Abstract: A nozzle/valve device for a ducted rocket motor is provided. The nozzle valve device employs a design in which a nozzle throat blockage element can be moved by translational motion into and out of the nozzle throat section of the device. The blockage element is designed so that in the closed position the nozzle throat has a minimum cross-sectional flow area and therefore the nozzle throat is never fully closed. The seals employed in the nozzle/valve device are isolated from contact with reaction products of the gas generator and effective use of minimum amounts of erosion resistant materials is achieved.

Abstract: Pressure converting apparatus which automatically and continuously converts low pressure fluid into high pressure fluid comprises low pressure and high pressure cylinders which are coaxially connected, but have different effective bore areas, a co-working piston rod which reciprocates in the chambers of the coaxial cylinders, an automatic pilot valve operating mechanism disposed at the rear end of the low pressure cylinder, and a fluid supply mechanism for supply a bypassed fluid into the high pressure cylinder. Due to the difference in effective bore areas of the low pressure and high pressure cylinders and the automatic reciprocation of the coaxial piston rod in the chambers effected by the automatic pilot valve operating mechanism, high pressure fluid is constantly produced at the high pressure cylinder as the low pressure fluid is continuously supplied into the low pressure cylinder.

Abstract: A tandem master cylinder comprising a primary piston and a secondary piston disposed in tandem within one cylinder body for producing brake pressures for front and rear wheels in response to depression of a brake pedal, respectively. A liquid pressure control valve is disposed in the cylinder body and adapted to normally suppress the rise of the rear wheel brake pressure and to remove such suppression of the rear wheel brake pressure upon occurrence of a failure in a front wheel brake system.

Abstract: The tandem master cylinder is provided with an equalizer device comprising a plunger mounted intermediate two chambers which are respectively connected to the two cavities of the master cylinder. At least one of the ducts connecting the master cylinder and the equalizer device is formed with a constriction slowing down the flow of brake fluid so as to permit a pressure buildup in one of the braking circuits, in case of failure of the other circuit, since the very start of the pedal stroke.

Abstract: A master cylinder and brake valve assembly for operating the clutch and clutch brake of a heavy road vehicle is arranged such that up to a first given displacement of the master cylinder piston the clutch release mechanism only is connected to the master cylinder and, above a second further given displacement of the piston, the brake actuator only is connected to the master cylinder, there being a step change in thrust applied to the piston between the given displacements.In a modification, above a third further given displacement of the piston, the brake actuator is reisolated from the master cylinder.

Abstract: This invention relates to hydraulic control of intake valves and fuel injection of spark ignited internal combustion engines to effect a sonic-type induction system. The invention is an extension of a previous application by the same inventor, which provides a hydraulic actuation system for a prescribed valve opening of all the engine valves. The new system, in substance, provides a means to divert, in varying amounts, actuation fluid as supplied by the former system so as to impart a variable lift to the intake valves and, proportionally, to the fuel injection metering valve(s). The result is an induction system capable of maintaining an accurate air-to-fuel mass ratio.

Abstract: A master cylinder assembly for a vehicle braking system having two pressure circuits, comprises a master cylinder having two separate pressure chambers associated with respective pistons one chamber being arranged for connection to one of the pressure circuits, generally the circuit to the front wheel brakes, and a control valve arrangement fast with the master cylinder. The control valve arrangement has an inlet for connection to the other of the chambers and an outlet for connection to the other of the pressure circuits, usually the rear wheel brake circuit, a normally-open valve for controlling communication between the inlet and the outlet, and an auxiliary piston assembly movable to open and close the valve to control the pressure applied to the rear wheel brakes as compared to full braking pressure applied to the front wheel brakes.

Abstract: A tandem master cylinder device having a cylinder body slidably receiving therein a driving piston and a floating piston so as to define a first liquid chamber and a second liquid chamber, the device housing a liquid pressure control valve by which a differential in output liquid pressure between a front brake pressure and a rear brake pressure is produced. A stepped piston is mounted on the floating piston to open and close a poppet valve.

