Abstract: A two-cylinder reciprocating engine includes a cylinder block; a first cylinder with a combustion chamber; a second cylinder with a combustion chamber; a crankshaft coupled to the first cylinder and the second cylinder with a crank angle of 270 degrees; a first exhaust port connected with the combustion chamber of the first cylinder; a second exhaust port connected with the combustion chamber of the second cylinder; a first header connected with the first exhaust port; a second header connected with the second exhaust port; and an exhaust converging section connected with the first header and the second header, wherein the first header, the second header, and the exhaust converging section are in the cylinder block.

Abstract: There is provided an installation structure for an oil control valve configured to control a hydraulic pressure to a variable valve device, in an engine in which a cylinder head cover is provided on a cylinder head, and the variable valve device that is configured to change an opening and closing timing of a valve by a hydraulic pressure is mounted. The installation structure includes: a first slope that slopes upward and rearward from a front end on an upper surface of the cylinder head cover; and a second slope that slopes downward and rearward from a rear end of the first slope on the upper surface of the cylinder head cover. A radiator is installed in front of the cylinder head cover, and the oil control valve is installed on the second slope.

Abstract: An exhaust gas diverter valve coupled within a pipe comprises a housing having a passage therethrough, a valve member rotatably coupled within the housing the valve member rotates about a valve axis. A first valve seat mat be disposed partially circumferentially within said passage and extending radially inwardly.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for reducing exhaust residuals during light load conditions in a split exhaust engine via a check valve. In one example, a scavenge exhaust manifold may be maintained above a threshold pressure by introducing fresh air into the scavenge manifold during a valve overlap period, the scavenge manifold coupled to a cylinder of an engine and coupled to an intake passage of the engine.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine has a cylinder head having an integrated exhaust manifold having exhaust ducts connected to a secondary air system's distributor block via its supply ducts for supplying ambient air through an inlet as secondary air into the exhaust manifold. Each supply duct having a valve assembly having a closure flap pivotable about a pivot axis at a distance from its the center of mass. The closure flap closing due to the influence of gravity when there is no pressure difference between the exhaust manifold and the secondary air system and opening automatically due to a relative overpressure in the gas pressure on the side of the secondary air system in relation to the gas pressure on the side of the exhaust manifold.

Abstract: An one way valve comprising: a conical shaped valve seat (1); and a membrane (2) having a hole (3) that is located around the conical valve seat (1), such that a surface (60) of the valve seat (1) seals onto an inner periphery (61) of the hole in the membrane (2), wherein, in use, the membrane (2) is deflected from the surface (60) of the valve seat (1) to provide a fluid path across the membrane (2) and allowing fluid to flow from one side of the membrane (2) to the other.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purification device for a general-purpose engine includes a crankcase and a cylinder block provided continuously on an upper portion of the crankcase and inclined to one lateral side of the crankcase. A catalytic converter is provided in an exhaust muffler of the engine. A downstream end of a secondary air introduction pipe is connected to an exhaust pipe upstream of the muffler. A dedicated air filter is connected through a one-way valve to an upstream side of the secondary air introduction pipe. The filter is disposed between the crankcase and a lower surface of the cylinder block. The secondary air introduction pipe is arranged so as to meander on one side of the cylinder block. Accordingly, the device can be employed without increasing an outer size of the engine, and can also securely introduce secondary air into an exhaust system, thereby enhancing an exhaust gas purifying effect.

Abstract: There is provided a valve membrane including: a thin film member; a first opening and closing member formed by a first cutting line to cut one part of the thin film member and opened by a fluid moving in a first direction; and a second opening and closing member formed by a second cutting line to cut the other part of the thin film member and opened by a fluid moving in a second direction.

Abstract: A structure of a dual exhaust system for a cylinder deactivation (CDA) engine, may include two inlet pipes, two outlet pipes, each of which protrudes and extends from an inside of a corresponding main muffler to an outside of the corresponding main muffler, wherein each of the two outlet pipes releases the exhaust gas passing through the corresponding main muffler to an outside of the vehicle therethrough, a connecting pipe disposed in a vehicle width direction and connecting between the two main mufflers, and a valve mounted on one outlet pipe of the two outlet pipes to open and close the one outlet pipe, wherein when the valve may be closed, the exhaust gas passing through one of the main mufflers may be introduced into the other main muffler of the two outlet pipes through the connecting pipe and then may be emitted to the outside of the vehicle.

