Abstract: A master brake cylinder for a brake system of a vehicle having a master brake cylinder housing, a primary piston component, a secondary piston component, a primary spring device which is preloaded with a first preload force between the primary piston component and the secondary piston component, and a secondary spring device, which is preloaded with a second preload force between the secondary piston component and a wall component (of the master brake cylinder housing, with the second preload force of the secondary spring device being greater than the first preload force of the primary spring device. A brake device for a vehicle, a brake system for a vehicle, and a production method for a mater brake cylinder for a brake system of a vehicle are also described.

Abstract: A filling level sensing device for a liquid reservoir, in particular for a compensation tank of a vehicle brake system, includes at least one float, at least one sensor element connected to the at least one float, and at least two sensors for detecting the position of the at least one sensor element. The float may be designed to come into contact with the liquid in the liquid reservoir. At least one of the two sensors may sense a change in the filling level of the liquid reservoir depending on the position of the at least one sensor element relative to the at least two sensors.

Abstract: A rotating pumping apparatus is provided which may be employed in an automotive brake system. The rotating pumping apparatus includes a sealing member and a pressure member. The sealing member is disposed around a pump drive shaft. The pressure member includes a plate spring, a first rotation stopper, and a second rotation stopper. The first rotation stopper serves to stop the pressure member from rotating following rotation of the pump drive shaft. The second rotation stopper engages the seal ring to stop the sealing member from rotating following the rotation of the pump drive shaft. The plate spring works to elastically press the sealing member against a stopper wall of a pump casing to stop the sealing member from moving in an axial direction of the pump drive shaft.

Abstract: A master cylinder, for a clutch, actuating or brake system, comprising a cylinder housing with a piston bore, a piston in the piston bore with an end side facing a cylinder chamber and an afterflow opening leading from a piston skirt surface through a piston wall to the cylinder chamber at a distance from the end side, adjoining an afterflow space in a pressure equalization position of the piston where, in the pressure equalization position, hydraulic medium runs into the cylinder chamber to equalize the pressure, and an inner sealing element, arranged between the housing and the piston, limits the cylinder chamber, the afterflow space arranged between the sealing element and the piston skirt surface on a side of a sealing lip of the sealing element facing away from the cylinder chamber, and, in the pressure equalization position, the afterflow opening is located opposite an inner surface of the sealing element.

Abstract: A master cylinder for a hydraulic brake system or clutch system, in particular of a vehicle steered by handlebars, in particular of a bicycle, includes a housing containing a piston chamber. The housing accommodates a piston slidable therein and a pressure chamber. A compensating chamber communicates with the pressure chamber through at least one compensating bore. The housing has an attachment portion for attachment to a handlebar tube and the compensating chamber extends to the attachment portion and has a separating member for separating the hydraulic fluid from a compensating volume. The attachment portion has a clamping part made and arranged to attach the separating member to the attachment portion.

Abstract: The invention relates to a pressure medium container for a hydraulic motor vehicle brake system, having a housing, a filler opening, a closure element and at least one hydraulic connection to the hydraulic pressure medium supply of the motor vehicle brake system. The problem of the present invention consists in reliably managing a fluctuating pressure medium filling level while nevertheless providing a container of minimal overall size and simplifying motor vehicle maintenance. The proposed solution is to provide a structurally predetermined defined volume reservoir for receiving a pressure medium, which can be rendered hydraulically effective by arranging the closure element on the filler opening.

Abstract: Provided is a reservoir having first and second partitions. The first partitions partition a brake reservoir chamber and clutch reservoir chambers. The first partitions extend in a length direction of the vehicle and are formed uprightly along the sidewalls. The second partitions connect the first partitions and the sidewalls adjacent to the first partitions. The second partitions are formed uprightly at middle positions of the respective sidewalls in the length direction of the vehicle. The brake reservoir chamber and the clutch reservoir chambers are formed to face the sidewalls.

