Abstract: The invention is an adjustable exhaust system and an adjustable insert for an exhaust system. The exhaust system includes a header flange, at least one conduit coupled to the header flange, a collector coupled to the conduit, and an adjustable insert for tuning engine performance.

Abstract: An improved heat shield offers thermal insulation and reduced noise transmission for vehicular engine components, including exhaust manifolds. The structure has three layers: an outer structural metal layer, a center insulation layer to isolate heat and dampen noise, and an inner metal layer directly adjacent the shielded component for reflecting heat back to the shielded component. As disclosed, the shield has at least one edge portion defined by outwardly flared undulations or waves. The waved edge minimizes impact of plastic deformation of the metal edges during manufacture of the shield, which tends to produce wrinkling at the edges, and creates undesirable stiffness. Finally, the edge boundary of the outer metal heat shield layer is folded over the edges of the insulation and inner metal layers to avoid any sharp edges, thus preventing injury to installers and reinforcing the heat shield structure to enhance useful life under vibration and heat conditions.

Abstract: An exhaust manifold is provided having ceramic inner layer that is highly resistant to cracking from thermal cycling. In a preferred embodiment, the ceramic inner layer is slip cast from a slip composition having a major amount of fused silica which has an amorphous structure. The manifold also has a ceramic insulation layer, a strain isolation layer and an outer structural layer in various embodiments. According to one embodiment, the strain isolation layer is provided in the form of an intumescent mat that expands on heating and contracts on cooling up to a certain crossover temperature, above which it loses the ability to contract on cooling. In a preferred embodiment, a catalyst-coated support body is provided in the exhaust manifold. As exhaust gases pass through the manifold, noxious components of the exhaust gases begin to convert to environmentally benign species via the catalyst prior to reaching the catalytic converter. Methods of making an exhaust manifold also are provided.

Abstract: An exhaust gas manifold for mounting on a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine, composed of at least one cylinder support having bores for evacuating the exhaust gas. The exhaust gas manifold comprises an exhaust gas manifold collector housing (9) for collecting exhaust gas from the cylinder head, and a sealing device (10) placed between the exhaust gas collector housing (9) and the cylinder head (2). The exhaust gas manifold collector housing (9) is provided with recesses (12) so that it can be directly connected to the cylinder head (2) via a fixation mechanism (18), whereby the effect of heat enables movements between the exhaust gas manifold collector housing (9) and the cylinder head (2).

Abstract: The device for producing an overtone-rich, sporty exhaust sound of the exhaust system of a four-cylinder engine includes exhaust pipes with four manifold pipes, at least one front pipe and a tail pipe. The length and/or cross-section of at least one exhaust pipe differ from the length and/or cross-section of the other exhaust pipes. At least some of the exhaust pipes lead into a first, second and/or third collecting point.

Abstract: A connection of the exhaust emission control device, to which a collecting portion of an exhaust manifold extending rearwards and downwards from a rear face of a cylinder block is connected, is eccentric toward an engine block by a distance with respect to an axis of a cylindrical main casing. Therefore, the exhaust manifold can be located as close as possible to a rear face of the engine block to ensure that travel wind is difficult to collide with the exhaust manifold, thereby preventing a drop in temperature of an exhaust gas to early raise the temperature of the exhaust emission control device. Moreover, since the exhaust manifold is disposed closer to the rear face of the engine block, a collision stroke permitting the retraction of the engine upon frontal collision can be expanded.

Abstract: An exhaust manifold for vehicle is disclosed. First and fourth runners among a plurality of runners connected to cylinders of an engine are respectively connected to sides of a gas confluence part. Second and third runners disposed between the first and fourth runners are joined together integrally before being connected to the gas confluence part.

Abstract: The present invention is an exhaust system having a parallelogram-shaped cross section. The exhaust system includes a header flange for connection to one or more cylinder exhaust ports. The header flange is coupled to one or more conduits. The conduits merge into a collector, which may or may not include a muffler.

Abstract: An exhaust processor comprises a Helmholtz resonance chamber with a variable tuning throat. The tuning frequency of the exhaust processor changes as the outlet opening from the variable tuning throat into the Helmholtz resonance chamber changes.

