Abstract: The invention provides a new class of synthetic sequence-defined polymer (SDP) and a method of synthesizing the same. The synthetic sequence-defined polymers have dithiocarbamate incorporated to the backbone. The method introduces a functional group dithiocarbamate in the backbone by using a new support-free, protection-deprotection free three-component reaction strategy. Dithiocarbamate-SDP is prepared from a unique bifunctional monomer, CS2 and chloroacetyl chloride. Chloracetyl chloride is used as a co-monomer. Different functional groups may be introduced in the dithiocarbamate-SDP via custom synthesis of monomers with the desired functional group, using the method disclosed. The SDPs may undergo modular post-synthetic modification through multiple paths. SDP is produced in multi-gram scale at low cost and in an eco-friendly manner through the method. No hazardous waste is produced in the process as HCl gas released from the reaction may be neutralized by bicarbonate in the medium.

Abstract: A method for disposing of fly ash. After the fly ash has been processed using the method contained herein, this fly ash can be disposed of more easily because of the reduced toxicity of the final product. Also, this converted fly ash may be recycled and used as a material or aggregate in concrete. The method includes the treatment of dioxins found in fly ash found in waste incinerator flue from waste incineration power plants which includes collecting the fly ash, putting the fly ash into a hermetic device and treating the fly ash through various heating steps and thereafter lowering an environmental temperature in the hermetic heating device, which results in a significant reduction of dioxins in the fly ash.

Abstract: Techniques for disposing of one or more toxic materials, such as coal waste (e.g., fly ash, sludge, etc.), include incorporating the toxic materials into artificial feldspar or forming artificial feldspar from the toxic material(s). The artificial feldspar may be used to form an artificial aggregate, which may be used in a construction material, as road base, as a fill material or for any other suitable purpose. Artificial aggregates that are formed from toxic materials are also disclosed, as are construction materials that include such artificial aggregates.

Abstract: An aspect of the present invention is a method of processing a waste material that contains mercury or a mercury compound, and chlorine or a mercury chloride, the method including a step of adding a chlorine scavenger to the waste material, and stowing the waste material in a treatment vessel; and a step of subjecting the waste material to a blasting treatment by fitting an explosive to the treatment vessel and detonating the explosive inside a pressure-proof container.

Abstract: Sorbent components containing halogen, calcium, alumina, and silica are used in combination during coal combustion to produce environmental benefits. Sorbents such as calcium bromide are added to the coal ahead of combustion and other components are added into the flame or downstream of the flame, preferably at minimum temperatures to assure complete formation of the refractory structures that result in various advantages of the methods. When used together, the components: reduce emissions of elemental and oxidized mercury; increase the level of Hg, As, Pb, and/or CI in the coal ash; decrease the levels of leachable heavy metals (such as Hg) in the ash, preferably to levels below the detectable limits; and make a highly cementitious ash product.

Abstract: A method for treating cement kiln dust is provided. The method includes the steps of receiving cement kiln dust (CKD) from a kiln; heating the collected CKD; forming a gas stream of vaporized metal and CKD by sufficient heating to separate at least one heavy metal from the collected CKD stream to create a cleaned CKD stream and a metal stream; providing a water soluble alkaline-earth metal polysulfide; combining the heavy metal stream with the water soluble alkaline-earth metal sulfide to create a combined stream; and removing at least a portion of one heavy metal from the combined stream.

Abstract: A process for treating particulate material containing heavy metal generated during a manufacturing process is disclosed. The process includes providing particulate material containing heavy metal within an enclosed area and mixing an additive of calcium silicate forming material with the particulate material in the enclosed area to create an additive-particulate material. The additive-particulate material can be passed into a waste collection device located downstream of the enclosed area. The calcium silicate forming material can be provided as particles with a particle size of minus 50 to plus 325 mesh. An additional aspect of the invention is an additive for use in such a process for treating metallic oxide impregnated dust, which has a particle size of plus 325 mesh and consists essentially of calcium silicate forming material.

Abstract: A method of recycling captured agglomerated soot captured by and collected from a diesel emission control after-treatment (DECAT) system, the method comprising collecting captured agglomerated diesel soot (CADS) as a feedstock, loading the CADS into a controlled thermochemical conversion (TCC) process reactor, employing time-phased heat and pressure in the controlled TCC process reactor until the CADS sufficiently decompose to reclaim solids, liquid fuels and gases, piping pyrolysis oils (tars) and vapors produced in the controlled TCC process reactor to chambers, cooling and condensing the pyrolysis oils and vapors into a liquid form, and recirculating a pyrolysis gas produced in the controlled TCC process reactor for use as a source of heat and power.

Abstract: A system, method, and composition for generating a composition made from a combination of fly ash, FGD purge water, a fixation agent such as lime, and/or synthetic gypsum which, when mixed in the right proportions, results in a material that is easily handled and sets up over time in a relatively impermeable manner that significantly reduces the leaching of contaminants that would otherwise be readily available for release into the environment.