Abstract: A diesel dosing module utilizes a diesel fuel shut-off valve, a diesel fuel dosing valve to provide dosing fuel to the inlet of a diesel oxidation catalyst and an air purge valve to purge fuel from a dosing line attached to the diesel dosing module and from a nozzle attached to a distal end of the dosing line. The valves are attached to a housing manifold which is remotely positionable from the nozzle and the high heat areas of the vehicle.

Abstract: A method and device for controlling emissions of VOC's comprises transporting VOC's to an engine and transporting the exhaust from the engine into a manifold. Supplemental air is transporting into the manifold and heat is transferred from the exhaust to the supplemental air within the manifold. The supplemental air is mixed with the exhaust and the mixture is transferred to a pollution abatement device.

Abstract: A reed valve is adapted to be fixed to a fixing member. The reed valve includes a valve plate and a resiliently deformable reed. The valve plate is fixed to the fixing member and includes a frame part and a supporting column. The frame part has an opening inward of the frame part. The opening passes through the frame part in a thickness direction of the valve plate. The supporting column is disposed across an inside of the opening. The reed is configured to open or close the opening. The frame part includes a frame seating surface with which the reed is engaged. The supporting column includes a column seating surface with which the reed is engaged. The column seating surface is recessed relative to the frame seating surface in the thickness direction.

Abstract: A variety of embodiments of exhaust systems for engines including small off-road engines, and related methods of operation, are disclosed. In at least some embodiments, the exhaust system includes a first conduit that receives exhaust emissions from a first engine cylinder, and a second conduit that communicates air to a first port on the first conduit. The air mixes with the exhaust emissions within the first conduit so as to produce a chemical reaction, and a level of at least one undesirable component of the exhaust emissions is reduced. Further, the exhaust system does not include any catalytic converter. In some embodiments, the exhaust system further comprises a crankcase ventilation system.

Abstract: A variety of embodiments of exhaust systems for engines including small off-road engines, and related methods of operation, are disclosed. In at least some embodiments, the exhaust system includes a first conduit that receives exhaust emissions from a first engine cylinder, and a second conduit that communicates air to a first port on the first conduit. The air mixes with the exhaust emissions within the first conduit so as to produce a chemical reaction, and a level of at least one undesirable component of the exhaust emissions is reduced. Further, the exhaust system does not include any catalytic converter. In some embodiments, the exhaust system further comprises a crankcase ventilation system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a metering module (15) for a liquid reducing agent, in particular a urea-water solution, for mixing the reducing agent with a gas, in particular air, for further introduction into an exhaust pipe (5) of an internal combustion engine (1). The metering module (15) comprises a metering valve (31) having a conduit (33), a compressed air duct (49) and a mixing chamber (35). An outlet opening of the conduit (33) for the reducing agent is arranged in the mixing chamber (35) at a distance from the mid-axis of the metering module (36).

Abstract: A secondary air system comprising a variable speed air pump and a gated check valve connected between the variable speed air pump and an IC engine. The gated check valve has two ports, and generally, a first of the two ports is connected to a first bank of engine cylinders, and a second of the two ports is connected to a second bank of engine cylinders. The system further comprises a controller for controlling the speed of the variable speed air pump, and the positioning of the gated check valve. The gated check valve is operable to fully close air flow to both ports, fully open air flow to one of the two ports, or variably split air flow between the two ports.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for expediting catalyst heating and generating vacuum by controlling an EBV to direct exhaust through an ejector arranged in parallel with the EBV. A position of the EBV may be controlled to achieve a desired exhaust backpressure for current engine operating conditions and stored vacuum level. Compensation for the effect of EBV position on engine airflow may be provided by adjustment of other parameters such as intake throttle position and spark timing.

Abstract: Methods and systems for controlling operation of exhaust of an engine including a particulate filter are described. One example method includes generating compressed air during engine operation, and storing the compressed air. The method further includes, during or after engine shutdown, pushing the compressed air through the particulate filter using a pressure of the compressed air.