Abstract: An equal length crossover pipe exhaust system for an engine of a vehicle includes a plurality of exhaust manifolds for connection to outlets of cylinders of the engine. The equal length crossover pipe exhaust system also includes a plurality of crossover pipes having one end connected to the exhaust manifolds and extending above the engine. The equal length crossover pipe exhaust system further includes a main takedown pipe connected to another end of the crossover pipes at an equidistant point above the engine to provide an equal length junction point between the crossover pipes.

Abstract: An exhaust manifold is provided having substantially ceramic inner and insulation layers. The manifold preferably has a metal outer structural layer to impart strength to the manifold. The ceramic layers are made of ceramic fibers with the interstitial spaces between the fibers being filled with ceramic filler material. The preferred ceramic fibers are aluminosilicate fibers. The preferred ceramic filler material is alumina, silica, glass-ceramic or other metal oxide. A method of making an exhaust manifold having a substantially ceramic inner and insulation layer is also provided.

Abstract: An exhaust manifold provides improved output by suppressing exhaust interference between cylinders at the exhaust manifold. An air-fuel ratio sensor is installed in position where it can uniformly detect the exhaust gas of each cylinder. The exhaust manifold has a plurality of exhaust tubes, one per cylinder, that connect with a collector case. Each of exhaust tubes has a linear portion located directly above the section where it merges with the collector case. The exhaust tubes are connected to the collector case such that the center axes of the linear portions intersect at intersection point inside the collector case or downstream thereof. The air-fuel ratio sensor is arranged such that its detecting part is positioned in the vicinity of the intersection point. Depending upon whether the exhaust tubes of cylinders have firing orders that are successive or not determines whether the exhaust tubes are slanted or parallel with respect to each other.

Abstract: An exhaust arrangement for a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine of a vehicle which has a row of cylinders. The arrangement includes an exhaust manifold including a branch portion having a plurality of branch pipes corresponding to the cylinders, a catalyst disposed downstream of the exhaust manifold, and an exhaust pipe connecting the exhaust manifold to the catalyst. The exhaust pipe defines an exhaust path having a bend. The bend includes a plane dividing an interior of the bend into equal halves. A partition divides the exhaust path into first and second exhaust passages coextending in a longitudinal direction of the exhaust pipe. The partition extends in the bend in alignment with the plane. An oxygen sensor is disposed at the bend of the exhaust pipe in alignment with the partition and projects into both of the first and second exhaust passages through a periphery of the partition.

Abstract: In an exhaust system for an internal combustion engine, having an exhaust manifold including an inner shell and an outer shell partially surrounding the inner shell, so that the space between the shells forms an insulating volume, an exhaust gas recirculation line is connected to the outer shell of the exhaust manifold for removal of exhaust gas for its recirculating from the space between the inner and outer shells. The invention is also directed to a method for recirculating exhaust gas.

Abstract: An exhaust pipe collecting structure for a multi-cylinder engine unit having multiple cylinders comprises a first exhaust pipe group and a second exhaust pipe group, each of which is comprised of two exhaust pipes selected from four exhaust pipes respectively connected to the four cylinders; a first exhaust sub-collecting pipe cast integrally with the first exhaust pipe group, a second exhaust sub-collecting pipe cast integrally with the second exhaust pipe group, a first joint portion located at a downstream end portion of the first exhaust sub-collecting pipe, and a second joint portion located at a downstream end portion of the second exhaust sub-collecting pipe.

Abstract: An exhaust system having an exhaust manifold that comprises a plurality of single-shell discrete exhaust pipes connected to an engine, a double-shell collective chambered pipe joined to the discrete exhaust pipes and comprising an internal pipe shell into which exhaust gas streams passing through the discrete exhaust pipes are introduced and merge together and an external pipe shell surrounding the internal pipe shell, and a spherical joint connecting the collective chambered pipe to the exhaust pipe. The discrete exhaust pipe has a bent portion and a straight portion continuously extending from the bent portion to the collective chambered pipe. The bent portions of the respective discrete exhaust pipes are oriented toward a center of a straight row of cylinders so as to lay the straight portions of the discrete exhaust pipes nearly parallel to one another.

Abstract: An arrangement is provided for fastening an exhaust gas turbocharger on an exhaust gas manifold of an internal-combustion engine. A manifold flange is provided at the exhaust gas manifold, on which manifold flange an exhaust gas turbocharger can be fastened which is also provided with a flange surface. It is provided that the manifold flange provided on one side of the exhaust gas manifold is connected with sleeves leading to the opposite side of the exhaust gas manifold, in which sleeves screws are guided for the fastening of the exhaust gas turbocharger. This permits a simple and easily accessible mounting or demounting of the exhaust gas turbocharger on the exhaust gas manifold of the internal-combustion engine.

