack is disclosed wherein sodium hydroxide is applied to a treatment zone in situ for raising the pH of the treatment zone to at least about 12.5 so that alkaline hydrolysis effectively breaks down the hazardous substance by replacing a leaving group with a nucleophile. The method is well suited for in situ use in the vadose zone to treat contaminated soil and groundwater.

Abstract: Methods to reduce hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) in chromite processing wastes include one or more of the following steps: contacting the chromite processing wastes with an oxygen scavenger or chemical reducer; permitting the chromite processing wastes to react with the oxygen scavenger or chemical reducer; contacting the chromite processing wastes with ferrous ion; contacting the chromite processing wastes with sulfide ion; and, contacting the chromite processing wastes with ferrous sulfide.

Abstract: In methods for treatment of in ground chromium ore processing residue contamination, ferrous sulfide is provided as a substantially insoluble material in the residue deposit. The ferrous sulfide accordingly may remain substantially in place, in the pores of the soil or residue, even over long periods of time, regardless of underground water movement or diffusion. As a result, the ferrous sulfide may act continuously to chemically reduce and remove contamination. As hexavalent chromium diffuses from the soil or residue, it is reduced by the ferrous sulfide. The ferrous sulfide may be placed into the underground deposit by injecting a ferrous salt solution into the deposit, waiting for a precipitation to elapse, and then injecting a sulfide solution into the deposit.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a beneficial composition in order to detoxify the harmful compound containing arsenic etc. effectively and systematically and a method for detoxifying a harmful compound by using the composition. The composition for the alkylation according to the present invention is characterized in that the composition contains a cobalt complex. The method of detoxifying the harmful compound according to the present invention is characterized in that a harmful compound containing at least one element selected from the groups comprising arsenic, antimony and selenium is detoxified by the alkylation of the harmful compound, in the presence of the composition according to the present invention.

Abstract: A method for preparing highly stabilized and dispersible zero valent iron nanoparticles and using the nanoparticles as a remediation technology against inorganic chemical toxins in contaminated sites. The method employs a composition containing select polysaccharides (starch or cellulose) as a stabilizer for the iron nanoparticles in a liquid carrier, and results in suspensions of iron nanoparticles of desired size and mobility in water, brine, soils or sediments. The stabilizer facilitates controlling the dispersibility of the iron nanoparticles in the liquid carrier. An effective amount of the composition is delivered to a contaminated site so that the zero valent iron nanoparticles can remediate one or more toxins such as an arsenate, a nitrate, a chromate, or a perchlorate in the contaminated site.

Abstract: A method of sequestering CO2, CO, NOx and/or other gases, including exhaust gases, into steam and injecting it into organic waste such as is found in landfills, biomass reactors, and the like. The steam enriched with CO2, CO, NOx and/or other gases injected into the landfill or biomass reactor can accelerate the decomposition/biodegradation of organic refuse within the trash prism to increase the production of methane gas and/or CO2.

Abstract: Emulsified systems of a surfactant-stabilized, biodegradable water-in-solvent emulsion with bimetallic particles contained with the emulsion droplets are useful at removing PCBs from ex situ structures. The hydrophobic emulsion system draws PCBs through the solvent/surfactant membrane. Once inside the membrane, the PCBs diffuse into the bimetallic particles and undergo degradation. The PCBs continue to enter, diffuse, degrade, and biphenyl will exit the particle maintaining a concentration gradient across the membrane and maintaining a driving force of the reaction.

Abstract: Mercury is removed from contaminated waste by firstly applying a sulfur reagent to the waste. Mercury in the waste is then permitted to migrate to the reagent and is stabilized in a mercury sulfide compound. The stable compound may then be removed from the waste which itself remains in situ following mercury removal therefrom.

Abstract: The subject invention provides a potentially economically viable method for the preparation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in deep eutectic solvents (DES). H2O2 is then used for the destruction of small to large quantities of sulfur and nitrogen mustards and lewisite, their homologous/analogues, and similar chemical warfare agents at ambient conditions in DES without producing any toxic by-products. Furthermore, H2O2 has been used for the destruction of small to large quantities of halogenated hydrocarbons, their homologous/analogues, and similar hazardous chemicals at ambient conditions. H2O2 can be formed by either the electrochemical reduction of oxygen in DES in the presence of water or by dissolving Group 1 (alkali metals) or Group 2 (alkaline earth metals) superoxides, e.g. potassium superoxide, in DES in the presence of water, with/without chemicals used for the enhancement of the solubility of the metal superoxide in the DES, e.g. crown ethers.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to a process and plant for the transformation of dangerous wastes containing chromium six as contaminant into non dangerous wastes that can be stored without special care and will be degraded in the environment without time limit. The process basically consists of milling, extracting chromium six in liquid phase and under controlled conditions of stirring, time and temperature, proceeding then, through reduction, to transform the chromium six in chromium three and then precipitating as chromium trioxide, through gasification. The solid resulting from the transformation process can be used as raw material for the manufacturing of firebricks or eventually for the manufacturing of bricks used in the building industry through a process not included in the instant description.

