Abstract: Provided is a two-stroke internal combustion engine, including: a fuel injection valve configured to supply a fuel to a crank chamber; an intake passage configured to allow only air to be sucked thereinto under a negative pressure generated when a piston is actuated; and a scavenging passage that allows communication between the crank chamber and a combustion chamber. The intake passage is branched into a first intake passage and a second intake passage. The first intake passage communicates with the crank chamber. The second intake passage communicates with the scavenging passage. The fuel injection valve is configured to inject the fuel toward at least one of the first intake passage or the crank chamber. Further, air stagnant in the scavenging passage at end of air suction serves as leading air to contribute to scavenging.

Abstract: The invention provides an emission control system for treatment of an exhaust gas stream that includes an oxidation catalyst composition disposed on a substrate in fluid communication with the exhaust gas stream; at least one selective catalytic reduction (SCR) composition disposed on a substrate downstream from the oxidation catalyst composition, and a hydrogen injection article configured to introduce hydrogen into the exhaust gas stream upstream of the oxidation catalyst composition or downstream of the oxidation catalyst composition and upstream of the at least one SCR composition. The invention also provides a method of treating an exhaust gas stream, the method including receiving the exhaust gas stream into the emission control system of the invention and intermittently introducing hydrogen upstream of the oxidation catalyst article or downstream of the oxidation catalyst article and upstream stream of the SCR article.

Abstract: A system that includes a vehicle fuel-receiver comprising a port located on a vehicle surface; and an onboard computer programmed to: send a fuel delivery request to an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV); actuate the port to permit the UAV to deliver fuel; and instruct a communication module to transmit a beacon signal to the UAV.

Abstract: Fuel pump for an internal combustion engine, wherein the fuel pump has: an auxiliary tank designed to receive a fuel flow from a low-pressure fuel pump; a pumping device drawing the fuel from the auxiliary tank through a suction duct; a Venturi choke arranged along the suction duct; and a degasification duct, which originates in a ceiling of the auxiliary tank and leads to the middle of the Venturi choke.

Abstract: A metering device for metering water or an aqueous solution, such as an injector for metering a reducing agent liquid into an exhaust gas stream of a combustion system or an injector for metering water or aqueous solution into a combustion chamber or into an intake manifold of an internal combustion engine. The metering device has an inlet and an outlet for the water or aqueous solution and a shut-off device which is arranged between the inlet and the outlet. At least one electrically operated heating element is arranged in the region of the shut-off device so as to heat and avoid freezing of the liquid.

Abstract: An exhaust purification system of an internal combustion engine includes a catalyst arranged in an exhaust passage of the internal combustion engine, a fuel supply device supplying fuel to the catalyst through the exhaust passage, and a control device configured to control the supply of fuel by the fuel supply device. The control device is configured to calculate a concentration in exhaust gas of fuel supplied to the exhaust passage by the fuel supply device and a saturation vapor pressure concentration of the fuel and supply fuel from the fuel supply device to the catalyst only when the concentration in the exhaust gas is higher than the saturation vapor pressure concentration.

Abstract: A method for operating an engine system is provided. The method includes during a first operating condition, flowing oil from an oil sump to a heat exchanger attached to a reductant tank and transferring heat from oil flowing through the heat exchanger to reductant stored in the reductant tank. The method further includes during a second operating condition, flowing oil from the oil sump to the heat exchanger and transferring heat from the reductant stored in the reductant tank to oil flowing through the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A cleaning module (10) for cleaning a media flow of a first medium contaminated with a second medium that has a housing (12) having an inlet (18) and an outlet (20, 21) and a replaceable filter element (30) arranged within the housing (12). In this arrangement, a flow direction (32) of the media flow is directed through the filter element (30) in the specified installed state against the force of gravity. The filter element (30) has an absorptive and/or adsorptive material (34) for picking up at least a portion of the second medium in the first medium. A filter element for the cleaning module (10) and a filter system (100) having the cleaning module (10) are disclosed.

