Abstract: An exhaust system of an internal combustion engine, in particular of a vehicle, has an insert through which exhaust gas flows, for purifying the exhaust gas, and a mixing chamber through which exhaust gas flows and which is arranged upstream of the insert through which exhaust gas flows. The mixing chamber includes at least one permeable wall and is arranged on a channel wall of the exhaust system and protrudes radially into the interior of the exhaust system. The exhaust system further has a vaporizer device that vaporizes an oxidizable liquid and introduces the vapor into the mixing chamber, and an ignition device that protrudes at least partly into the mixing chamber. The vaporizer device includes a glow element which is configured and heatable in such a way that an auto-ignition of the oxidizable vapor occurs on its surface.

Abstract: An exhaust gas cooling apparatus and method for cooling an exhaust gas is provided. The exhaust cooling apparatus having a first fluid conduit having a variable nozzle opening disposed at one end of the first fluid conduit, the variable nozzle opening being defined by a shape memory alloy extending from the first fluid conduit; and a second fluid conduit having an inlet end and an outlet end, the variable nozzle opening being disposed in the second fluid conduit proximate to the inlet end of the second fluid conduit such that a fluid inlet opening is disposed about an outer periphery of the variable nozzle opening and an inner surface of the inlet end of the second fluid conduit, the shape memory alloy varying the size of the variable nozzle opening by moving toward or away from a center line of the first fluid conduit in response to a temperature of an exhaust gas flowing through the first fluid conduit.

Abstract: According to one representative embodiment, an aspirator for cooling exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine includes a nozzle section, an expansion section, and an air entrainment section. The nozzle section is communicable in exhaust receiving communication with the internal combustion engine. The nozzle section includes a plurality of nozzles through which an exhaust gas stream is flowable. The expansion section is communicable in exhaust receiving communication with the plurality of nozzles. The air entrainment section is communicable in air supplying communication with the expansion section. The air is mixable with the exhaust gas within the expansion section.

Abstract: A system for manipulating engine exhaust gases away from inhabited areas comprises an air pressurization system coupled in fluid communication to a housing. The housing is adapted to reside adjacent a terminal portion of an exhaust pipe so that pressurized air injected into the housing entrains the exhaust gases and disperses them from the housing.

Abstract: A tailpipe for use with a vehicle moveable in a forward direction upon a support surface and adapted to be oriented substantially perpendicular to the support surface. The tailpipe includes a windward surface facing in the forward direction and a leeward surface facing opposite the forward direction. The tailpipe also includes a tubular body defining a main exhaust gas flow passageway adapted to direct an exhaust gas flow from a proximal end to a distal end of the tubular body and a plurality of exhaust ports. The exhaust ports are disposed between the proximal end and the distal end of the tubular body and pass through the leeward surface for permitting at least a portion of the exhaust gas flow, when present in the tubular body, to exit the tubular body through the plurality of exhaust ports.

Abstract: A porous member is disposed within the exhaust stream of a marine engine at a location where its temperature approximates the temperature of the exhaust stream through normal use of the engine. Exhaust gas flows freely through the non-catalytic porous member, but water passing in a reverse direction through the exhaust system is vaporized as it attempts to flow through the non-catalytic porous member.

Abstract: A device for cooling a gas is provided. The device comprises an inlet having a first diameter, a mixing section downstream of the inlet and having a second diameter, and an opening in fluid communication with the mixing section and a source of air. The device is such that the second diameter is smaller than the first diameter and a vacuum is created for drawing in the air from the opening as gas passes from the inlet to the mixing section so that the air drawn into the mixing section mixes with the gas. A method for mixing two gases and an exhaust system are also provided.

Abstract: A secondary air supply device that increases a supply amount of secondary air is provided in a straddle-type vehicle and includes a plurality of secondary air supply pipes respectively communicated with an exhaust passage of an engine and reed valves. The plurality of reed valves are arranged to be spaced apart in the vehicle width direction so as to increase the supply amount of secondary air.