Abstract: Sorbent components containing halogen, calcium, alumina, and silica are used in combination during coal combustion to produce environmental benefits. Sorbents such as calcium bromide are added to the coal ahead of combustion and other components are added into the flame or downstream of the flame, preferably at minimum temperatures to assure complete formation of the refractory structures that result in various advantages of the methods. When used together, the components reduce emissions of elemental and oxidized mercury; increase the level of Hg, As, Pb, and/or Cl in the coal ash; decrease the levels of leachable heavy metals (such as Hg) in the ash, preferably to levels below the detectable limits; and make a highly cementitious ash product.

Abstract: A method for removing elements, including heavy metals, from fly ash and from fly ash resulting from removal of SOx/NOx from flue gas using Na2CO3/NaHCO3/trona, is described. An aqueous suspension of the fly ash and/or a solution of the leachate from the fly ash is treated with dissolved ferrous compounds, such as FeSO4.7H2O and/or FeCl2.4H2O, at a chosen initial acidic pH, and the precipitation of the ferrous ions as the solution basifies sequesters the trace elements.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for stabilizing liquid mercury using sulfur polymer cement, via mercury sulfide. The method for stabilizing liquid mercury by the production of sulfur polymer cement comprises (a) transformation of the liquid mercury into mercury sulfide (metacinnabar) by a chemical reaction, under stoichiometric conditions, between mercury and elemental sulfur; and (b) production of sulfur polymer cement by incorporating the mercury sulfide produced in the previous step into a stable mixture consisting of aggregates, elemental sulfur and sulfur polymer.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for the treatment of wastes and materials by addition of Amber Phosphoric Acid to reduce the PCB content and/or TCLP Pb content, thus allowing treated materials or waste to be classified as non-Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA) waste and/or non-hazardous RCRA solid waste, or otherwise allowed to be reused or land filled at a cost lower than without such treatment.

Abstract: A process for treating particulate material containing heavy metal generated during a manufacturing process is disclosed. The process includes providing particulate material containing heavy metal within an enclosed area and mixing an additive of calcium silicate forming material with the particulate material in the enclosed area to create an additive-particulate material. The additive-particulate material can be passed into a waste collection device located downstream of the enclosed area. The calcium silicate forming material can be provided as particles with a particle size of minus 50 to plus 325 mesh. An additional aspect of the invention is an additive for use in such a process for treating metallic oxide impregnated dust, which has a particle size of plus 325 mesh and consists essentially of calcium silicate forming material.

Abstract: Provided is a method of stabilizing and solidifying elemental mercury using sulfur and paraffin. The method includes reacting elemental mercury with sulfur to prepare a mercury sulfide compound, adding a mixture of the mercury sulfide compound and the remaining sulfur after the reaction to high-temperature liquid paraffin to melt the remaining sulfur, and cooling the sulfur to solidify the mercury sulfide compound. According to the method of stabilizing and solidifying elemental mercury using sulfur and paraffin, a surface of a solidified product is covered with a thin paraffin layer to prevent exposure to the outside.

Abstract: A method for treating fly ash from incineration plants having at least one combustion chamber includes precipitating fly ash in a dust separator, and treating the fly ash using a gaseous reducing agent at a temperature between 600 and 700° C. so as to selectively convert a metal sulfate into at least one of a sulfide and a metallic form of the metal sulfate.

Abstract: A system for removing mercury from combustion gas. The system includes a combustion device, a stack, and a duct system that couples the combustion device to the stack. The system further comprises an injection system that is coupled to the duct system. The injection system injects sorbents including alkali-based sorbents and carbon-based sorbents into the duct system.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for optimal low cost stabilization of incinerator ash subject to acid and water leaching tests or leach conditions by addition of pH increasing agents, such that leaching of lead and cadmium is inhibited to desired levels. The resultant ash after stabilization is suitable for disposal as RCRA non-hazardous waste.

Abstract: A conventional method of pyrolytically decomposing plastic to make low-molecular compounds is poor in efficiency of use of energy due to high heating temperatures (at least 600° C. and 800° C. at maximum). The invention provides that a functional powder is heated to a predetermined temperature and pieces of plastic to be disposed are caused to be contacted with the heated powder, the functional powder including a powder which does in an aqueous solution state show alkalinity, and a photo-catalyst effect powder.

Abstract: A method of decontaminating solids contaminated with chlorinated hydrocarbons includes a first step of heating the contaminated solids at a temperature high enough to volatize chlorine contaminates but below a temperature range favorable to the formation of the dioxins and furans to dechlorinate the contaminated solids. Volatilized chlorine contaminates are removed from the dechlorinated contaminated solids. The dechlorinated contaminated solids are then purged with an inert gas to remove oxygen from the dechlorinated contaminated solids. Thereafter the dechlorinated contaminated solids are heated in the absence of oxygen to a temperature sufficient to crack hydrocarbons contaminating the solids to lower molecular weight hydrocarbons.