Abstract: A hydraulic brake booster includes: a piston housing; and a first piston and a second piston displaceably spaced apart from each other inside the piston housing in a longitudinal direction and sealed from an inner wall of the piston housing, the first piston being fixedly coupled to a pressure piston rod so that in an actuation the first piston exerts a fluid pressure on a first volume by way of one surface, and the second piston exerts the fluid pressure on a second volume by way of one surface. In the case of a failure of the brake booster, the first volume is connected with a variable volume situated between an annular surface of the first piston and an inner surface of the piston housing, so that when the pressure piston rod is actuated, a pressure equilibrium forms between the first volume and the variable volume.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electric disc brake capable of reducing noise and vibration while expanding the life span of the product. The electric disc brake includes a caliper housing to press friction pads provided at both sides of a disc against the disc, a cylinder installed in the caliper housing, a piston moving back and forth in the cylinder to press the friction pads, a driving device generating driving force with respect to the piston, and a volume compensation part communicated with the cylinder to compensate for an increment of a volume of the cylinder according to movement of the piston.

Abstract: A hydraulic system comprising a receiving body with electrohydraulic valve, with at least one hydraulic pump, and with channels for connecting the pump to at least one hydraulic load. A pulsation situation arises as a result of the delivery of a pressure medium by the pump and/or as a result of pressure medium being withdrawn by the load. At least one damping unit is provided, having a plurality of pulsation damping means such as, in particular, a damping chamber, and orifice. The hydraulic system provides a uniform and cost-effective solution for different operating situations and prevents a decrease in comfort. The damping unit has at least one switching means for adjusting the action of said damping unit to a varied pulsation situation by connecting or disconnecting one or more damping means.

Abstract: Hydraulic fluid is supplied from a hydraulic fluid supply opening to a hydraulic fluid supply portion. The hydraulic fluid in the hydraulic fluid supply portion is supplied to a primary hydraulic fluid storage chamber and to a secondary hydraulic fluid storage chamber via a hydraulic fluid supply passage. An oblong cylinder-shaped portion that has a chamber is formed between the hydraulic fluid supply opening and the hydraulic fluid supply portion. Further, a volume-augmented chamber forming portion that has a volume-augmented chamber that is communicated with the chamber is disposed in this oblong cylinder-shaped portion. In that case, at least part of the volume-augmented chamber is positioned above a MAX line of the hydraulic fluid.

Abstract: A bladderless reservoir tank is provided with a hollow body that forms a cavity for receipt of a working fluid. A pick-up tube is attached to the hollow body of the reservoir tank. A portion of the pick-up tube extends into the interior of the body such that a port of the pick-up tube is positioned at the centroid of the hollow body. The pick-up tube has a channel that extends from the port at the centroid to the exterior of the body of the reservoir tank.

Abstract: The invention relates to an assembly made of a compensating tank and a master cylinder for a hydraulic motor vehicle brake system, wherein the compensating tank has two fastening attachments, each with an opening, wherein openings align with an opening in the master cylinder, and the compensating tank is fastened by a detachable connection by a fastening pin that extends through the aligned openings. In order to improve the installation and possible dismantling of the fastening pin, and at the same time to maintain an optimized assembly weight, the invention proposes that the fastening pin be made of plastic and interact in a positive- or force-locking manner with at least one of the openings of the fastening attachments.

Abstract: A compact fluid accumulator both stores a relatively large amount of fluid and provides good fluid pressure stability. The accumulator includes a piston slidably disposed in a cylinder having a fluid inlet/outlet at one end which communicates with a first chamber and one face of the piston. Engaging the opposite face of the piston, and disposed in a second chamber, is a compression spring. The second chamber is filled with a gas which is at atmospheric pressure when the accumulator is relaxed. When pressurized hydraulic fluid fills the first chamber, the piston moves against the pressure of the spring and gas in the second chamber. The present invention thus provides an accumulator having the relatively small size of a gas filled accumulator without the leakage problem of a super-atmospheric gas charge—the extra force being provided by the compression spring.

Abstract: Provided is a reservoir having first and second partitions. The first partitions partition a brake reservoir chamber and clutch reservoir chambers. The first partitions extend in a length direction of the vehicle and are formed uprightly along the sidewalls. The second partitions connect the first partitions and the sidewalls adjacent to the first partitions. The second partitions are formed uprightly at middle positions of the respective sidewalls in the length direction of the vehicle. The brake reservoir chamber and the clutch reservoir chambers are formed to face the sidewalls.