Abstract: An exhaust diluting and diffusing apparatus includes a pipe mountable on a exhaust stack pipe, and having a flared skirt inlet to define an annular inlet, a mixing section adjacent the inlet, and an exhaust section formed as a pipe section with a multiplicity of holes. The apparatus pipe has a diameter greater than the diameter of the exhaust stack on which it is mounted.

Abstract: An exhaust treatment system and method for removing particulates and/or gases from exhaust gases and for cooling exhaust gases. The exhaust treatment system may include a venturi nozzle for injecting a mixture of water and air into the exhaust gases to cause particulate matter and/or certain gases present in the exhaust gases to adhere to water droplets in the mixture. The exhaust treatment system may further include a receptacle positioned in proximity to the exhaust outlet and adapted for collecting water and particulate matter exiting the exhaust outlet, a filter adapted to receive water from the receptacle and remove particulate matter from the water, and/or a heat transfer device adapted to receive water from the filter and remove heat from the water.

Abstract: A passive secondary air delivery system for a two bed catalyst is provided. The system delivers passive secondary air to the second catalyst bed to facilitate oxidation of CO and remaining unburned HC. In a turbocharged engine, the secondary air may be provided from the compressor side of the turbocharger. Control of the amount of air bled from the turbocharger is provided by an orifice in the pipe connecting the turbocharger to the catalyst bed. No active controls are required. In non-turbocharged engines, passive secondary air may be provided by a venturi mixer ported to ambient positioned between the two catalyst beds. In either embodiment, no moving parts or active controls are required.

Abstract: A fluid entrainment apparatus is provided which operates to mix a first fluid stream with a second fluid stream. The apparatus includes first and second fluid flow conduits. The first fluid flow conduit includes a nozzle portion having a converging bore through which the first fluid is accelerated. Additionally, the second fluid flow conduit includes a nozzle portion having a converging bore, a duct portion having a generally cylindrical bore, and a diffuser portion having a diverging bore. The nozzle portion of the second fluid flow conduit is mounted with respect to the nozzle portion of the first fluid flow conduit such that an annular port is formed through which the second fluid passes to mix with the first fluid. Additional fluid mixing occurs in the duct portion and the diffuser portion. The fluid entrainment apparatus may be configured for use within a vehicle exhaust system.

Abstract: In an exhaust emission control system for an internal combustion engine, an exhaust gas recirculation device that operates so as to partially open an exhaust valve to introduce exhaust gas into a cylinder in an intake stroke is provided; a secondary air passage capable of supplying secondary air to an exhaust passage is connected to the exhaust passage; and a one-way valve opened by negative pressure applied from the cylinder to the exhaust passage following an operation of the exhaust gas recirculation device in the intake stroke is provided in the secondary air passage. Accordingly, it is possible to provide an exhaust emission control system for an internal combustion engine that allows secondary air to be supplied into an exhaust passage to reduce HC and CO concentrations and also a NOx concentration in an exhaust gas without using an air pump regardless of an exhaust system structure of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: An exhaust cooling device (10) is provided for an exhaust pipe (12) of a combustion process. The cooling device (10) includes a tubular housing (20) having an upstream portion (16) and a downstream portion (18), with the upstream portion (16) having a necked-down section (24) tapered in an upstream direction, and a plurality of openings (30) formed in the necked-down section (24) to allow an ambient air flow from an exterior of the tubular housing (20) to an interior of the tubular housing (20). The cooling device (10) further includes a nozzle element (22) fixed in the necked-down section (24) to direct an exhaust gas flow into the tubular housing (20).

Abstract: An exhaust mixer (16) is provided for use in an engine exhaust system (10) downstream from an additive injector (14). The mixer (16) includes a first wall structure (20), and a second wall structure (22) carrying a set of mixer vanes (30), the second wall structure (22) being cone shaped and extending radially outwardly from the first wall structure (20).