Abstract: An exhaust manifold of an engine exhaust apparatus includes a plurality of exhaust branches and a straight pipe section. The exhaust branches extend toward a confluence portion, from respective upstream ends to be connected with cylinders of an engine. The straight pipe section extends from the confluence portion toward a downstream end adapted to be connected to an exhaust purifying catalyst.

Abstract: An exhaust system in an internal combustion engine has an exhaust manifold, an exhaust flange is connected to the exhaust manifold, and a turbocharger is connected to the exhaust flange. The turbocharger has an exhaust inlet flange connected to the exhaust flange. The exhaust manifold has a first passage and a second passage, and the exhaust flange has a first exhaust port and a second exhaust port. The exhaust ports of the exhaust flange each have a generally triangular cross-sectional configuration.

Abstract: An exhaust manifold for a vehicle engine constructed of two stamped halves joined together along a longitudinal weld seam to form a compactly configured manifold. The assembled manifold includes exhaust tubes in communication with the combustion chambers of the engine and a collector chamber for directing exhaust from the tubes to the exhaust system. The individual exhaust tubes are configured for a compact installation and the collection chamber facilitates efficient flow of exhaust through the manifold.

Abstract: An exhaust header system (20) for an internal combustion engine includes primary tubes (22), each having inlet (26) and outlet (28) ends. The inlet ends (26) are adapted to carry exhaust gas (60) from exhaust ports of the internal combustion engine. A collector (24) has a collector inlet (32), a collector outlet (34), and an intermediate section (36) interposed between the collector inlet (32) and the collector outlet (34). The collector inlet (32) exhibits an ovular cross-section, and the outlet ends (28) of the primary tubes (22) are aligned along a width (74) of the collector inlet (32). The collector outlet (34) exhibits a circular cross-section, and the intermediate section (36) transitions from the ovular cross-section at the collector inlet (32) to the circular cross-section at the collector outlet (34).

Abstract: The present invention provides a heat shield for an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine. The shield comprises three metal layers shaped to conform generally to the shape of a high temperature portion of said exhaust system; said metal layers having substantially the same shape and extending in face-to-face adjacency with one layer positioned between the other two layers; all three metal layers being substantially identical.

Abstract: An exhaust system for a marine engine provides individual exhaust gas conduits that are maintained separately from water conduits until the individual exhaust gas conduits can be combined within a common exhaust gas conduit. This combination of exhaust gas streams allows the amplitude of negative pressure pulses to be damped, by combination with each other, prior to the mixing of cooling water with the exhaust gas streams. Later, the combined exhaust gas stream can be mixed with a combined water stream.

Abstract: An exhaust scavenging system for an internal combustion engine including exhaust passages extending from the engine and an exhaust outlet system. A collector extends from the bundled ends of the exhaust passages to the exhaust outlet system. A flow enhancement element extends into the collector from a central position among the bundled exhaust passage outlets. The flow enhancement element may be fixed, adjustable axially or modulated axially. When modulated, a controller controls the actuator based on engine parameters with a feedback loop either directly from the actuator or through further measurement of engine conditions. When adjustable, the flow enhancement element can range in position from a retracted position to an extended position.

Abstract: A structure of an exhaust manifold branch collecting portion includes a double collecting pipe 21 for collecting a plurality of exhaust openings 11A, 17A. The double collecting pipe 21 is comprised of an inner pipe 21-1 and an outer pipe 21-2, which are connected integrally to each other. In a space formed between the inner pipe 21-1, the outer pipe 21-2, and a ring-shaped stainless steel cushion member 22-2, a tubular cushion member 22-1, which is thermally expanded and foamed, is arranged as a restricted cushion structure.

Abstract: Disclosed is a double pipe exhaust manifold having an inner pipe, a mesh spacer member applied to the outer periphery of the inner pipe, and an outer pipe being disposed around the outer periphery of the mesh spacer member in a state that the outer pipe is axially slidable at least to the inner pipe, wherein the outer pipe is divided into two pipe members, and one side end of one of the divided pipe members is put on the corresponding one of the other of the divided pipe members as radially viewed, and the other side end of the divided pipe member is put on the corresponding one of the latter divided pipe member, and the overlapping portions are welded together.