Abstract: A reservoir capable of shortening a time period required to fill a brake system and a clutch system with a fluid with vacuuming in a case where the reservoir has a brake reservoir chamber to be connected to a brake master cylinder of the brake system and a clutch reservoir chamber to be connected to a clutch master cylinder of the clutch system. The reservoir (12) includes a brake reservoir chamber (28) and an inlet port for injecting the brake reservoir chamber (28) with a fluid from outside. The reservoir further includes a clutch reservoir chamber (29) separated from the brake reservoir chamber (28), and a communication passage (37) providing communication between the inlet port and the brake reservoir chamber (28). The communication passage is branched so as to communicate with the clutch reservoir chamber (29).

Abstract: The invention relates to a control valve for a vehicle brake system having a first fluid connection, a second fluid connection, and a decompressed connection toward the atmosphere. An adjustment spring applies a spring force to a control piston moving in longitudinal direction on the decompressed side, the control piston completely releasing a fluid connection between the first fluid connection and the second fluid connection in an initial position, and to a corresponding vehicle brake system having such a control valve. According to the invention the control valve includes a valve body having a seal seat and a sealing element coupled to a control piston. A sealing region of the sealing element interacts with the seal seat of the valve body in order to limit an effective pressure present on the second fluid connection to a predetermined maximum pressure value. The effective diameter of the control piston is greater than or equal to an effective diameter of the sealing element.

Abstract: A method for providing a controlled force to a dynamic system includes applying a force to a first actuator, transmitting the force from the first actuator to a second actuator through a closed fluid path containing a captured volume of fluid, and providing, via the second actuator, a controlled force to the dynamic system.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hydraulic unit of a vehicle hydraulic brake system having a hydraulic block, a storage unit, and a holding unit. The storage unit is inserted into the hydraulic block, and the holding unit is adjusted for holding the hydraulic block locally fixed to an associated vehicle. The storage unit is constructed with a holding surface which forms a section of the outer side of the hydraulic unit, and the holding unit engages with the holding surface of the storage unit in order to hold the hydraulic block locally fixed above the storage unit. Furthermore, the invention also relates to a storage unit where one outer surface of the storage unit which forms an outer side of the hydraulic unit is constructed as a holding surface for attaching the hydraulic block in the vehicle.

Abstract: A slave cylinder (50) for a vibration-damped hydraulic force transmission system, particularly a hydraulic clutch actuating system for motor vehicles is disclosed, comprising a cylinder housing (52), a piston (56) received therein to be longitudinally displaceable and a pressure chamber (60) which is bounded by the cylinder housing and the piston and which can be selectably acted on by a pressure medium, by way of a pressure connection (66) provided in the cylinder housing, in order to displace the piston in the cylinder housing. An insert member (68) which is inserted in the pressure chamber and secured in the pressure connection and which is equipped with a device (70) for reducing pressure pulses, the device being constantly open to the pressure medium, is additionally provided. As a result, the vibration-damping measures or means are integrated in the slave cylinder in a particularly economic and space-saving manner.

Abstract: A hydraulic system for aircraft operating devices provides a secondary pressure source for direction and deceleration control in case of loss of pressure from a primary pressure source. The system includes multiple pressure accumulators that include a primary accumulator, which supplies pressurized fluid to a first actuator, and first and second secondary accumulators, which supply pressurized fluid to second and third actuators, respectively. If the primary accumulator is disabled, the first secondary accumulator will supply pressurized fluid to the first actuator. If the first secondary accumulator is disabled, the second secondary accumulator will supply pressurized fluid to the second actuator. By providing multiple, substantially independent accumulators, direction and deceleration control is maintained even in the event of loss of the primary accumulator.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hydrostatic drive comprising a first and a second hydraulic pump (11, 12) and a dual-acting hydraulic cylinder (2). The dual-acting hydraulic cylinder (2) comprises a first working chamber (7) and a second working chamber (8). The first working chamber (7) is defined by a first piston surface (4) of a working piston (3) and the second working chamber (8) is defined by a second piston surface (5) of the working piston (3). The first working chamber (7) is connected to a first connection (13) of the first hydraulic pump (11) and a first connection (14) of the second hydraulic pump (12). The second working chamber (8) is connected to a second connection (16) of the second hydraulic pump (12). A second connection (15) of the first hydraulic pump (11) is connected to a hydraulic fluid reservoir.