Abstract: A system for purging a device for injecting fuel into an exhaust system of an engine comprising a device having an input and an output coupled to an exhaust system, at least one air valve and at least one fuel valve. The air valve has an input an input coupled to an air supply and an output coupled to the device through a check valve. The fuel valve has an input coupled to a fuel supply and an output coupled to the device through a check valve. When the air valve is open and the fuel valve is closed, air flows from the air supply to the device and is injected into the exhaust system of the engine. When the air valve is closed and the fuel valve is open, fuel flows from the fuel supply to the device and is injected into the exhaust system of the engine.

Abstract: An SCR-injection unit includes an injector, a sleeve element for fixing the injector to a flange of an exhaust gas pipe, and a cooling body. According to the invention, the sleeve element has an elongated thin-walled connecting section, one axial end of which is indirectly connected to the flange of the exhaust gas pipe and the other axial end of which is indirectly connected to a supporting structure for the injector.

Abstract: An auxiliary filter arrangement for an exhaust aftertreatment system, such as a diesel particulate filter (DPF) system. The DPF communicates with an exhaust line to receive a flow of exhaust gases therethrough. An auxiliary filter is positioned in an auxiliary line or tube that connects an air supply, a pressure sensor, and/or any other aftertreatment system component to the exhaust line. The auxiliary filter can be a wire mesh filter operable to trap particulate or soot, thereby preventing the soot from traveling further up the auxiliary line toward the components of the air supply system, the pressure sensor, and/or the components of any other aftertreatment system communicating with the exhaust line through the auxiliary line.

Abstract: A mechanical vacuum pump for an engine includes a flange configured for attachment to a cylinder head of the engine. The flange defines a bore, which is configured for interconnecting an injection air inlet in the cylinder head with an injection air outlet of a secondary air injection valve. The secondary air injection valve is directly mounted to the mechanical vacuum pump, thereby indirectly mounting the secondary air injection valve to the cylinder head of the engine, with the bore communicating fresh air from the secondary air injection valve to the cylinder head.

Abstract: A warming-up system performing a catalytic converter warming-up method has an electric motor (1m) enabling a turbocharger (1) to increase the amount of air supplied to an internal combustion engine (2) regardless of the amount of exhaust gas flowing through a turbine (1t) of the turbocharger (1), a variable nozzle (1n) regulating the flow of exhaust gas through the turbine (1t), and an ECU (5) for controlling the operation of the electric motor (1m) and the variable nozzle (1n) and the amount of fuel supplied to the internal combustion engine (2). After the internal combustion engine (2) is started, the ECU (5) warms up the catalytic converter (4) by driving the electrical motor (1m) to forcibly rotate the turbine (1t), opening the variable nozzle (1n), and increasing fuel supply to the internal combustion engine (2).

Abstract: A four-stroke engine (1) structured to introduce fresh air and EGR gas into a cylinder (1a) includes a blowdown supercharging system (40) using a combustion chamber internal pressure when exhaust valves open in an expansion stroke of a first cylinder (hereinafter denoted as an exhaust blowdown pressure) for introducing EGR gas into a second cylinder from near a bottom dead center of an intake stroke to near a bottom dead center of a compression stroke of the second cylinder which is different from the first cylinder in combustion timing, and a secondary air supply system (20) supplying secondary air to an exhaust port (1e) of the second cylinder prior to arrival of the exhaust blowdown pressure at the second cylinder. The secondary air in the exhaust port and the EGR gas are supercharged into the second cylinder by the exhaust blowdown pressure from the first cylinder.

Abstract: Systems and methods for controlling regeneration of a particulate filter positioned downstream of an engine in a vehicle are provided herein. One exemplary method includes, during combusting engine conditions, directing exhaust from the engine to a three-way catalyst and then to the particulate filter, and during non-combusting engine conditions and while the vehicle is in motion, directing fresh ram-air to between the particulate filter and the catalyst to regenerate the particulate filter. Thus, vehicle motion may be used to introduce the ram-air.

Abstract: Systems and methods for controlling regeneration of a particulate filter downstream of an engine having a plurality of cylinders are provided. One exemplary method includes, during first conditions, spinning down the engine to non-combusting engine rest, and regenerating the particulate filter at least during engine rest. The method also includes, during second conditions, regenerating the particulate filter during combustion of at least one cylinder of the engine. By regenerating the particulate filter during engine shutdown and/or engine rest in some conditions, it is possible to reduce engine running regeneration, which can thereby lead to reduced engine running emissions.