Abstract: A vehicle can include an engine, an air cleaner for supplying air taken in by the engine, an exhaust passage for exhausting exhaust gas of the engine, and a secondary air passage for connecting the air cleaner to the exhaust passage and for supplying secondary air to the exhaust passage. A one-way valve can be disposed in the secondary air passage. A resonator portion can be interposed between the air cleaner and the one-way valve. The resonator portion can branch from the secondary air passage and can include a closed space. A water drain portion can be disposed in the closed space of the resonator portion.

Abstract: A method for checking an exhaust-gas section of a combustion engine for a leak, including the following: introducing secondary air into the exhaust-gas section of the combustion engine via a secondary-air valve, determining a measured value that indicates the magnitude of the relative pressure changes due to the expelling of exhaust gas from the combustion engine upstream from the secondary-air valve, and detecting the leak in the exhaust-gas section as a function of the measured value.

Abstract: An exhaust redirect line in communication with an engine exhaust channel of a marine vehicle receiving exhaust gas. A blower unit in the exhaust redirect line directing the exhaust gas through the exhaust redirect line. A mixing chamber in communication with the exhaust redirect line receiving the engine exhaust gas. An injector unit in communication with the mixing chamber introducing a chemical agent, air and water into the mixing chamber to provide a treated exhaust gas. An output vane disposed on an exterior underside of a hull being in communication with the mixing chamber discharging the treated exhaust gas underneath the hull as a foam, whereby the engine exhaust gas is encapsulated and detoxified by the chemical agent in the foam to prevent the exhaust gas from entering the surrounding water and wherein the foam reduces friction between the hull and the surrounding water to improve engine efficiency.

Abstract: The present invention is a turbocharger (18) and control system based strategy to control exhaust gas filters (30) for aftertreatment regeneration. The air handling system (10) uses the variable turbine geometry (VTG) of the turbine (20) and a compressor (22) flow control bleed valve (24) to drive pressurized intake air into the exhaust. The oxygen rich exhaust gas can then be mixed with fuel and combusted. Increasing the temperature of the exhaust gas will combust the excess exhaust gas emissions and reduce the pressure drop across the filter (30). This system (10) can be used under any operating conditions so as to be available to combust the excess exhaust gas emissions when needed.

Abstract: A device is provided for injection of a liquid agent, such as fuel or reducing agent, into the exhaust line from a combustion engine. The device (1) has a nozzle arrangement (20) having a nozzle head (21), from which the liquid agent is injectable into the exhaust line. The nozzle arrangement (20) has a first conduit (22) leading to the nozzle head (21) for supply of compressed gas, preferably in the form of compressed air, to the nozzle head, and a second conduit (23) leading to the nozzle head (21) for supply of the liquid agent to the nozzle head. The nozzle head (21) is provided with at least one outlet opening (24) connected to the first conduit (22) and to the second conduit (23), through which outlet opening the liquid agent is injectable into the exhaust line under atomization thereof after mixing with compressed gas in a mixing zone (25) inside the nozzle head.

Abstract: A motor vehicle exhaust system has at least a first housing for a pollution control element, a nozzle in the housing and a ventilation path into the housing through which outside air is drawn into the exhaust system for mixing with an exhaust flow following the nozzle.

Abstract: In a metering apparatus for the metered introduction of a first medium into an exhaust gas system of an internal combustion engine, which includes a conditioning apparatus in which also a second medium is introduced via a dispensing apparatus which is connected to the conditioning apparatus and via which the first medium and the second medium are introduced into the exhaust gas system, a supply unit for supplying a third medium, which is different from the second medium in its physical properties and/or its chemical composition, is connected to the conditioning apparatus for cleaning of the conditioning apparatus and the dispensing apparatus from constituent parts of the first medium by the third medium or a mixture of the second and the third medium.