Abstract: Brake master cylinder (10) for a motor vehicle, of the type which comprises a substantially axial body (12) inside a bore (14) of which is slideably mounted at least one axial piston, of the type in which the bore (14) comprises two seals, front and rear, interposed between the piston and the bore (14), characterized in that it comprises at least one wide groove (66, 68) which is formed in the bore (14) in front of a groove (70, 72) for retaining the front seal, which extends at least in part around the piston, and which communicates with said retaining groove (70, 72) and the hole in the piston, in order to allow resupplies to occur with a high flow rate.

Abstract: A hand tool device incorporates a fluid operated mechanism actuable by a plunger pressurizing a reservoir to force fluid past a valve to a fluid filled cylinder accommodating a piston carrying a contact member for clamping a work piece in the manner of a wrench. Continued operation of the plunger increases the pressure applied to the work piece.

Abstract: A hydraulic apparatus such as a bleeder screw comprises an inner end, an outer end, and a main body extending between the inner end and the outer end. The main body includes a first section having a threaded outer peripheral surface a second section disposed between the first section and the inner end. The second section has a smaller diameter than the threaded outer peripheral surface of the first section, and an axial length of the threaded outer peripheral surface is less than an axial length of the second section. An internal fluid passage opens through an outer peripheral surface of the second section at a location between the inner end and the threaded outer peripheral surface, and the internal fluid passage opens through the main body at a location between the threaded outer peripheral surface and the outer end.

Abstract: A master cylinder includes a cylinder body, primary cups supported on the inner periphery of the cylinder body, and a primary piston and a secondary piston inserted in the cylinder body so as to be in sliding contact with the respective primary cups. The cylinder body is integrally formed with annular walls behind the respective primary cups. The annular walls have a greater inner diameter than the inner diameter of the cylinder body to define annular passages between the annular walls and the respective pistons. Connecting passages having a greater radial dimension than the annular passage are defined between the inner periphery of the cylinder body and the respective pistons behind the respective annular walls so as to communicate with a reservoir. While the master cylinder is not actuated, piston ports formed in the respective pistons communicate with the reservoir through the respective annular passages and connecting passages.

Abstract: A fluid transmission system adapted to provide a controlled force to a dynamic system includes a controller, a drive system coupled to the controller and to a path having a captured amount (mass) of fluid contained therein and an interface coupled to the captured fluid path.

Abstract: A compact hydraulic cylinder may include a pressure chamber and a reservoir in coaxial, in-line arrangement relative to one another. The pressure chamber and reservoir are separated from one another in use by a piston and hydraulic seal. The piston may be withdrawn to a position in which the pressure chamber and reservoir are in fluid communication through a channel formed in the wall of the cylinder, which may be used for bleeding the pressure chamber. The piston may include a actuator shaft that extends through the reservoir. A follower adjacent the distal end of the shaft seals the reservoir from the exterior of the cylinder.

Abstract: A pulsation dampening apparatus and a clutch master cylinder used for a hydraulic clutch operation system which has a hydraulic circuit. The apparatus has a housing which has a dampening chamber in the hydraulic circuit and a dampening assembly accommodated in the housing. The dampening assembly includes a working unit which dampens pulsations generated in the dampening chamber in the hydraulic circuit, an elastic retainer preloaded between the housing and the working unit to fasten the working unit into the housing by exerting a reaction force onto the working unit, and a force conversion mechanism which increases the reaction force of the elastic retainer in accordance with an urging force transmitted from the working unit to the elastic retainer.

Abstract: A device for transmitting a displacement of an actuator to a setting element comprises two pistons that delimit two transmission chambers and a compensation chamber with a housing. The compensation chamber is hydraulically connected to the two transmission chambers. The transmission chambers transmit a displacement of the first piston in order to effect a displacement of the second piston. The compensation chamber serves as a reservoir for the transmission medium with which the transmission chambers are filled. The compensation chamber is delimited by an elastomer ring. The elastomer ring depicts a simple and economical realization with which it is possible to subject the compensation chamber to the action of pressure and to change the volume of the compensation chamber at the same time. In a preferred embodiment, the elastomer ring is externally subjected to the action of a tension force via a pressure ring.