Abstract: An exhaust treatment device is provided for an internal combustion engine of a marine propulsion system. An outer chamber contains a first inner chamber within it and slidably supports the inner chamber. An exhaust inlet conduit directs a stream of exhaust gases from a cylinder of the internal combustion engine directly into the inner chamber. The inner and outer chambers are supported relative to each other to allow relative movement of these two components in response to changes in the differential temperature between the two components. A rail system slidably supports the inner chamber relative to the outer chamber. The exhaust treatment device comprises a liquid cooled housing surrounding the inner and outer chambers. Exhaust gas is directed through the inner chamber and then into the outer chamber at a closed end of the exhaust treatment device. Exhaust gases then flow through the outer chamber to an exhaust conduit of the marine propulsion system.

Abstract: A structure of an exhaust manifold branch collecting portion where a plurality of pipe members are joined integrally at their respective downstream ends, wherein a thickened portion is provided at the downstream end of at least one pipe member on a center side of the exhaust manifold branch collecting portion.

Abstract: In an exhaust manifold of a four-cylinder engine four cylinders of which line up in order of cylinder #1, cylinder #2, cylinder #3 and cylinder #4, temperature rise performance of a manifold catalyst improves by shortening a total length of the exhaust manifold while preventing exhaust gas interference between the cylinders. Therefore, an exhaust manifold branch of cylinder #1 and an exhaust manifold branch of cylinder #4 in outward sides of the engine that are not fired in succession are made convergent with its convergence angle &thgr;1 being equal to or below 20 degrees to form a first convergent exhaust manifold branch and an exhaust manifold branch of cylinder #2 and an exhaust manifold branch of cylinder #3 between the cylinder #1 and cylinder #4 that are not fired in succession are made convergent at a minimum distance having a laterally projected shape to form a second convergent exhaust manifold branch.

Abstract: Downstream fitting parts of exhaust manifold branch pipes which fit into a manifold container each has a sector or fan-like cross section which is formed so that the cross-section area of the downstream end of each of the branch pipes is substantially equal to that of the corresponding upstream end. During manufacture, the downstream ends of each pipe member are expanded by a predetermined amount and then shaped to have the fan or sector-like shaped cross section. This maintains the cross-sectional area of the shaped portions substantially equal to the original cross-sectional areas and therefore the cross-sectional area of the upstream ends.

Abstract: In an exhaust manifold to be mounted on a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine which cylinder head includes a plurality of exhaust passages, the exhaust manifold includes a gas collector housing with a mounting flange, a gas conducting duct arranged in spaced relationship within the gas collector housing and having a mounting collar, and a hold-down element mounted together with the flange onto the cylinder head and including a recess receiving the collar of the gas conducting duct for retaining the gas conducting duct in engagement with the cylinder head but permitting relative movement thereto.

Abstract: An exhaust pipe has a manifold; one end of the manifold is connected to a distal end of a connecting tube. Another ends of the manifold are extended with a left branch tube and a right branch tube. The left branch tube is connected to a first muffler tube and the right branch tube is connected to a second muffler tube. The feature is that an interior of a middle section of the manifold has a valve which is controlled by a controller. The valve controls the area of the opening of the left branch tube communicated with the first muffler tube and the area of the opening of the right branch tube communicated with the second muffler tube. The driver may control the variation of exhaust gas without needing to adjust the exhaust pipe. The noise may be reduced easily and the performance of acceleration is enhanced.

Abstract: A heat shield provides thermal insulation and reduced noise transmission for under-the-hood vehicular engine components, such as exhaust manifolds. The structure is formed in three layers: an outer metal layer to provide structural integrity, a center insulation layer to isolate heat and dampen noise, and an inner metal layer directly adjacent the shielded component for reflecting heat back to the shielded component. As disclosed, the insulation layer is sandwiched between the two metal layers. The heat shield is formed in two integral mating halves to define a unitary structure containing grommets. The grommets incorporate capscrews rotatably secured in respective halves of the structure for attachment to mounting bosses on the component. Finally, the edges of the two metal layers of the heat shield are folded over to prevent injury to installers, and to reinforce the heat shield structure for enhancing its useful life under severe conditions of vibration and heat.

Abstract: The present invention is an exhaust system having a parallelogram-shaped cross section. The exhaust system includes a header flange for connection to one or more cylinder exhaust ports. The header flange is coupled to one or more conduits. The conduits merge into a collector, which may or may not include a muffler.