Abstract: Actuating equipment for a gate valve or penstock uses both compressed air and hydraulic oil to obtain the advantages of both. A control valve directs air to a hydraulic reservoir so as to drive oil at the air pressure into one chamber of a double acting cylinder and piston connected to the gate. When the gate is not being moved it is locked in position by an air operated valve preventing oil flow. A normally energized solenoid operated control valve opens when electrical power fails so as to direct stored air from a reservoir to move the gate to a fail-safe position.Air pipelines may provide communication over some distance from the control valves to the gate valve or penstock.

Abstract: In a known tandem master cylinder with two regulators for use in vehicles using diagonally split brake circuits, machining and assembly of the components is time consuming which makes the device expensive to manufacture. Moreover, the arrangement is only realizable with master cylinders having a relatively large diameter. There are also functional disadvantages, particularly that in the event of failure of a brake circuit the fluid volume consumption of the other brake circuit is materially increased which further increases the brake pedal travel. To eliminate these shortcomings, the tandem master cylinder with two regulators of the present invention includes means which, in the event of failure of a brake circuit, the regulator valve of the other brake circuit is actuated mechanically by one of the pressure pistons so that the regulator valve of the intact brake circuit is kept open to enable unreduced braking pressure to be coupled to the intact brake circuit.

Abstract: A two-stage master cylinder includes a housing with a stepped bore for receiving at least one piston. The one piston cooperates with the housing to substantially define a primary chamber communicating with a brake circuit and an auxiliary or fast- fill chamber. The auxiliary chamber is contracted during a braking application to communicate pressurized fluid to the primary chamber. A valve member is exposed to the fluid pressure within the primary chamber and the auxiliary chamber to communicate the latter with a reservoir. The valve member defines a first differential area and a second differential area which cooperate with the primary and auxiliary chambers, respectively, to meter the communication of fluid from the auxiliary chamber to the reservoir as the fluid pressure within the primary chamber is increasing.

Abstract: A master cylinder for a hydraulic brake system of an automotive vehicle having front and rear sets of brake cylinders is disclosed, in which during the application of brake pressure above a predetermined value at which modulation and reduction of the rate at which pressure is fed to the rear brake cylinders occurs, the rate at which pressure is fed to the front brake cylinder is increased as compared with the rate before the modulation point.

Abstract: A two-stage intensifier system for use in conjunction with a pressure-operable swing clamp or other pressure-operable device for supplying fluid pressure at a relatively low pressure to perform a first operation and thereafter to supply fluid pressure at a higher pressure to perform a second operation.

Abstract: A fluid pressure generator, such as a master cylinder, includes a housing with a bore for movably supporting a pair of pistons. The pair of pistons cooperate with the housing and with each other to substantially define a pair of pressure chambers which are communicated with respective brake assemblies. A first piston of the pair of pistons is movable within the housing to pressurize a primary pressure chamber and the second piston of the pair of pistons is movable in response to pressurized fluid within the primary pressure chamber so as to pressurize a secondary pressure chamber. The second piston carries a valve assembly and includes a passage to provide fluid communication between the secondary pressure chamber and its respective brake assembly.

Abstract: A fluid pulse smoother is described which receives pulses of fluid to provide a continuous drive for a workpiece. The pulse smoother receives a sequence of periodic fluid pulses, as from a pulse generator, and integrates or spreads each received fluid pulse over the time duration of each pulse. Consequently, a workpiece may receive a driving fluid flow which is continuous but whose rate of flow is substantially equivalent to the rate of fluid flow associated with the fluid pulses. Hence, the pulse smoother provides a fluid control system for converting a sequence of fluid pulses to a continuous fluid flow of a known volume and flow rate for precisely driving a fluid controlled workpiece.

Abstract: This invention relates to an hydraulic actuation system for poppet valves of internal combustion engines. In substance, the system replaces the valve guide and spring assemblies of conventional mechanisms with miniature hydraulic actuators wherein the valve stem now serves as the actuator shaft and the valve guide as the actuator body. The valve actuators are remotely driven in push-pull fashion by fluid supplied by complementary cam followers. As such, interconnecting hydraulic lines replace the push rods and rocker arms of conventional valve driven mechanisms.