Abstract: An evaporated fuel processing apparatus includes a blocking valve configured to selectively allow and shut off communication between a canister and a fuel tank, and adsorbs evaporated fuel by the canister by opening the blocking valve during fuel filling, wherein the evaporated fuel occurs in the fuel tank, and performs a purge operation of introducing purge gas into an intake air line of an internal combustion engine with the blocking valve closed while the internal combustion engine is operating, wherein the purge gas contains a fuel component released from the canister. A diagnostic apparatus is configured to diagnose whether or not the blocking valve is abnormal, based on sensing of evaporated fuel flowing through the blocking valve while the purge operation is being performed.

Abstract: A method for an exhaust system is provided, comprising adjusting reductant injection responsive to a reductant concentration, the reductant concentration based on concentration sensor readings and vehicle motion. If the reductant freezes, the reductant may stratify, leading to inaccurate concentration sensor readings. Vehicle motion may mix the reductant, thereby ensuring an accurate concentration measurement which may then be used to adjust reductant injection.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine system having a fuel tank for storing fuel to be supplied to an engine and an exhaust passage in which exhaust gas is to be exhausted from the engine, wherein the internal combustion engine system includes: a closing member to close the exhaust passage; an exhaust gas introduction passage connecting the exhaust passage and the fuel tank; and a controller configured to close the exhaust passage by the closing member after the engine is stopped to store the exhaust gas in the exhaust passage and to introduce the exhaust gas stored in the exhaust passage into the fuel tank via the exhaust gas introduction passage.

Abstract: System and methods for treating particulate matter vented from an engine crankcase are provided. In one embodiment, an engine includes a crankcase. A ventilation hose is coupled to the engine to vent a crankcase gas from the crankcase. A catalytic emissions control device is coupled to the ventilation hose to treat particulate matter in the crankcase gas.

Abstract: An embodiment (control apparatus) for an internal combustion engine according to the present invention determines, based on an output value of the downstream air-fuel ratio sensor disposed downstream of a three-way catalyst, determines which air-fuel ratio request, a rich request or a lean request, is occurring. The control apparatus sets a target upstream air-fuel ratio to a target rich air-fuel ratio when the rich request is occurring, and sets the target upstream air-fuel ratio to a target lean air-fuel ratio when the lean request is occurring. Each of the target rich air-fuel ratio and the target lean air-fuel ratio is varied depending on an intake air amount. Further, the control apparatus increases a purge amount of an evaporated fuel as a magnitude (air-fuel ratio change amount ?AF, |afLean?afRich|) of a difference between the target rich air-fuel ratio and the target lean air-fuel ratio becomes larger.

Abstract: A control apparatus for an internal combustion engine determines, based on an output value of the downstream air-fuel ratio sensor, an air-fuel ratio of a gas flowing into the catalyst that is set to either a “target rich ratio” or a “target lean ratio”, and determines a fuel injection amount. Disclosed is an evaporated fuel purge section for introducing an evaporated fuel generated in a fuel tank into an intake passage. The purge section starts the purge when the target air-fuel ratio is set to the target rich ratio at a purge execution condition satisfied time point at which a state has changed from a state in which the purge execution condition is unsatisfied to a state in which it is satisfied, and does not start the purge when the target air-fuel ratio is set to the target lean air-fuel ratio at the purge execution condition satisfied time point.

Abstract: A method of scavenging the residual burnt gas of a direct-injection supercharged multi-cylinder internal-combustion engine(10), notably of diesel type, running under partial loads, with a piston moving in a reciprocating motion between a top dead center (PMH) and a bottom dead center (PMB) includes a burnt gas scavenging stage that is carried out by a sequence of opening/closing at least one exhaust valve (18) during engine exhaust phase (E) and at least one sequence of opening/closing at least one intake valve (28) during this exhaust valve opening/closing sequence. The method includes, during the scavenging stage, in controlling the closing time of intake valve (28) so as to cause a decrease in exhaust pressure (Pe) in order to achieve a pressure differential between intake pressure (Pa) and exhaust pressure (Pe) favorable to intake pressure (Pa).

Abstract: A heater-integrated canister unit may include a canister, a temperature controller integrally coupled with the canister to indirectly heat a charcoal inside the canister by increasing a temperature of a space in the canister, and an electronic control unit controlling the current supplied to the temperature controller. The temperature controller may be disposed at the opposite side of the evaporation gas intake port in the canister and support the charcoal or may be coupled to the outside of the canister by a seating slot formed in the canister. The temperature controller may include a heater plate transmitting the current by forming a positive electrode and a negative electrode, a connector supplying the current to the heater plate and a heater generating heat on the heater plate.