Abstract: An expansion reservoir is disclosed, which has a fluid chamber defined by a reservoir bottom and a flexible reservoir top movable relative to the reservoir bottom as a function of the reservoir filling level, wherein a hydraulic connection to a master cylinder is provided at the reservoir bottom while the reservoir top comprises a substantially liquid-tight but air-permeable connection to the atmosphere, in order to allow pressure compensation between an air volume left in the filled fluid chamber and the atmosphere. The hydraulic connection to the master cylinder comprises an extension protruding into the fluid chamber, which extension defines a predetermined volume V in the fluid chamber which is larger than the air volume left in the filled fluid chamber. In addition thereto, the reservoir top may take the form of a rolling lobe bellows, which comprises a plurality of wall portions substantially concentric at least in the undeformed state.

Abstract: A brake fluid reservoir (10) for a motor vehicle having at least one impervious and flexible wall (12) whose capacity is adjusted to the volume of brake fluid contained therein to avoid placing the reservoir at a depression with a drop in the level of brake fluid. The flexible wall (12) forms a pouch containing brake fluid and has an outlet arrangement (16) that is initially closed by an impervious membrane (32) that is punctured to supply brake fluid to a second reservoir (20) connected to a brake system.

Abstract: A master cylinder having a housing with first and second bores that are connected to a same circuit in a braking system. A first piston is sealingly retained in the first bore to define a first chamber and a second piston is sealingly retained in the second bore to define a second chamber. The first piston has of a first cylindrical member that is connected to a second cylindrical member by a shaft. The shaft includes an actuation and a retraction ramp that terminate at an apex. An input force applied to the second cylindrical member is directly applied through the shaft to the first cylindrical member and through the actuation and retraction ramps to the second piston to respectively communicate fluid simultaneously to the same circuit.

Abstract: A clutch hydraulic actuator system having a vibration damper provided in the system between a master cylinder and a slave cylinder of the system. The damper includes a housing, an elastomeric diaphragm, and a spring steel diaphragm. The upper face of the elastomeric diaphragm is in fluid communication with hydraulic fluid in the system so that the elastomeric diaphragm may deflect in response to low frequency vibrations transmitted through hydraulic fluid in the system to effect damping of the low frequency vibrations. The spring steel diaphragm is positioned in the system generally parallel to and proximate the lower face of the elastomeric diaphragm so as to form a back up for the elastomeric diaphragm so that the elastomeric diaphragm may deform against the spring steel diaphragm in response to intermediate frequency vibrations transmitted through the hydraulic fluid to cause deflection of the spring steel diaphragm to effect damping of the intermediate frequency vibrations.

Abstract: A brake master cylinder having a bore with a front portion for receiving and guiding a piston and arranged forward of a front sealing arrangement. The sealing arrangement includes at least one groove that establishes communication between a front chamber and a reservoir to allow, as the piston retreats towards its position of rest, the resupply of fluid through a radial supply duct from the reservoir.

Abstract: The present invention is an improved reservoir cap for a braking fluid reservoir including a cylindrical skirt for surrounding an opening of the reservoir body, a disc portion having a hard stop formed unitarily with the cylindrical skirt for closing the reservoir fill opening, and a plurality of teeth formed unitarily about the hard stop for securing an elastic member. The elastic member is disposed about the teeth of the reservoir cap and secured thereto. The elastic member defines ridges disposed circumferentially about its center. Between the ridges and the center of the elastic member is a channel, which in turn defines a pair of openings which permit the flow of excess fluid through the elastic member, thereby reducing the possibility of fluid overflow, and thus preventing excess brake fluid from permeating the reservoir cap and leaking into the engine compartment of a vehicle.

Abstract: An expansion reservoir is disclosed, which has a fluid chamber defined by a reservoir bottom and a flexible reservoir top movable relative to the reservoir bottom as a function of the reservoir filling level, wherein a hydraulic connection to a master cylinder is provided at the reservoir bottom while the reservoir top comprises a substantially liquid-tight but air-permeable connection to the atmosphere, in order to allow pressure compensation between an air volume left in the filled fluid chamber and the atmosphere. According to the invention, the hydraulic connection to the master cylinder comprises an extension protruding into the fluid chamber, which extension defines a predetermined volume V in the fluid chamber which is larger than the air volume left in the filled fluid chamber. In addition thereto, the reservoir top may take the form of a rolling lobe bellows, which comprises a plurality of wall portions substantially concentric at least in the undeformed state.