Abstract: An apparatus for holding the speed of an engine to a fixed level with provision for increasing engine speed above that setting without losing the set point. A combination of piston and cylinder assemblies are joined together to control engine speed. An equipment attendant pressurizes one end of a closed hydraulic system to activate a hydraulic operator to change engine speed. Shutting an isolation valve, hydraulically locks that speed setting into the engine. With the isolation valve shut, a biased, bypass piston and cylinder assembly is activated to increase engine speed. The bypass piston and cylinder assembly is actuated by the same device used by the equipment attendant to pressurize the hydraulic system control initially.

Abstract: A synchronizer is provided for synchronizing the movements of two hydraulic actuators. The synchronizer consists of a two-piston pump which supplies hydraulic fluid to both actuators. The two pistons are mechanically connected so as to move simultaneously through equal distances, and on each complete stroke of the pump, each actuator receives fluid from both cylinders of the pump, so that both actuators receive precisely equal amounts of fluid.

Abstract: A twin-piston (e.g. tandem) master cylinder is provided for a split braking system having disc brakes on some wheels of a vehicle and drum brakes on others. A delay valve is incorporated in the master cylinder for the supply to the disc brakes, the delay valve having a valve member controlled by one of the master cylinder pistons to initially shut-off the supply of fluid to the disc brakes after the piston has moved a short distance. A plunger moves against a control spring to re-open the supply to the disc brakes above a predetermined pressure.

Abstract: A dual master cylinder has modular proportioners attached to an outlet from each pressurizing chamber. The master cylinder is shown installed in an X-split vehicle brake system. The master cylinder assembly includes a pressure failure warning device. The arrangement provides a minimum number of leak points, permits the master cylinder and the modular proportioners to be built and tested separately, and enhances serviceability since the modular proportioners can be separately replaced without removing the master cylinder. It also permits the master cylinder to be of a universal type with modular proportioners of various proportioning characteristics used in accordance with the particular vehicle application.

Abstract: A tandem master cylinder for a vehicle split hydraulic braking system which has disc brakes in one part of the system and drum brakes in the other half. One of the pistons in the master cylinder is prevented from developing a substantial pressure until a predetermined pressure is developed by the other piston by virtue of a control piston working in a blind bore in one of the pistons. Hydraulic fluid is trapped in a control chamber formed by the blind bore and the control piston by a first valve means and released by a second valve means at the predetermined pressure. The arrangement allows pressure to the disc brakes to be delayed while pressure to the drum brakes is overcoming the effects of the usual pull-off springs.

Abstract: A tandem master cylinder for a vehicle split hydraulic braking system which has disc brakes in one half of the system and drum brakes in the other. One of the pistons in the master cylinder is prevented from developing a substantial pressure until a predetermined pressure has been developed by the other piston by virtue of a quantity of fluid trapped in a control chamber by a control piston. First and second valve means control the pressure in the control chamber. The valve means include a plunger which initially moves against a first control spring to allow a valve member to seat and trap the fluid in the control chamber and subsequently moves away from the valve member under an increased pressure in the control chamber against a second control spring to release the trapped fluid.

Abstract: A dual system brake control valve for an automotive vehicle includes a main body having a pair of cylinder bores, a pair of inlets communicating with the cylinder bores each and a pair of outlets communicating with the cylinder bores each, the inlets being connected to a master cylinder for a dual system; a pair of stepped pistons slidably fitted into the cylinder bores, and each having bores communicating with the inlet and outlet, the stepped pistons each receiving a rightward pushing force due to the fluid pressure at the inlet, and a leftward pushing force due to the fluid pressure at the outlet; a spring guide contacting with the stepped pistons; a prestressed spring for pushing rightward the stepped pistons through the spring guide; and a pair of valves arranged in the bores of the stepped pistons, and put in the opened and closed conditions in response to the difference between the leftward pushing force to the stepped pistons each and the sum of the rightward pushing force and the tension force of the

Abstract: A device for controlling flow of fluid to and from a resilient inflatable cuff implanted about the urethra to control flow of urine therethrough. The device comprises a housing of rigid material that provides an expansible sealed chamber, a piston forming one wall of the chamber and spring pressed to a position for decreasing the volume of the chamber to thereby force fluid from the chamber to the cuff, manually operable means for moving the piston to another position for enlarging the chamber to permit deflation of the cuff by return of fluid to the chamber, and a flexible cover or envelope encapsulating the housing, piston and manually operated means.