Abstract: A variety of embodiments of exhaust systems for engines including small off-road engines, and related methods of operation, are disclosed. In at least some embodiments, the exhaust system includes a first conduit that receives exhaust emissions from a first engine cylinder, and a second conduit that communicates air to a first port on the first conduit. The air mixes with the exhaust emissions within the first conduit so as to produce a chemical reaction, and a level of at least one undesirable component of the exhaust emissions is reduced. Further, the exhaust system does not include any catalytic converter. In some embodiments, the exhaust system further comprises a crankcase ventilation system.

Abstract: Systems and methods for controlling regeneration of a particulate filter downstream of an engine in a vehicle are provided herein. One exemplary method includes, during first engine shutdown conditions, increasing excess oxygen to the particulate filter, and regenerating the particulate filter at least during a portion of engine shutdown. The method further includes during second engine shutdown conditions, decreasing the excess oxygen to the particulate filter at least during a portion of engine shutdown.

Abstract: Systems and methods for controlling regeneration of a particulate filter downstream of an engine coupled to an energy conversion device are provided herein. One exemplary method includes, during first engine shutdown conditions, increasing excess oxygen to the particulate filter by spinning the engine with the energy conversion device, and regenerating the particulate filter. The method also includes, during second engine shutdown conditions, decreasing the excess oxygen to the particulate filter.

Abstract: Systems and methods for controlling regeneration of a particulate filter downstream of an engine in a vehicle are provided herein. One exemplary method includes, during an engine shutdown, increasing a throttle opening and regenerating a particulate filter downstream of a three-way catalyst. The method also includes, during an engine start following an engine shutdown, setting one or more engine parameters based on whether the particulate filter was regenerated during a last engine shutdown before the engine start.

Abstract: The present invention provides a mixing device (1) for mixing urea with a gas, said urea being preferably dissolved in a fluid preferably water and said gas being preferably air. The mixing device comprises preferably a urea inlet (10) and a gas inlet (12) for feeding respectively urea and the gas into a mixing chamber (20) of the mixing device (4), and an outlet (14) for outlet of the mix of urea and gas from the mixing chamber (20), these inlets (10,12) and outlet (14) may preferably have a stream wise extension and runs preferably into the mixing chamber (20) and the outlet (14) originates preferably from the mixing chamber (20). Preferably, at least the gas inlet (12) for feeding air into the mixing chamber is designed so that depositing of urea crystals on selected surfaces of the said inlet is substantially (typically in the sense that deposited crystals does not clog the inlet) or totally avoided.

Abstract: Methods and systems for controlling operation of exhaust of an engine including a particulate filter are described. One example method includes generating compressed air during engine operation, and storing the compressed air. The method further includes, during or after engine shutdown, pushing the compressed air through the particulate filter using a pressure of the compressed air.

Abstract: An exhaust system for an internal combustion engine includes an air injection port in a designated region of an exhaust conduit having a converging-then-diverging nozzle providing increased exhaust gas flow velocity and decreased exhaust gas pressure. In another embodiment, an injection air conduit is connected between an alternator blower and the engine exhaust conduit to supply injection air to the latter.

Abstract: An exhaust system for an engine is disclosed. The exhaust system may have a NOx reducer located to receive exhaust from the engine, and a bypass circuit configured to selectively pass supercharged air to the NOx reducer. The exhaust system may also have a valve disposed within the bypass circuit to regulate the flow of supercharged air, and a controller in communication with the valve. The controller may be configured to move the valve to pass the supercharged air and cool the exhaust received by the NOx reducer. The controller may also be configured to move the valve to reduce the passing of the supercharged air and remove sulfur compounds from the NOx reducer.

Abstract: An engine arrangement includes an engine, an exhaust line downstream of the engine, an aftertreatment device in the exhaust line, and a conduit between a source of fluid and a point in the exhaust line upstream of the aftertreatment device. A method is also disclosed.