Abstract: The present invention is an adjustable exhaust system and an adjustable insert for an exhaust system. The exhaust system includes a header flange, at least one conduit coupled to the header flange, a collector coupled to the conduit, and an adjustable insert for tuning engine performance.

Abstract: An exhaust arrangement for a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine of a vehicle which has a row of cylinders. The arrangement includes an exhaust manifold including a branch portion having a plurality of branch pipes corresponding to the cylinders, a catalyst disposed downstream of the exhaust manifold, and an exhaust pipe connecting the exhaust manifold to the catalyst. The exhaust pipe defines an exhaust path having a bend. The bend includes a plane dividing an interior of the bend into equal halves. A partition divides the exhaust path into first and second exhaust passages coextending in a longitudinal direction of the exhaust pipe. The partition extends in the bend in alignment with the plane. An oxygen sensor is disposed at the bend of the exhaust pipe in alignment with the partition and projects into both of the first and second exhaust passages through a periphery of the partition.

Abstract: A fastening system and method adapted for use on materials having poor machining characteristics, which provides an attachment feature for a component or an assembly. The attachment feature includes a mount having a boss defining a boss recess and a fastening surface. A first fastener is affixed to the fastening surface. A second fastener is received through an auxiliary feature and engages the first fastener to affix the auxiliary feature to the component. The boss recess may accommodate a portion of the second fastener.

Abstract: An exhaust manifold is disclosed that enhances the purification efficiency and lifetime of the catalyst in a catalytic converter. The manifold includes: a mixing chamber of a spheroidal shape having runners, each runner having one end connected to an exhaust port and the other end to the mixing chamber along the outer circumference thereof at an angle that causes rotation of the entering exhaust; and a diffuser to induce exhaust gas to diffuse widely before passing through the catalytic converter.

Abstract: An exhaust aftertreatment system for use with an internal combustion engine includes at least one leg having a multi-stage NOx adsorber, with each NOx adsorber stage corresponding to a different temperature range of NOx adsorption. In a multi-pass aftertreatment system, a manifold has at least one inlet and a plurality of outlets. A plurality of legs are connected with a respective manifold outlet. Each leg has a NOx adsorber therein. At least one valve is positioned in association with at least one leg for at least partially opening and closing the at least one leg.

Abstract: An exhaust pipe has a manifold; one end of the manifold is connected to a distal end of a connecting tube. Another ends of the manifold are extended with a left branch tube and a right branch tube. The left branch tube is connected to a first muffler tube and the right branch tube is connected to a second muffler tube. The feature is that an interior of a middle section of the manifold has a valve which is controlled by a controller. The valve controls the area of the opening of the left branch tube communicated with the first muffler tube and the area of the opening of the right branch tube communicated with the second muffler tube. The driver may control the variation of exhaust gas without needing to adjust the exhaust pipe. The noise may be reduced easily and the performance of acceleration is enhanced.

Abstract: An exhaust manifold for a vehicle engine and a manufacturing process to prevent corrosion of the manifold during shipping and storage. The manifold includes a manifold body having a plurality of arms corresponding to the exhaust ports of the engine and a collector chamber for directing the exhaust gasses to the vehicle exhaust system. Attached to the ports of the body are flanges to facilitate connection of the manifold to the engine. The flanges are manufactured of carbon steel and includes apertures to receive mounting flanges. To prevent corrosion of the flanges, the flanges are subject to a process of ferritic nitro carburization which inhibits the formation of iron-oxide.

Abstract: An exhaust manifold is provided having substantially ceramic inner and insulation layers. The manifold preferably has a metal outer structural layer to impart strength to the manifold. The ceramic layers are made of ceramic fibers with the interstitial spaces between the fibers being filled with ceramic filler material. The preferred ceramic fibers are aluminosilicate fibers. The preferred ceramic filler material is alumina, silica, glass-ceramic or other metal oxide. A method of making an exhaust manifold having a substantially ceramic inner and insulation layer is also provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a heat shield for an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine. The shield comprises three metal layers shaped to conform generally to the shape of a high temperature portion of said exhaust system; said metal layers having substantially the same shape and extending in face-to-face adjacency with one layer positioned between the other two layers; all three metal layers being substantially identical.