Abstract: A hydraulic clutch actuator system having a vibration damper provided in the system between a master cylinder and a slave cylinder of the system. The damper includes an elastomeric diaphragm and a spring steel diaphragm. One face of the elastomeric diaphragm is in fluid communication with hydraulic fluid in the system so that the elastomeric diaphragm may deflect in response to low frequency vibrations transmitted through hydraulic fluid in the system to effect damping of the low frequency vibrations. The spring steel diaphragm is positioned in the system generally parallel to and proximate the other face of the elastomeric diaphragm so as to form a back-up for the elastomeric diaphragm so that the elastomeric diaphragm may deform against the spring steel diaphragm in response to high frequency vibrations transmitted through the hydraulic fluid to cause deflection of the spring steel diaphragm to effect damping of the high frequency vibrations.

Abstract: A master cylinder that can sufficiently compensate for an ineffective fluid amount at an initial stage of a stroke, even at a time of sudden braking in a case where a hydraulic control unit is disposed between the master cylinder and a brake device, is provided. The master cylinder includes a control valve that releases hydraulic pressure in a large diameter pressurizing chamber to a reservoir side when the hydraulic pressure in the large diameter pressurizing chamber reaches a fluid-release pressure corresponding to hydraulic pressure introduced via a branched flow path that branches from a communication flow path that connects a hydraulic control unit and a small diameter hydraulic chamber. An aperture is disposed in the branched flow path for introducing the hydraulic pressure to the control valve.

Abstract: A device is disclosed to reduce vibrations in a hydraulic force transfer system which has a master cylinder and a slave cylinder connected with this via a fluid column. The device has a housing and a membrane attached by its edge to the housing. The housing and the membrane delimit a chamber which can be connected via a connection with the master cylinder and via a further connection with the slave cylinder so that the membrane can be hydraulically pressurized by the fluid column between the master cylinder and slave cylinder. According to the invention the membrane is pressed, at least in the rest state of the hydraulic force transfer system, by means of a spring element against the direction of the hydraulic pressure on the membrane against a chamber-side support surface. The result is a simply constructed device to reduce vibrations in a hydraulic force transfer system.

Abstract: In diaphragm compressors diaphragm heads with oil spaces of high energy content (pressure×volume) have a strongly negative influence on the operating response of the oil overflow valve. The reaction of the valve leads to undesirably long open times causing more oil to flow out than brought in by an oil compensation pump, and causing many strokes to occur during which the diaphragm is no longer moved to its dead point. Accordingly not all compressed gas is pushed out of the compressor, which is connected with a rapid lowering of the suction efficiency. This problem is solved by the invention in that a throttle mechanism is arranged inside or outside of the oil space which lowers the oil pressure inside of the conductor to the oil overflow valve during the process in question and creates a constant differential pressure within the viscosity band of the oil.

Abstract: A device is disclosed to reduce vibrations in a hydraulic force transfer system which has a master cylinder and a slave cylinder connected with this via a fluid column. The device has a housing and a membrane attached by its edge to the housing. The housing and the membrane delimit a chamber which can be connected via a connection with the master cylinder and via a further connection with the slave cylinder so that the membrane can be hydraulically pressurized by the fluid column between the master cylinder and slave cylinder. According to the invention the membrane is pressed, at least in the rest state of the hydraulic force transfer system, by means of a spring element against the direction of the hydraulic pressure on the membrane against a chamber-side support surface. The result is a simply constructed device to reduce vibrations in a hydraulic force transfer system which can easily be adapted in respect of response behavior and volume increase to the requirements in each case.

Abstract: A liquid reservoir, particularly for use in an hydraulic system. The reservoir includes a container and a cover cap, and it is intended for containing an hydraulic pressure medium. A pressure equalization component is provided within the container for compensating for pressure differences between the interior of the container and the surrounding atmosphere, and a level compensation component is provided for compensating for changes in the volume of the pressure medium. The pressure equalization component is functionally separate from the level compensation component.