Abstract: A cooling system for cooling exhaust gases includes a section of pipe adapted to receive exhaust gases having a first temperature. The cooling system further includes an air amplifier with a passage extending therethrough. The air amplifier receives a flow of compressed air and directs the flow of the compressed air through the passageway. The compressed air entrains ambient air into one end of the passageway so that discharge air, which includes compressed air and ambient air, is discharged from the other end of the passageway. A conduit is connected to the air amplifier and extends through a wall of the section of pipe. Discharge air from the air amplifier passes through the conduit into the interior portion of the pipe and mixes with the exhaust gases. The mixture of discharge air and exhaust gases has a second temperature that is less than the first temperature.

Abstract: The invention relates to a urea supply system for a waste gas cleaning catalyst of an internal combustion engine, comprising a urea tank for the receiving of urea solution, a connecting line that connects the urea tank with a waste gas cleaning catalyst, a pump in order to pump urea solution via the connecting line from the urea tank to the catalyst, and a heating insert for the defrosting of frozen urea solution. According to the invention it is provided that the return line is configured and arranged in such a manner that, during operation, because of the urea solution discharged from the return line there is prevented the forming of an air gap between the heating insert and the frozen urea solution. The invention relates also to a heating insert for such a urea supply system.

Abstract: A metering pump assembly for admixing a fluid reduction agent from a supply container and a pressurized air flow into an exhaust gas flow of a combustion engine includes an assembly housing and a pre-mixer at least partially within the housing. A membrane pump within the housing is fluidly connected between the supply container and the pre-mixer. An electric motor generates a rotational output. A transmission converts the rotational output of the electric motor into translatory movement. The translatory movement drives the membrane pump to pump the reduction agent from the supply container into the pre-mixer. The pressurized air flow is in fluid communication with the pre-mixer and mixes with the reduction agent within the pre-mixer to form a reduction agent air mixture. An exit conduit fluidly connects the pre-mixer to the exhaust gas flow. The reduction air mixture is delivered through the exit conduit and into the exhaust gas flow.

Abstract: A secondary air supply device for an internal combustion engine includes an air pump that can be actuated while the internal combustion engine is stopped. An air passage connects the air pump and an exhaust passage of the internal combustion engine and an air supply control section controls the air pump so as to switch the air pump from a stopped state to an actuation state a predetermined time after the internal combustion engine is stopped. The secondary air supply device utilizes an air supply system including the air pump and the air passage to supply air to the exhaust passage.

Abstract: The exhaust gas purification device has a first chamber having an exhaust pipe inlet, an ambient air inlet, and an exhaust gas outlet. A Venturi is arranged within the chamber, having an inlet end communicating with an ambient air inlet, a throat, and an outlet end communicating with an exhaust gas outlet. The Venturi has an exhaust gas inlet between its inlet end and its outlet end, receiving exhaust gas from within the chamber, directed generally towards the outlet end of the Venturi, so that ambient air and exhaust air are mixed in passing through the Venturi to its exhaust gas outlet. A perforated pipe within the first chamber receives the exhaust gas, and the exhaust gas escapes there from via the perforations, into the chamber and thence to the Venturi. A second chamber, having a catalytic substrate assembly mounted therein, receives the mixed ambient air and exhaust air from the exhaust gas outlet of the Venturi, and has an exhaust pipe outlet.

Abstract: A two-stroke internal combustion engine has two cylinders each having an exhaust port. Two exhaust conduits are connected to the two exhaust ports. A passage is provided between the two conduits to fluidly communicate the two together. An actuator moves a valve to open or close the passage depending on the engine speed.

Abstract: A method of operating an emission abatement system includes advancing a liquid agent to an atomizing nozzle and advancing pressurized air to the atomizing nozzle. The method further includes impinging the pressurized air on the liquid agent at a tip of the atomizing nozzle to shear liquid agent particles from the liquid agent. The method further includes advancing the liquid agent particles through the atomizing nozzle to an emission abatement device. An emission abatement system and atomizer apparatus are also disclosed herein.