Abstract: A breather device A1 for pressure relief includes a breather pipe 121 serving as a fixing part, and an inner pipe 122 serving as a communication part and is provided by the breather pipe 121 with fixation strength enough for securing the breather device A1 to a liquid tank 101. The inner pipe 122 has a vent hole P formed therein for provide fluid-communication between the inside of the liquid tank 101 and the outside thereof in a manner such that an inner surface forming the vent hole P is made of a resin.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a tank ventilation device (1) for a motor vehicle, with at least one storage device (2) for storing hydrocarbon gas, the tank connection (9) of which is connected via a ventilation line (12) to a fuel tank (5) of a vehicle, the engine connection (10) of which is connected via a regeneration line (13) to a fresh gas system (6) of an internal combustion engine (4) of the vehicle, and the environment connection (11) of which communicates via an environment line (15) with the environment (7) of the vehicle. In order to reduce hydrocarbon emissions, at least one conversion device (3) can be provided, which is used for materially converting hydrocarbon gas and is connected directly or indirectly to the fuel tank (5) via a feed line (18) on the input side.

Abstract: The invention provides for a method for operating an SCR catalytic converter for the aftertreatment of exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine, wherein a reducing agent tank (1) with reducing agent and a reducing agent metering device (8) are provided. The reducing agent tank (1) has at least one tank heater (3) having PTC characteristics. A variable characterizing the heater current is acquired for detecting cavities (10) in the reducing agent tank (1) when the reducing agent is frozen. The presence of cavities is suggested from a deviation of the acquired value or values for the variable characterizing the heater current from a predeterminable reference value, which represents a reducing agent tank without cavities.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and computer readable storage media are described in which exhaust gas is routed to a hydrocarbon retaining device during starting, and purged to the engine intake manifold. Various alternative approaches are described for controlling operation and diagnosing degradation. Further, various interrelated configurations are described.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and computer readable storage media are described in which exhaust gas is routed to a hydrocarbon retaining device during starting, and purged to the engine intake manifold. Various alternative approaches are described for controlling operation and diagnosing degradation. Further, various interrelated configurations are described.

Abstract: The invention relates to an emission cleaning system which is disposed on the intake tract of an internal combustion engine and has at least one device for taking in air and also at least one filter unit and a control/regulating device.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for reducing hydrocarbon emissions from an engine having a hydrocarbon retaining system. One example method comprises flowing exhaust gas over a hydrocarbon trap, the trap having a plurality of layers with different porosity and/or a different adsorptive affinity to hydrocarbon chains, and flowing hydrocarbons from a fuel tank over the hydrocarbon trap.

Abstract: An exhaust gas capture system for capturing the exhaust gas emitted by auxiliary engines, auxiliary boilers, and other sources on an Ocean Going Vessel (OGV) while at berth or at anchor so that these gases may be carried to an emissions treatment system for removal of air pollutants and or greenhouse gases. The exhaust gas capture system includes a manifold and a family of parallel-flow flexible ducts for connecting directly to individual OGV exhaust pipes. The exhaust gas capture system further includes apparatus for connecting the parallel-flow flexible ducts to the OGV exhaust pipes.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for operating a particulate matter retaining system having at least a first and a second filter, coupled to an engine intake. One example method comprises, during a first condition, operating in a first mode with the first filter storing particulate matter and the second filter releasing stored particulate matter. The method further comprises, operating in a second mode with the first filter releasing stored particulate matter and the second filter storing particulate matter, the exhaust gas flowing in an opposite direction as compared to the first mode. The method further comprises, operating in a third mode with both the first and the second filter storing particulate matter. During the modes, at least some tailpipe gas is drawn from between the first and second filters for expulsion to the atmosphere.

Abstract: Method and systems are provided for operating an engine having a hydrocarbon retaining system coupled to an engine exhaust and an engine intake. During an engine cold start, routing exhaust gas to the hydrocarbon retaining system to store hydrocarbons in the hydrocarbon retaining system. Then, depending on temperature, the hydrocarbons are purged with varying amounts of exhaust gas and fresh air in order to maintain proper temperature control.

