Abstract: A method is provided for the measurement of parameters of a gas present in a gas turbine combustion chamber. The method includes tuning a laser to a range containing the absorption lines of species to be analyzed in the gas, and directing the laser light through the combustion chamber and detecting laser light reflected off boundary walls of the combustion chamber. In order to analyze the absorption spectrum measured at high temperatures and pressures, a signature recognition algorithm is applied to the spectrum. The measured absorption spectrum is cross-correlated with a calibration absorption model spectrum for the absorption lines at several temperatures, pressures, and concentrations generated prior to the measurement. Values for pressure, temperature, and concentrations of selected species in the gas are determined simultaneously allowing direct control of the combustion chamber process. An apparatus for carrying out the method is also provided.

Abstract: A fluid coupling comprising a pump having an annular pump shell with an annular core ring mounted on a pump hub and a plurality of impellers radially arranged in the pump shell, and a turbine arranged facing the pump and having an annular turbine shell with an annular core ring mounted on a turbine hub that can rotate relative to the pump hub and a plurality of runners radially arranged in the turbine shell, wherein the turbine shell is so constituted to slide on the turbine hub in the axial direction, and provision is made of a resilient urging means for pushing the turbine toward the side of the pump.

Abstract: A torque converter assembly including means for reducing the axial thrust loading transmitted to the crankshaft by which the torque converter is driven and to thereby reduce thrust wear of the crankshaft bearing. This means includes a thrust washer loosely retained in the turbine hub of the torque converter and a shaft bolt securing the thrust washer and turbine hub to the end of a transmission input shaft driven by the torque converter. Also, the torque converter is coupled to the engine flywheel by a plug-in mounting comprising a plurality of drive lugs secured to the torque converter housing and received in aligned bores formed in the face of the flywheel.

Abstract: A hydraulically actuated lockup clutch is arranged between the cores of the pump and turbine elements of a torque converter for directly coupling them together for operation above the clutch point. For engagement and disengagement of the lockup clutch, which can be of the multiplate type, the turbine element is moved toward and away from the pump element under the control of a control valve which selectively communicates a clutch actuating chamber within the converter with an external pump assembly and with a fluid drain. Alternatively, a clutch actuating chamber can be formed between the core of the pump or turbine element and a movable pressure plate, so that the latter may travel toward and away from the former for engagement and disengagement of the clutch.

Abstract: The invention relates to a fluid clutch of the kind comprising cooperating vaned pump and turbine elements between which toroidal power-transmitting liquid vortices are established. At least part of the vanes of one of the elements is movable between clutch engaged and disengaged portions through a wall of the element into a reservoir on the other side of the wall. This reservoir also serves as a stall reservoir into which working liquid is fed automatically upon the existence of a stall condition of the element, so as to reduce the torque transmission capacity to a value preventing stalling of the prime mover.

Abstract: A twin-flow modulating torque converter having a torus which is defined by walls and rings of the pump, turbine and reactor members, and formed with a fluid bypass in the rings for developing an alternate flow circuit which bypasses the blades of one or more members of the fluid circuit; the fluid bypass being normally closed by the reactor member which is adapted for linear movement to open the fluid bypass for accomplishing varying degrees of modulation. The pump and turbine members are adapted to move relative to each other during operation for varying the cross-sectional area of the fluid bypass.

Abstract: A torque converter of the type having a rotating casing connectable to a driving source and forming a working chamber. In the casing is a pump part comprising a ring of pump blades, a reaction part comprising a ring of guide blades and a turbine part including at least one ring of turbine blades. The pump part is mounted to be selectively connected to the casing for rotation therewith or released from the casing to rotate freely relative thereto. The selectable connection between the pump part and the casing may be a friction coupling such as engaging conical friction surfaces or a friction disc coupling. The pump part itself may serve as a piston for engaging or disengaging the pump part with the casing. Movement of this pump part may also control a direct drive connection between the casing and the turbine shaft. A forward reverse gear and/or a synchromesh gear may be connected to the turbine shaft.