Abstract: A passive secondary air muffler for a small internal combustion engine. The secondary air muffler may include a venturi device and a catalytic converter. The venturi device may be in the form of a stamped sheet metal insert which, along with the outer muffler housing or shell, forms a secondary or auxiliary air intake device. The venturi device may also be formed from baffles separating an inlet chamber from an outlet chamber of the muffler. The secondary air intake device provides auxiliary or secondary air to the exhaust gas stream exiting the engine upstream of the catalytic converter to improve the efficiency of the catalytic converter. In an exemplary embodiment, the venturi device has a hemispherical cross-sectional shape or a circular cross-sectional shape taken along a plane substantially perpendicular to the direction of flow of the exhaust gas stream.

Abstract: An InfraRed Suppression System (IRSS) vectors engine exhaust flow away from the exhaust manifold plane, the high aspect ratio exhaust duct defined as a ratio of a maximum nozzle length to a maximum nozzle width, the ratio greater than 2:1.

Abstract: A muffling apparatus 1 of the present invention having an exhaust emission purifying function, including a turning portion 8 in an inside of an exhaust gas flow passage, and having an injection nozzle 12 disposed in an upstream side exhaust gas flow passage 9 of the turning portion 8, for injection-supplying a liquid reducing agent; and a reduction catalytic converter 13 disposed in a downstream side exhaust gas flow passage 10 of the turning portion 8, for reductively purifying nitrogen oxides with the liquid reducing agent. The apparatus further includes a diffusing member 15, which generates a vortex flow of a gas traveling in a vertical plane of the turning portion 8 to diffuse the liquid reducing agent.

Abstract: The present invention provides an engine including a secondary air supply apparatus for supplying a secondary air to an exhaust gas passage in a cylinder head. the engine comprises a secondary air passage of the secondary air supply apparatus which is extending from an outer peripheral surface of the cylinder head through an under-portion of the exhaust gas passage into the exhaust gas passage. The secondary air passage has a groove geometry of passage portion on a matching surface between the cylinder head and a cylinder body.

Abstract: A method comprises injecting a reductant stream comprising a hydrocarbon reductant and water into an exhaust chamber comprising a nitrogen oxide-containing exhaust stream; contacting a composition comprising the reductant stream and exhaust stream with a catalyst; and decreasing a concentration of the nitrogen oxide in the composition comprising the reductant stream and exhaust stream. An exhaust stream treatment system, comprises an exhaust chamber comprising a catalyst; an exhaust stream comprising a nitrogen oxide; and a reductant stream comprising a hydrocarbon reductant and water.

Abstract: One embodiment of a method of operating a NOx abatement system comprises: introducing an exhaust stream to an ammonia generator in a normal flow direction, adsorbing NOx from the exhaust stream in the ammonia generator, diverting the exhaust stream around the ammonia generator, introducing hydrogen to the ammonia generator in a direction opposite the normal flow direction, and generating ammonia within the ammonia generator.

Abstract: An apparatus for mixing liquid medium into a gaseous medium flowing through an exhaust pipe from an internal combustion engine is provided. The liquid medium is supplied to the exhaust pipe with varied mass flow via an injector nozzle directed into the exhaust pipe. The exhaust pipe has a mixer placed downstream of the injector nozzle and a flow path disposed parallel with the mixer and extending through a perforated surface.

Abstract: An exhaust system for an engine, comprising of a first exhaust passage providing a first flow area, a second exhaust passage communicatively coupled to the first exhaust passage, the second exhaust passage providing a second flow area greater than the first flow area, wherein the second exhaust passage is arranged downstream of the first exhaust passage, wherein a first wall surface of the first exhaust passage defines at least a first opening for transferring air external the first exhaust passage to within the first exhaust passage and a second wall surface of the second exhaust passage defines at least a second opening for transferring air external the second exhaust passage to within the second exhaust passage, a first protrusion disposed within the first exhaust passage upstream of the first opening, and a second protrusion disposed within the second exhaust passage upstream of the second opening.