Abstract: In an exhaust purification system of an internal combustion engine comprising an exhaust purification device which receives a bad influence from SOX in the exhaust gas and a S trap device arranged upstream of the exhaust purification device, which can store SOX in the exhaust gas, an amount of SOX passing through the S trap device is integrated as an integrated value, each allowance value of the integrated value for each elapsed period from the start time of the use of the S trap device is set, and when the current integrated value exceeds the corresponding allowance value and between a first set period ago and the current time, fuel has been supplied into the fuel tank and engine oil has not been exchanged, it is determined that fuel with a high concentration of sulfur has been supplied into the fuel tank.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and computer readable storage media are described in which exhaust gas is routed to a hydrocarbon retaining device during starting, and purged to the engine intake manifold. Various alternative approaches are described for controlling operation and diagnosing degradation. Further, various interrelated configurations are described.

Abstract: An apparatus for reducing crankcase emissions generated by an engine is described. The apparatus generally includes a separator that removes particulate matter from the crankcase emissions and a treatment component that removes odor and gases from the crankcase emissions. The apparatus is configured where the treatment component is disposed downstream of the separator, the separator first removes particulate matter from the crankcase emissions and the treatment component then removes odor and certain gases from the crankcase emissions.

Abstract: Cylinders of an internal combustion engine are divided into at least two cylinder groups. First air-fuel ratio sensors are disposed in each exhaust branch pipe connected to the cylinder groups, and a second air-fuel ratio sensor is disposed in a common exhaust pipe upstream from the catalyst. When a vapor amount introduced into an intake passage during purge control is determined, the vapor amount is determined during normal operation using output values from the first air-fuel ratio sensors and the vapor amount value learned during normal operation. During rich-lean operation, the vapor amount is determined using the output value from the second air-fuel ratio sensor and the vapor amount value learned during rich-lean operation. Thereby, the vapor amount introduced into the intake passage when a switch is made from normal to rich-lean operation of the internal combustion engine is accurately determined.

Abstract: An exhaust component arrangement is provided for an off-road vehicle having an engine, a cab, a transmission connected to the engine, and a fuel tank adjacent the transmission. A portion of the fuel tank is positioned below a portion of the cab. The exhaust component arrangement includes a particulate filter unit, a NOx reduction unit, and an oxidation catalyst unit, all connected in series. The fuel tank has a recess formed in an upper surface thereof. A lower portion of one of the units is received in the recess. Preferably, a lower portion of the NOx reduction unit is received in the recess.

Abstract: A technology for purifying an exhaust emission from an engine is provided, in which a misjudgment caused by a time lag between the abnormality detection and an abnormality judgment is avoided, in the case where a plurality of abnormalities is judged on the aqueous solution of a reducing agent or the like. After a first abnormality judgment (Femp=1: the time t2) is made, when a second abnormality is detected as a result that the concentration Dn as a state parameter is directly shifted from a first region A to a second region C (the time t3), the first abnormality judgment is maintained for a predetermined period of time PRD after the second abnormality detection.

Abstract: A system for venting crankcase emissions from an engine is disclosed generally comprising a crankcase emissions conduit that communicates blow-by gases from the crankcase into the exhaust flow of an exhaust conduit, which includes a venturi, via an inlet located upstream of the minimum inner diameter of the venturi in order to pump the crankcase emissions therethrough. In certain embodiments, the gases are then directed to a filter assembly, which may include a particulate filter and may include a catalyst for facilitating redox of harmful substances to create harmless compounds prior to venting them or recirculating them in the system. In certain advantageous embodiments, an auxiliary oxygen supply is provided to facilitate these burning processes.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purification system for a motor vehicle having a reducing agent storage tank, and an associated operating method. In particular, an exhaust gas purification system for a motor vehicle, for which predetermined maintenance intervals is provided. The system includes a reducing agent storage tank for storing a reducing agent intended for exhaust gas purification. A method for operating a motor vehicle having an exhaust gas purification system and a reducing agent storage tank for storing a reducing agent intended for the exhaust gas purification, which comprises predetermined maintenance work after predetermined maintenance intervals is also provided.