Abstract: A clutch hydraulic actuator system having a vibration damper provided in the system between a master cylinder and a slave cylinder of the system. The damper includes an elastomeric diaphragm and a spring steel diaphragm. One face of the elastomeric diaphragm is in fluid communication with hydraulic fluid in the system so that the elastomeric diaphragm may deflect in response to low frequency vibrations transmitted through hydraulic fluid in the system to effect damping of the low frequency vibrations. The spring steel diaphragm is positioned in the system generally parallel to and proximate the other face of the elastomeric diaphragm so as to form a backup for the elastomeric diaphragm so that the elastomeric diaphragm may deform against the spring steel diaphragm in response to high frequency vibrations transmitted through the hydraulic fluid to cause deflection of the spring steel diaphragm to effect damping of the high frequency vibrations.

Abstract: A pneumatic operator for an air switch is provided. The operator is used to deliver at pulse of relatively high pressure air to an air switch, such as an air switch which would be commonly used in a spa bath or spa pool installation to operate a pump. The operator has a cylindrical plunger within which is provided a stationary body and an O-ring on an outer surface of the stationary body provides a seal between the stationary body and the plunger. Depression of the plunger expels the air from the apparatus to operate an air switch. When the plunger is returning to its original position, the seal can move to allow air from the surrounding environment to enter the space between the plunger and the stationary body.

Abstract: A brake fluid pressure generating device includes a master cylinder piston slidably disposed in a cylinder body, a pressure chamber and a power chamber formed in the cylinder body, a master cylinder that generates a master cylinder fluid pressure in response to operation of a brake pedal, a supplemental fluid generator that generates a power fluid pressure, a fluid regulator that regulates the power fluid pressure to a regulator fluid pressure in response to operation of the brake pedal, a pressure increase valve that controls communication between the supplemental fluid generator and the power chamber, and a pressure release valve that controls communication between the power chamber and a reservoir tank.

Abstract: A master cylinder (12) and pedal feel emulator (10) useful in a brake-by-wire system. A bore (18) of the master cylinder contains three pistons (22, 34, and 28), in tandem, that divide the bore into various zones (26, 24, 32, 30). The emulator contains a piston (74) that divides a bore (72) into two zones (76, 78), and a spring (80) disposed in one of those zones. The zones of the emulator are hydraulically communicated in certain ways with zones of the master cylinder to enable the emulator to be effective during brake-by-wire controlled braking to displace the emulator piston to compress the emulator spring, thereby emulating pedal feel that occurs during hydraulic braking.

Abstract: A hybrid brake system for a vehicle propelled at least by a rotating electric motor powered by a storage battery and in communication with at least one ground-engaging wheel. The hybrid brake system includes a vehicle braking control device and an electrical brake system including the electric motor and the battery, the battery providing an electrical load on the motor during times when the vehicle braking control device is actuated. Rotation of the motor during actuation of the vehicle braking control device provides electrical power to the battery, whereby the battery receives an electrical charge. The motor rotation is slowed by the electrical load, whereby the vehicle is braked by the motor. The hybrid brake system also includes a mechanical brake system including a hydraulic cylinder, a piston sealably and slidably disposed therein and partially defining with the cylinder a chamber of variable volume, the pressure of the fluid in the chamber varying with movement of the piston in the cylinder.

Abstract: A hydraulic control apparatus having a master cylinder, a slave cylinder, and a conduit connecting the master cylinder to the slave cylinder is constituted as separate modular units interconnected by a quick connect coupling including a female coupler member and a male coupler member. In addition to providing part of the quick connect coupling between the modular units the female coupler member is provided with a bleed system to facilitate removal and addition of hydraulic fluid to the system as required in relation to initial manufacturer and installation and in relation to field maintenance.

Abstract: A damper for use with a hydraulic actuator of the type including a master cylinder and a slave cylinder with a conduit interconnecting the outlet of the master cylinder and the inlet of the slave cylinder. The damper is positioned in the conduit between the master cylinder and the slave cylinder and includes a housing member defining a chamber opening in one face of the housing member and a mounting bracket plate. The mounting bracket plate includes a housing portion corresponding in size and configuration to the one face of the housing member and is positioned against the one face of the housing member to coact with the housing member to seal the chamber. The bracket plate further includes a bracket portion extending outwardly from the housing portion in the form of mounting arms which are utilized to facilitate mounting of the damper to a fixed vehicle structure.