Abstract: There is provided a wheel lock-up prevention device for compressed air operated brakes of a motor vehicle which includes a common control of the pressure in the brakecylinders of a given wheel axle. The control is accomplished by means of multi-position main valves which include magnetic pre-control valves with identical control magnets and with armatures having integral closure bodies. Furthermore, the valve bodies of the multi-position valves are substantially identical at least on their pressure side. The use of such simple and identical valves provides a modular-like construction making possible a selective 2-point or 3-point operation as well as a single-duct or a multi-duct embodiment of the wheel lock-up prevention device. Thus, during a functional test at the beginning of a trip, a dangerous and hence undesired release of the brakes when parked on an incline is prevented by means of the actuation of all of the magnets.

Abstract: A control valve assembly for a vehicle dual hydraulic braking system in which hydraulic fluid from a distributor chamber can be supplied to one or both of a pair of outlets for connection to brakes on opposite sides of a vehicle. The assembly incorporates a pressure control valve operable to supply fluid under pressure to the chamber from an outlet for connection to a pressure source, irrespective of whether one or both of two separate brake-applying valves are to be operated, and a one-way valve is located on the upstream side of the pressure control valve to prevent flow in a reverse direction. A back-up piston works in a bore in communication with the chamber, and is provided to pressurize fluid in the chamber after an exhaust valve has closed and a pressure control valve has opened.

Abstract: A tandem master cylinder assembly for use in split-type hydraulic brake systems of an automotive vehicle, comprising a fluid reservoir, a cylinder body having a cylinder bore communicable with the fluid reservoir through two ports formed in the cylinder body, primary and secondary pistons axially slidable as a single unit in the cylinder bore, a floating piston axially movable within the secondary piston and forming, jointly with the primary and secondary pistons, primary and secondary pressure chambers which are variable in volume depending upon the axial positions of the primary and secondary pistons relative to the cylinder body and the axial position of the floating piston relative to the cylinder body and to the secondary piston, and means to limit the distance of travel of the floating piston relative to the cylinder body.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling hydraulic pressure delivered to brake cylinders for rear wheels of a motor vehicle in dependence on load states and deceleration thereof comprises a first hydraulic chamber communicated with a master brake cylinder operable by a brake pedal, a second hydraulic chamber communicated with the brake cylinders for the rear wheels, a communication passage for communicating the first and second hydraulic chambers with each other, a ball valve disposed in the first hydraulic chamber and adapted to be displaced under inertia to close the communication passage, and a differential piston having pressure receiving regions exposed in the first and second hydraulic chambers for controlling the rate of increase in the hydraulic pressure within the brake cylinders for the rear wheels relative to the increase in the hydraulic pressure within the master cylinder.

Abstract: A two stage master cylinder having a bore with a first diameter and a second diameter separated by a shoulder. A first piston is located in the first diameter of the bore to establish a first chamber. A second piston has a first section located in the first diameter of the bore to establish a second chamber and a second section located in the second diameter of the bore to establish an actuation chamber therein. A first passage in the second piston connects the actuation chamber with the second chamber. A second passage in the second piston connects the first passage to a reservoir in the housing. A shuttle piston located in the first passage has a first surface area exposed to the second chamber and a second smaller surface area exposed to the actuation chamber. A spring urges the shuttle piston toward the second chamber. An input force from an operator moves the second piston causing fluid to flow from the actuation chamber through the first passage to the second chamber.

Abstract: A safety hydraulic brake system for automotive vehicles which includes a control cylinder having an inlet connected to a hydraulic pressure source, and first and second outlets connected to brake cylinders at front and rear wheels, respectively. A valve is located at each outlet and normally allows pressurization of the front and rear wheel cylinders upon actuation of the hydraulic pressure source. First and second pistons, each having a by-pass valve, are slidable in the control cylinder. The pistons and by-pass valves are operable, when there is a loss of brake pressure in the lines to one set of brake cylinders, to effect closing of the control cylinder valve to that brake cylinder set. This allows brake pressure to be maintained at the other set of wheel cylinders and the vehicle to be safely braked.