Abstract: An exhaust gas-cooling device for use on an exhaust gas conveyance system of a vehicle having an exhaust gas passageway to emit exhaust gases from an engine to an outlet includes an exhaust passageway pipe in fluid communication with the engine, and a micro-venturi mixing chamber pipe in fluid communication with and located downstream of the exhaust passageway pipe. The micro-venturi mixing chamber pipe defines the outlet of the exhaust gas-cooling device and has at least one aperture disposed on a pipe body of the micro-venturi mixing chamber for introducing ambient air into the micro-venturi mixing chamber pipe.

Abstract: A working machine includes an engine compartment, an engine hood, an internal combustion engine arranged in the engine compartment and an exhaust system, which extends from the engine out of the engine compartment via the engine hood. The exhaust system is provided with an air intake for admitting air from the engine compartment into the exhaust system and entraining the air together with the exhaust gases. The air intake includes an air baffle element, which leads the air into an essentially central area in an outlet duct, in which the exhaust gases are led out, in such a way that the air is entrained out of the engine compartment by the exhaust gases through an ejector effect which the exhaust gases exert on the air in the outlet duct.

Abstract: A system for improving motor vehicle performance includes an air intake heat exchanger placed in-line with the air intake of the motor vehicle. The air intake heat exchanger is coupled to a source of pressurized media for selective application of the pressurized media to the air intake heat exchanger for cooling and drying intake air prior to reaching the intake manifold and ultimately the combustion chamber. The system further includes a flow inducing member positioned within the exhaust pipe of a motor vehicle. The flow inducing member is coupled to the source of pressurized media for selective application of the pressurized media in a manner which creates an increased flow within the exhaust system thereby increasing the flow through the air intake and intake manifold. A system for exhausting CO2 to an adjacent vehicle is also disclosed.

Abstract: A an improvement in a two wheel motor vehicle having an internal combustion motor and a wheel drive mechanism, wherein the motor has an exhaust system connected thereto, includes a) an exhaust system having a first exhaust pipe and a second exhaust pipe with the first exhaust pipe being in a fixed position relative to the internal combustion motor, and the second exhaust being rotatably connected to the first exhaust pipe, and b) an exhaust pipe drive mechanism connected to the second exhaust pipe for rotation of the second exhaust pipe. The pipe drive mechanism may operate off some power source of the vehicle, operate independently of the vehicle power sources, may operate from exiting exhaust gases, ambient wind form motion of the vehicle, or a combination of the foregoing.

Abstract: A motor vehicle having at least three wheels, an internal combustion motor and a wheel drive mechanism, wherein the motor has an exhaust system connected thereto, includes a) an exhaust system having a first exhaust pipe and a second exhaust pipe with the first exhaust pipe being in a fixed position relative to the internal combustion motor, and the second exhaust being rotatably connected to the first exhaust pipe, and b) an exhaust pipe drive mechanism connected to the second exhaust pipe for rotation of the second exhaust pipe. The pipe drive mechanism may operate off some power source of the vehicle, operate independently of the vehicle power sources, may operate from exiting exhaust gases, ambient wind form motion of the vehicle, or a combination of the foregoing.

Abstract: A vehicular atmosphere cleansing system utilizes a regenerative wheel having flow channels extending through the wheel coated with an adsorbant. An atmosphere stream passes through a first position dependent portion of the wheel where VOC's including HC's are adsorbed while a heated atmosphere stream passes through a second position dependent regenerative portion of the wheel whereat VOC's are desorbed. The adsorbant is activated carbon having particles of micropore size adhered to the substrate by a silicone binder producing high adsorption efficiencies while withstanding relatively high regenerative heat temperatures resulting from exhaust gas sensible heat. A hydrocarbon senses HC in the desorbed heated atmosphere stream to rotatively and sequentially index pie shaped, segmented portions of the wheel into the wheel's regenerative region while also functioning as the main component of an OBD device for the system.