Abstract: A process to transform solid, low-level, radioactive waste produced from oil and gas production into a form that may be safely disposed of, such as by re-injection into geologic formations in the Earth.

Abstract: Methods of treating ground water and methods for reducing contaminants (e.g., chlorinated compounds in contaminated ground water) to harmless compounds in the presence of an elemental metal treatment composition. Said methods comprise injecting a treatment solution comprising a colloidal suspension of elemental metal particles (e.g., iron, a tin, a zinc, a palladium and mixtures thereof) having a nanoscale particle size and a carbohydrate in an organic liquid (e.g., dodecane, butyl acetate and polypropylene glycol ethyl ether acetate and mixtures thereof) into the ground, proximate to the contaminated ground water.

Abstract: The invention provides a remediation method of soil, water and/or gases by prompt dehalogenation of halogenated hydrocarbons by allowing the halogenated hydrocarbons contained at least in one of the soil, water and/or gases to contact an iron powder containing about 0.03 to about 2% by mass of sulfur preferably on the surface, and an iron powder for use in the remediation method.

Abstract: Decontamination formulations for neutralization of toxic industrial chemicals, and methods of making and using same. The formulations are effective for neutralizing malathion, hydrogen cyanide, sodium cyanide, butyl isocyanate, carbon disulfide, phosgene gas, capsaicin in commercial pepper spray, chlorine gas, anhydrous ammonia gas; and may be effective at neutralizing hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, formaldehyde, ethylene oxide, methyl bromide, boron trichloride, fluorine, tetraethyl pyrophosphate, phosphorous trichloride, arsine, and tungsten hexafluoride.

Abstract: A method for chemically decontaminating radioactive material. The method includes reducing-dissolving step for setting surface of radioactive material in contact with reducing decontamination liquid including mono-carboxylic acid and di-carboxylic acid as dissolvent; and oxidizing-dissolving step for setting the surface of the radioactive material in contact with oxidizing decontamination liquid including oxidizer. The method may include repeated pairs of steps, each pair including the reducing-dissolving step and the oxidizing-dissolving step. The mono-carboxylic acid may include formic acid, and the di-carboxylic acid includes oxalic acid. The oxidizer may be ozone, permanganic acid or permanganate.

Abstract: A method of decreasing nitrate nitrogen and volatile organic compounds in soil and groundwater by burying a fatty acid having 10 or more carbon atoms, an alcohol having 12 or more carbon atoms, an ester of a linear saturated fatty acid having 14 or more carbon atoms and a monohydric alcohol, an ester of a linear saturated fatty acid having 14 or more carbon atoms and a polyhydric alcohol, an ester of a fatty acid having 16 or more carbon atoms and glycerine, and the like in soil containing nitrate nitrogen and volatile organic compounds or by contacting groundwater with same. This method allows for on site treatment, high biological denitrification and a decrease in volatile organic compounds secondary pollution by the release of organic matter and nitrogen into the environment.

Abstract: A method of removing harmful components of a perfluorocarbon gas or a perfluorocompound including the step of mixing at least one of a hydrocarbon gas and NH3 gas with an exhaust gas containing a perfluorocarbon or a perfluorocompound discharged from manufacturing equipment. The method also includes the step of thermally decomposing the resulting mixed gas in a non-oxidizing atmosphere.

Abstract: In a method for reducing the leaching of oxyanion forming elements, in particular chromium, from materials containing environmentally noxious constituents, especially from incineration residues, especially flue gas cleaning products from waste incineration, in particular fly ash, the said materials are admixed with an aqueous medium such as water in a closed container in a liquid-solid ratio sufficient to cause reducing conditions capable of stabilizing oxyanion forming elements, in particular chromium, due to oxidation of metallic Al, Zn, Fe, and other free metals present in the said materials.

Abstract: A method of decreasing nitrate nitrogen and volatile organic compounds in soil and groundwater by burying a fatty acid having 10 or more carbon atoms, an alcohol having 12 or more carbon atoms, an ester of a linear saturated fatty acid having 14 or more carbon atoms and a monohydric alcohol, an ester of a linear saturated fatty acid having 14 or more carbon atoms and a polyhydric alcohol, an ester of a fatty acid having 16 or more carbon atoms and glycerine, and the like in soil containing nitrate nitrogen and volatile organic compounds. This method allows for on site treatment, high biological denitrification and a decrease in volatile organic compounds secondary pollution by the release of organic matter and nitrogen into the environment is extremely small.

Abstract: A bioremediation system converts a waste stream, at least part of which is a fluid containing energetics, to carbon dioxide (CO2), water, and environmentally benign end products. It uses gas-enhanced sequencing-batch-reactors (SBRs), treating the waste stream in three SBRs seriatim. The first SBR uses a nitrogen purge, the second a hydrogen gas supplement, and the third an oxygen gas or forced air supplement. Each reactor may be supplemented with additives to optimize conditions such as pH, dissolved oxygen, and nutrient level. The system may be implemented under manual control, semi-automated, or fully automated, as needed. A waste stream of consideration is the pink water resultant from munitions fabrication and handling.