Abstract: A tube seat assembly for retaining a proportioning valve which is located in an outlet port of a master cylinder. The tube seat assembly has a cylindrical body with an axial bore having first, second and third diameter sections. A radial bore is located in the second diameter section adjacent a shoulder which separates the second and third diameter. A sleeve has a first diameter section concentric to said second diameter section of the axial bore and a second smaller diameter section which extends past the shoulder into the third diameter section of the axial bore. A seal surrounds the second diameter section of the sleeve and separates the second diameter section from the third diameter section of the cylindrical body. A spring connected to the cylindrical body urges the sleeve toward the shoulder in the axial bore.

Abstract: A master cylinder for a two-circuit brake system which includes anti-skid control has two separate chambers and pistons. The main control piston is surrounded by an auxiliary piston which it engages after a predetermined amount of travel. The auxiliary piston has an extension which holds the brake control valve and which is opened by the control piston during its travel. Furthermore, the second circuit cylinder includes a pressure sensor which can activate a warning when the piston travel is not in a predetermined relation to the applied fluid pressure.

Abstract: A tandem brake master cylinder has a proportioning valve between two pressure regions therein. The pressure in a second pressure region changes by a proportion of the change in a first pressure region at least over a part of the pressure range of the first pressure region.

Abstract: In a mineral mining installation employing a series of shifting rams for advancing a scraper-chain conveyor provided with a guide for a mining machine, a control system is used to provide a succession of small fluid doses to the rams. Control signals, preferably remotely generated, serve to actuate local valves to cause a selected one or group of piston and cylinder metering devices to alternately accept and expel pressure fluid from a working chamber. In this way a pre-determined volume of pressure fluid can be transferred to one or more of the rams to effect the shifting advancement. This volume of pressure fluid is made up from a succession of small fluid doses each a small fraction of the desired shifting distance so that by repeated cycles of the device or devices the ram or rams associated therewith can extend in fine defined increments.

Abstract: A vehicular hydraulic brake apparatus comprises a tandem master cylinder having front and rear sections respectively connected by independent front and rear wheel braking hydraulic circuits to front and rear wheel brake cylinders. The rear wheel braking hydraulic circuit is provided therein with a deceleration-responsive braking pressure control device having pressure inlet and outlet normally communicated with each other. The pressure control device has an inertia valve comprising a ball and a valve seat and a first differential piston both disposed between the pressure inlet and outlet. When the deceleration of an associated vehicle reaches a predetermined value, the ball is moved to close the valve for thereby interrupting the communication between the pressure inlet and outlet. In normal operative condition of the apparatus, the differential piston is operative to modulate the inlet pressure after the valve closure and transmit the modulated pressure to the rear wheel brake cylinders.

Abstract: A fluid motor having a housing with a stepped bore for retaining a first piston and a second piston. A sleeve is located in the stepped bore to permit the first piston and the second piston to be of substantially the same diameter. A plug attached to the housing holds the sleeve in the stepped bore. A spring attached to the sleeve holds the first piston against a stop. The spring acts on the sleeve to create a gap with a shoulder in the stepped bore. The second piston which is connected to the first piston through a linkage mechanism carries a concentric shuttle piston. The shuttle piston is subjected to a first hydraulic pressure created by the first piston and to a second hydraulic pressure created by the second piston. An indicator is connected to the shuttle piston and remains inactive when the first and second hydraulic pressures are substantially equal.

Abstract: A two-circuit master cylinder unit for brakes includes first and second cylinders and first and second pistons slidably received in the first and second cylinders, respectively. The first piston is actuated by an external force for pressurizing hydraulic fluid in the first cylinder. The second piston is exposed to a pressure which depends upon the pressure generated in the first cylinder. A shackle device which couples the first and second pistons to one another, allows a relative axial displacement of predetermined magnitude between the first and second pistons. A switching device is operatively connected to the shackle device and is actuated when the predetermined magnitude of relative displacement between the pistons is reached. A warning device is operatively connected to the switching device and responds when the switching device is actuated.