Abstract: In an exhaust emission control system for an internal combustion engine, an exhaust gas recirculation device that operates so as to partially open an exhaust valve to introduce exhaust gas into a cylinder in an intake stroke is provided; a secondary air passage capable of supplying secondary air to an exhaust passage is connected to the exhaust passage; and a one-way valve opened by negative pressure applied from the cylinder to the exhaust passage following an operation of the exhaust gas recirculation device in the intake stroke is provided in the secondary air passage. Accordingly, it is possible to provide an exhaust emission control system for an internal combustion engine that allows secondary air to be supplied into an exhaust passage to reduce HC and CO concentrations and also a NOx concentration in an exhaust gas without using an air pump regardless of an exhaust system structure of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: An exhaust treatment device for a combustion system is disclosed. The exhaust treatment device may have a housing, and an injector disposed within the housing to deliver an injection fluid into a flow of exhaust. The exhaust treatment device may also have at least one fluid supply passage that is disposed within the housing and being in fluid communication with the injector to supply the injector with injection fluid. The exhaust treatment device may further have at least one purge passage disposed within the housing and in fluid communication with the injector to supply the injector with a purge fluid. The exhaust treatment device may additionally have a first valve element that is mounted to the housing and disposed at an entrance of the at least one purge passage The first valve element may be configured to provide a unidirectional flow of purge fluid to the at least one purge passage.

Abstract: A method of managing vapors generated from an ammonia-containing reductant delivery system for a vehicle is described. The method may include storing ammonia containing vapors generated in the reductant delivery system during engine-off and then purging said stored ammonia into an exhaust of the engine to react in a catalyst in the exhaust flow during engine operation.

Abstract: This invention is to provide a tappet clearance adjusting cover coupled with a secondary air valve. The tappet clearance adjusting cover is disposed on a cylinder head of an engine. The secondary air valve includes a recessed element and a cap which jointly form a receiving space receiving therein a one-way valve. The recessed element is provided with an inlet pipe interposed between the cap and the tappet clearance adjusting cover. By disposing the secondary air valve on the tappet clearance adjusting cover and arranging the inlet pipe between the cap and the tappet clearance adjusting cover, with the one-way valve received in the receiving space of the secondary air valve, heat dissipation can be improved while the one-way valve is protected against premature deterioration and carbon deposition caused by a high-temperature exhaust gas from the cylinder head. Thus, reliability as well as a service life of the one-way valve is effectively increased.

Abstract: An exhaust system for a vehicle having a diesel engine and a method of operation are disclosed. The exhaust system may include a diesel particulate filter, a pipe located downstream of the diesel particulate filter and an exhaust gas cooling assembly. The exhaust gas cooling assembly may have an air pump and a connecting pipe connected to the pipe and configured to direct air from the air pump into the pipe. During particulate filter regeneration, the air pump may be activated to push air into the exhaust in order to reduce the temperature of exhaust gasses exiting the vehicle.

Abstract: There is provided an exhaust purifying system for an internal combustion engine which can achieve a function of a catalyst without deteriorating a function of ozone at the time of oxidizing and removing PM by using the ozone. The exhaust purifying system for the internal combustion engine comprises a wall-flow type particulate filter (30) for collecting particulate matter in an exhaust gas inside an exhaust passage, wherein the catalyst (38) is supported only in a part of a partition wall (37) of the particulate filter defining a passage (36) on the downstream side of the partition wall (37). In consequence, when ozone is supplied, since the ozone is introduced on the upstream side of the partition wall (37) in which the PM is collected, the ozone does not contact the catalyst supported only in the part of the partition wall defining the passage (36) on the downstream side of the partition wall. Therefore, it is prevented that the ozone is decomposed, and a PM oxidation function is achieved.

Abstract: A silencer for a motorcycle with relaxed layout restrictions has a drum portion connected to a head. A conduit extends through the drum portion in a direction of connection. The drum portion decreases in cross sectional area toward a downstream side. A catalyst holding portion formed in the head has a catalyst fixed member to which a catalyst inserted member is fixed at a position upstream of the drum portion. A catalyst is inserted into the catalyst inserted member.