Abstract: A system for venting crankcase emissions from an engine is disclosed generally comprising a crankcase emissions conduit that communicates blow-by gases from the crankcase into the exhaust flow of an exhaust conduit, which includes a venturi, via an inlet located upstream of the minimum inner diameter of the venturi in order to pump the crankcase emissions therethrough. In certain embodiments, the gases are then directed to a filter assembly, which may include a particulate filter and may include a catalyst for facilitating redox of harmful substances to create harmless compounds prior to venting them or recirculating them in the system. In certain advantageous embodiments, an auxiliary oxygen supply is provided to facilitate these burning processes.

Abstract: An engine system is disclosed. The engine system has an engine block having at least one combustion chamber and at least partially defining a crankcase. The engine system also has an inlet conduit connecting a compressor of a turbocharger with the at least one combustion chamber. The engine system further has an exhaust conduit connecting a turbine of the turbocharger with the combustion chamber and a ventilation conduit connecting the crankcase with the exhaust conduit. The engine system also has a controller in communication with the turbocharger, the controller being configured to adjust the geometry of the turbocharger to maintain a pressure of the crankcase lower than a pressure of the inlet conduit.

Abstract: An assembly for cleaning blowby gases has an electric heater and a downstream catalyst positioned in series relationship in a blowby conduit leading from an engine's crankcase to the atmosphere. The heater is controlled by a controller to maintain a selected temperature at the inlet to the catalyst as determined by a temperature sensor. The heating of the blowby gases increases the blowby gas temperature to a level where the catalyst is active to oxidize the constituents of the blowby gas stream.

Abstract: Methods, constructions, and systems for treating engine emissions. An engine includes a crankcase, an air intake, a blow-by vent, and an exhaust port; the crankcase emits blow-by gases through the blow-by vent, and the engine produces an exhaust stream through the exhaust port. The blow-by gases are directed through a blow-by filter to produce filtered gases. The filtered gases are directed back into the air intake of the engine; and the exhaust stream is treated with at least one of a catalytic converter, a flow through filter, and a diesel particulate filter. Total particulate matter (PM) emissions of a turbo-charged diesel engine having an engine crankcase and an exhaust tailpipe are reducible. The total emissions includes particulate matter emissions from the engine crankcase added to the particulate matter emissions from the exhaust tailpipe.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having a plurality of combustion cylinders and a fuel delivery system. The plurality of combustion cylinders are configured to receive a mixture of gasoline and air and combust such mixture, where some of the combustion cylinders are configured to operate in a spark ignition mode, with the remaining cylinders being configured to operate in a compression ignition mode. The engine may be configured to operate so that fuel vapor purge is added only to cylinders operating in the spark ignition mode. Alternatively, the engine may be operated in either a first purge mode, in which fuel vapor purge is added only to spark ignition cylinders, or a second purge mode, in which fuel vapor purge is added to spark ignition cylinders and compression ignition cylinders.

Abstract: A method of managing vapors generated from an ammonia-containing reductant delivery system for an engine of a vehicle, comprising of during at least a portion of engine-off conditions, storing ammonia containing vapors generated in the reductant delivery system, and after said storing and during at least a portion of engine operation, purging said stored ammonia into an exhaust of the engine to react in a catalyst in the exhaust flow.

Abstract: A method of operating a reductant delivery and storage system of a vehicle, comprising of storing an ammonia-containing fluid in a first storage device, generating ammonia vapors in the first storage device, storing said generated ammonia vapors in a second storage device, purging said stored vapors from the second storage device to an exhaust of the engine, and relieving pressure or vacuum build-up during at least one of said storing and purging is provided via an atmospheric vent coupled in the reductant delivery and storage system.

Abstract: In an exhaust gas treatment system and a utility vehicle having an exhaust gas treatment system, the exhaust gas treatment system includes a particle reduction unit, a reducing agent tank and a nitrogen oxide reduction unit of a modular design, wherein the reducing agent tank is arranged between the particle reduction unit and the nitrogen oxide reduction unit and extends around a connecting line extending between the particle reduction unit and the nitrogen oxide reduction unit, and in a utility vehicle, the associated exhaust gas treatment system is arranged within a predefined cuboid envelope volume on a support structure which is attached to a frame member of the vehicle.