Abstract: A method for tuning input/exhaust primaries in a multi-chamber spark ignition internal combustion engine. This method improves engine performance by correlating the timing of wave pulses in the input or exhaust system to combustion events in the combustion chambers. This has the effect of increasing the volumetric efficiency of the engine, resulting in increased brake specific fuel consumption and increased specific volume output.

Abstract: A stratified exhaust gas re-circulation (EGR) engine uses an exhaust port per cylinder for exhausting exhaust gases and to re-circulate exhaust gas. The EGR valve may be phased from the exhaust stroke to the intake stroke. The EGR valves that control the exhaust gas re-circulation ports may be on a separate camshaft from the other valves. The EGR ports and an intake port for each of the cylinders may be helical or tangential ports that stratified the exhaust gas and the air in the cylinder. The engine may be a direct injection or a port fuel injection engine with one or more exhaust manifolds. The exhaust gas re-circulation ports may be controlled by a single flow valve or each port may have a separate flow valve. The intake ports may be controlled by a single flow valve or each intake port may have a separate flow valve.

Abstract: The exhaust component has an exhaust manifold with at least two inlet lines, and, for example, also a catalytic converter and a wall with two composite wall elements. The two wall elements together, in cross section, surround interior spaces of all the inlet lines and, if appropriate, also the catalyst means of the catalytic converter. Each wall element has two single-piece metal shells and a layer of heat-insulating material which is arranged between these shells, so that each wall element provides good thermal insulation. During the production of a wall element, the shells belonging to this element, as well as the layer of insulating material arranged between them, are together subjected to plastic deformation. This allows inexpensive production of the wall.

Abstract: An exhaust manifold for vehicle is disclosed. First and fourth runners among a plurality of runners connected to cylinders of an engine are respectively connected to sides of a gas confluence part. Second and third runners disposed between the first and fourth runners are joined together integrally before being connected to the gas confluence part.

Abstract: An exhaust gas manifold of an exhaust system for an internal combustion engine includes a diverging pipe elbow and exhaust pipes. Each exhaust pipe has an end and is connected to the diverging pipe elbow. The ends of the exhaust pipes extend substantially unidirectionally into the pipe elbow. The sections of the exhaust pipes adjacent to the ends are joined and together form a circular cross section. The portions of the exhaust pipes adjacent to the joined sections are separated from each other with a gap.

Abstract: An exhaust port gasket is adapted for insertion between an engine exhaust port and an exhaust pipe flange for sealing therebetween. The gasket includes at least one primary aperture acting as an exhaust port for accommodating flows of exhaust gases, and includes at least one electronic oxygen sensor responsive to oxygen levels of gases passing through the exhaust port. To the extent that oxygen-sensing is provided at the exhaust port, improved real time engine management may be derived from cylinder-by-cylinder measurements of the oxygen levels by inputting the measurements into an engine control unit module to optimize engine performance parameters, including fuel economy and emissions levels. In one described embodiment, a plurality of cylindrical oxygen sensor probes are positioned in surface grooves of a spacer layer of the exhaust gasket, and individual probe sensor wires are collectively connected to a wire harness portion of the gasket.

Abstract: An exhaust port gasket is adapted for insertion between an engine exhaust port and an exhaust pipe flange for sealing therebetween. The gasket includes at least one primary aperture acting as an exhaust port for accommodating flows of exhaust gases, and includes at least one electronic oxygen sensor responsive to oxygen levels of gases passing through the exhaust port. To the extent that oxygen-sensing is provided at the exhaust port, improved real time engine management may be derived from cylinder-by-cylinder measurements of the oxygen levels by inputting the measurements into an engine control unit module to optimize engine performance parameters, including fuel economy and emissions levels. In one described embodiment, a plurality of cylindrical oxygen sensor probes are positioned in surface grooves of a spacer layer of the exhaust gasket, and individual probe sensor wires are collectively connected to a wire harness portion of the gasket.

Abstract: A hanger for use with a conveyor in a garment making plant or the like for holding limp sheet material includes a hanger rod for attachment to a conveyor trolley and a hanger body carrying, and forming in part, a plurality of grippers, each capable of holding a workpiece unit to the body. Each gripper is made up of a stationary gripping face on part of the hanger body and a grip elememnt supported for movement along a path giving it a wedging action on a work unit inserted in the gripper when the grip element is urged downwardly by the weight of the work unit and its engagement therewith.