Abstract: The present invention is a turbocharger (18) and control system based strategy to control exhaust gas filters (30) for aftertreatment regeneration. The air handling system (10) uses the variable turbine geometry (VTG) of the turbine (20) and a compressor (22) flow control bleed valve (24) to drive pressurized intake air into the exhaust. The oxygen rich exhaust gas can then be mixed with fuel and combusted. Increasing the temperature of the exhaust gas will combust the excess exhaust gas emissions and reduce the pressure drop across the filter (30). This system (10) can be used under any operating conditions so as to be available to combust the excess exhaust gas emissions when needed.

Abstract: A method is provided for compensating for factors affecting particulate matter accumulation within an aftertreatment element of an engine exhaust system. The method comprises determining rate of change of flow resistance through the aftertreatment element with time. Regeneration is periodically initiated to reduce particulate matter accumulation within the aftertreatment element. Rate of change of flow resistance through the aftertreatment element over time is correlated with at least a model of particulate matter accumulation within the aftertreatment element and a model of regeneration frequency of the aftertreatment element, based on predetermined values for particulate matter accumulation and regeneration frequency. Action, at least including increasing regeneration frequency, is initiated to compensate for an increased rate of particulate matter accumulation in the aftertreatment element.

Abstract: An exhaust purifying system for an internal combustion engine is provided with a plurality of DPFs (30a and 30b) branched and connected to an exhaust passage (15) for collecting particulate matter in an exhaust gas and an ozone supplier for supplying ozone to the upstream side of each of the plurality of DPFs (30a and 30b). The system respectively changes a ratio of a supply amount of the exhaust gas and a ratio of a supply amount of the ozone between the plurality of DPFs (30a and 30b).

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for controlling the reducing agent in an exhaust gas aftertreatment system of an internal combustion engine with an exhaust gas duct in which an SCR catalyst is provided in the direction of flow of the exhaust gas. A reducing agent-generating system (RGS) comprising an NOx and CO/H2 production unit as well as a combined NOx storage/ammonia production unit in the standard gas path of the reducing agent-generating system. Ammonia is delivered upstream from the SCR catalyst to reduce nitrogen oxides, starting materials for producing the ammonia being fed at least in part to the NOx and CO/H2 production unit via a fuel inlet and an air inlet. An AGC matrix of the combined NOx storage/ammonia production unit is cooled at least intermittently by means of an inner and/or outer cooling device.

Abstract: The present invention provides an engine including a secondary air supply apparatus for supplying a secondary air to an exhaust gas passage in a cylinder head. The engine comprises a secondary air passage of the secondary air supply apparatus which extends from an outer peripheral surface of the cylinder head through an under-portion of the exhaust gas passage into the exhaust gas passage. The secondary air passage has a groove geometry of passage portion on a matching surface between the cylinder head and a cylinder body.

Abstract: A secondary air supply system includes a supply passage, a valve, and a detecting unit. Secondary air is supplied to the upstream of a purification apparatus in an exhaust passage of an engine through the supply passage. The valve communicates and blocks the supply passage to be in open and close conditions. The detecting unit detects a detection object of secondary air in the upstream of the valve in the supply passage. A diagnosis apparatus for the secondary air supply system includes a diagnosis unit that obtains a detection result of the detecting unit in each of the open and close conditions of the valve for evaluating an abnormity of the secondary air supply system in accordance with the detection result. The diagnosis apparatus includes a reliability maintaining unit that determines the diagnosis operation of the diagnosis unit to be valid when the detecting operations in the open and close conditions are continuously performed.

Abstract: When a fuel as a reducing agent is supplied to a NOx catalyst on which a NOx or a SOx is reduced, a flow rate of exhaust gas that flows through an exhaust passage is changed, and the fuel is supplied to the exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust passage at a plurality of timings (?T1, ?T2) when the exhaust gas flows at different flow rates.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine system has an internal combustion engine with an intake for air and an exhaust for products of combustion. The engine has a turbocharger for pressurizing intake air in response to passage of the products of combustion. An exhaust aftertreatment device receives the exhaust from the engine to filter diesel particulates. A device for regenerating the exhaust aftertreatment device has a feed line and nozzle for injecting duel upstream of the exhaust aftertreatment device on a periodic basis. A system and method for purging the fuel line and the nozzle utilizes pressurized air from the engine turbocharger via an air tank when the regenerating device is not injecting fuel.