Abstract: Methods, constructions, and systems for treating engine emissions. An engine includes a crankcase, an air intake, a blow-by vent, and an exhaust port; the crankcase emits blow-by gases through the blow-by vent, and the engine produces an exhaust stream through the exhaust port. The blow-by gases are directed through a blow-by filter to produce filtered gases. The filtered gases are directed back into the air intake of the engine; and the exhaust stream is treated with at least one of a catalytic converter, a flow through filter, and a diesel particulate filter. Total particulate matter (PM) emissions of a turbo-charged diesel engine having an engine crankcase and an exhaust tailpipe are reducible. The total emissions includes particulate matter matter emissions from the engine crankcase added to the particulate matter emissions from the exhaust tailpipe.

Abstract: Methods, constructions, and systems for treating engine emissions. An engine having a crankcase includes air intake, blow-by vent, and exhaust port; the crankcase emits blow-by gases through the blow-by vent and produces an exhaust stream through the exhaust port. The blow-by gases are directed through a blow-by filter to produce filtered gases. The filtered gases are directed back into the air intake of the crankcase; and the exhaust stream is treated with a catalyst arrangement. Total emissions of a turbo-charged diesel engine having an engine crankcase and an exhaust tailpipe are reducible. The total emissions includes particulate matter emissions from the engine crankcase added to the particulate matter emissions from the exhaust tailpipe.

Abstract: An engine blowby injection system including a blowby passage, and a blowby injector with a blowby flow outlet sized to inject the blowby flow into an exhaust gas flow generated by an internal combustion engine. The blowby injector includes a cooling mechanism for cooling the blowby flow outlet to reduce the likelihood of carboning. In one embodiment, the blowby injector includes an adapter, an injector body including an injector nozzle with the blowby flow outlet, and a flow passage that allows cooling air to flow therethrough. A method of injecting blowby flow from an internal combustion engine is also provided.

Abstract: A crankcase ventilation system may include a first exhaust flow path configured to permit flow of main exhaust gases from a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine and a particulate trap disposed in the first exhaust flow path. The system may also include a second exhaust flow path configured to enable flow of crankcase gases from a crankcase of the internal combustion engine and to merge the crankcase gases with the main exhaust gases at a point in the first exhaust flow path located downstream of the particulate trap.

Abstract: A motor vehicle, which has a cryotank for supplying an internal combustion engine, includes an exhaust gas system including an exhaust gas catalyzer, a device for the combustion of boil-off gas from the cryotank, a gas duct, and a nozzle. The nozzle is configured to introduce the boil-off gas in the manner of an ejector pump into the gas duct which draws at least one of environmental air and scavenging air from a fuel supply system. The gas duct discharges near the exhaust gas catalyzer into the exhaust gas system.

Abstract: A canister communicates with an intake manifold of an internal combustion engine through a purge pipe. The canister absorbs fuel vapor evaporated in a fuel tank. The absorbed fuel vapor is purged into the intake manifold when the engine is on. A gas leak check module communicates with the canister for drawing air by an air suction pump 43. When the engine is off, the air suction pump is driven and draws hydrocarbon floating at a vicinity of an intake port through the purge pipe. Thus, the hydrocarbon floating at the vicinity of the intake port is absorbed in the canister so that emission of hydrocarbon is reduced.

Abstract: A method of controlling exhaust emission oxides of nitrogen (NOx) from an internal combustion engine (ICE) includes the steps of determining when an engine speed is below a first predetermined level, and controlling an oxygen displacement valve (ODV) such that at least a portion of exhaust gas generated by the ICE is directed into an intake air flow of the ICE.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing a vaporized reductant to an engine exhaust stream find particular utility in the regeneration of a nitrous oxide absorber in a Diesel engine exhaust treatment system. The method and apparatus are based on fueling the Diesel engine with a mixture of Diesel oil and an alcohol, such as methanol. At least a portion of the alcohol vaporizes in the fuel tank, or is forced to vaporize by passing the fuel mixture through a heat exchanger. The vapor is then stored in a canister for subsequent selective injection of the alcohol into the exhaust stream upstream of the adsorber. The alcohol then thermally decomposes to provide sufficient hydrogen and carbon monoxide to regenerate the adsorber.