Abstract: A flow control apparatus for a brake master cylinder of a vehicle includes a valve chamber formed within a plug threadably secured to an outlet port of the master cylinder which is fluidically connected to the wheel cylinders of the vehicle, a flow control valve movably disposed within the valve chamber having projecting portions on one face of a flat portion thereof for providing a gap between the valve chamber wall and the valve in one end position of movement of the valve and a flow passage through the flat portion, a spring retainer secured within the inner end of the plug having a central opening for slidably receiving a central extension of the other face of the valve flat portion and a plurality of flow passages therethrough, and a compression spring between the other face of the valve portion and the spring retainer for normally maintaining the valve against the valve chamber wall with the projecting portions abutting thereagainst, whereby brake pedal depression and release alters the quantity of flui

Abstract: The invention relates to a master-cylinder having a two-part cylinder, one part being of narrower diameter than the other, and a two-part piston slidable in the cylinder. Two pressure chambers are defined by the cylinder and the piston. Advance of the piston reduces the volume of both. One, the high pressure chamber feeds an external pressure system, and is itself fed by the other chamber through a valve system during an initial phase of the piston stroke. In a later phase the feed from the second in the first chamber ceases and instead the second chamber feeds the fluid reservoir through a control valve. Pressure-transmitting means such as a rod is arranged between the high pressure chamber and the control valve to open the control valve when the pressure in the high pressure chamber exceeds a predetermined value.

Abstract: A device usable in a brake system including two independent hydraulic lines extending from a dual brake master cylinder to front and rear wheel brakes, respectively. The device is arranged across the two hydraulic lines midway thereof to serve the purposes of adjusting the fluid pressure ratio between the front and rear wheel brakes with a change in ratio of the vehicle load bearing on the front wheels to that on the rear wheels thereby to maximize the overall braking efficiency particularly in hard braking operations and of enabling the brake system to operate even with some fluid leakage, possibly occurring in either of the two hydraulic lines, to brake the vehicle effectively enough while at the same time warning the driver of the fluid trouble. The essential component parts, including a number of cooperating pistons and a valve associated therewith, are accommodated in a single cylinder casing and this structure renders the whole device particularly compact in size and simple in construction.

Abstract: A chamber of an actuating mechanism is hydraulically connected to the under-the-piston cavity of the cylinder adjacent to the housing of a pulsator. Built into the piston is a spring-loaded valve serving as a device for compensating for the leakage of liquid from the chamber and for protecting the latter against overload pressure. During the operating stroke of the piston, the valve is brought in contact with it by an eccentric, and in case the pressure is increased or it is necessary to compensate for the leakage of liquid, a clearance is formed between the valve and the piston for the liquid to pass the direction of the liquid flow being dependent on the pressure differential on the valve.

Abstract: The invention relates to a tandem master-cylinder for a split braking system of an automotive vehicle. The master-cylinder comprises two pressure chambers, the first one between the control piston and the floating piston and the second or front chamber before the floating piston. The first chamber communicates with a first outlet port which is connected to a second outlet port through a by-pass valve. The by-pass valve is secured to a tappet-rod projecting into the second chamber to be engaged by the floating piston, upon pressure failure in the second chamber and so that the by-pass valve is opened. The first outlet port is adapted to be connected to a set of brake actuators through a braking correcting valve while the second outlet port is adapted to be directly connected to said set of brake actuators.

Abstract: A dual master cylinder has a secondary piston which when actuated pressurizes fluid in two secondary chamber sections with one chamber section increasing pressure at a faster rate than the other as the piston is stroked. The piston has passage means therein interconnecting the two chamber sections, a proportioning valve mechanism in the passage means acting to proportion fluid pressure from the one chamber section to the other chamber section after a predetermined pressure differential exists in the two chamber sections. A shuttle piston also mounted in the secondary piston is responsive to pressure generated in the one secondary chamber section and in the primary pressurizing chamber between the primary and secondary master cylinder pistons.