Abstract: A muffler arrangement includes an exhaust-gas muffler, which is subdivided into an inlet space and an outlet space. An exhaust-gas stub of an internal combustion engine opens into the inlet space. Exhaust gas is conducted from the outlet space into an air channel via an exhaust-gas outlet. The air channel is formed between the housing of the exhaust-gas muffler and an outer cover and extends along a side of the exhaust-gas muffler. A cooling-air component flow is branched from a cooling-air flow of a cooling-air blower and enters at a first end of the air channel. The cooling-air component flow exits again at the second end of the air channel.

Abstract: A device is provided for discharging two gases from a vehicle to ambient air, one gas having pressure pulsation of a first magnitude. The device includes an elongated body connected with the vehicle and having a first inlet connected with a first gas source, a second inlet connected with a second gas source, an outlet fluidly communicable with ambient air, and an interior mixing chamber, the two inlets being fluidly communicable with the chamber such that the two gases flow into the chamber. The body combines the two gases within the mixing chamber to form a combined gas having pressure pulsation of a lesser, second magnitude and to discharge the combined gas to ambient air. Preferably, the body includes an outer tubular member having the first inlet and the outlet and an inner tubular member disposed within the outer member and including the second inlet and a plurality of ports.

Abstract: An exhaust gas dilution apparatus 10-2 is the same form multi-venturi type comprising a rectifier 11, divider 12, exhaust chamber 14, dilution tunnel 15, and a divider pipes 13t on the dilution side of a tunnel 15 side. All divider pipes 13 are provided with a venturi 21 having the same performance inserted in the same position, to measure the flow rate in the dilution tunnel and the flow rate on the exhaust pipe side. The opening of the shutter 19 provided in the exit of the exhaust chamber 14 is controlled so that the two flow rates are equivalent.

Abstract: Inlet air (15) humidified in an air bubbling (or other) humidifier (35) that receives water from a tank (36) is sent to a hydrogen generator (27) along with vaporized (23) diesel fuel (22) to produce hydrogen and carbon monoxide (28) for either (a) mixing with the mainstream of exhaust (18) fed to a catalytic converter (30) or (b) regenerating a pair of NOx adsorption traps (38, 39), thereby reducing oxides of nitrogen (NOx), to provide system exhaust (32) which may have less than 0.40 grams/bhp/hr of NOx and 0.28 grams/bhp/hr of non-methane hydrocarbons. In other embodiments, unhumidified air mixed with fuel feeds a homogeneous non-catalytic partial oxidizer (27) to provide the required hydrogen and carbon monoxide.

Abstract: The exhaust flap closes an exhaust duct. An exhaust-gas stream flows directly onto a closure plate which closes the cross section of the exhaust duct at least partially. A flow body is disposed next to the closure plate, onto which the exhaust-gas stream can flow and which takes effect as an actuator for the exhaust flap.

Abstract: The invention concerns an arrangement for a discharge system for combustion gases from a motor-driven vehicle which gives the vehicle a low IR signature. According to the invention, the gas outflow channel (28), at least in an area of the channel adjacent to the discharge aperture (32), has a boundary wall (34) which is perforated right up to the open discharge aperture (32) and surrounded by a cooling air channel (38). The arrangement is such that cooling air can sweep over the inner side as well as the outer side of the perforated wall (34).

Abstract: An exhaust gas muffler for an internal combustion engine of a portable, hand-guided working tool has a housing having an exhaust gas inlet, and exhaust gas outlet, and an outlet space, wherein the exhaust gas outlet opens into the outlet space. An outlet opening is provided downstream of the outlet space and has wall elements directing the exhaust gas flow in the exit flow direction. A rebound wall is positioned transverse to the exhaust gas outlet and delimits the outlet space while providing a connecting slot into the outlet opening. The connecting slot is spaced at a distance from the outer wall of the housing that extends substantially parallel to the rebound wall. A first ramp is positioned perpendicularly to the connecting slot and slants upwardly from the rebound wall to the outlet opening. A second ramp extends in a direction of longitudinal extension of the connecting slot from an end of the insertion slot opposite the first ramp to the edge of the first ramp opposite the connecting slot.