Abstract: A turbocharger system includes a compressor driven by a turbine and a mixing device so connected that a portion of the outlet of the compressor is mixed with a portion of the exhaust gas of the combustion engine and is used to power the turbine. In one form the mixing device is an ejector and in another form, the compressor, turbine and mixing device are a unitary structure. Also described is a turboejector and a system is which a heat exchanger is used to preheat the compressor air prior to admixture with the engine exhaust gas. Various forms and structures are described.

Abstract: An apparatus for turbocharging an internal combustion engine, and which is characterized by the ability to avoid excessive heat transfer to the bearings and any other heat sensitive components. In the preferred embodiment, the lubricating oil for the bearings in the turbocharger housing is directed through a passageway in the bearing shaft and is discharged onto the end wall of the bearing housing in a circular pattern, to thereby cool the end wall and minimize heat transfer from the turbine to the bearings in the housing. Also, the end wall of the bearing housing is spaced from the adjacent rear wall of the turbine housing to define a cooling air gap therebetween, and apertures are provided in the housing for permitting air to flow through the cooling gap to cool the opposing surfaces of the two adjacent walls and thereby minimize heat transfer therebetween.

Abstract: A combustor system for use with a turbocharged combustion engine comprises a combustor connected for continuous passage of engine exhaust gases. The combustor system includes a relatively low pressure fuel injection system for atomizing fuel for combustion in a substantially vitiated atmosphere, a fuel control system for supplying fuel to the combustor in response to engine operating conditions, and a heat exchanger for preheating compressed bypass air prior to supply thereof to the combustor.

Abstract: The invention uses the supersonic blast occurring when the exhaust is opened in an internal combustion engine having a variable volume combustion chamber.A transfer conduit is provided between the exhaust pipe and the intake pipe, the volume of this conduit being greater than the cubic capacity of the cylinder, as well as a supply channel and a discharge channel, of a smaller section than the conduit, between this latter and the combustive air intake manifold and the burnt gas exhaust manifold.The invention applies principally to supercharged diesel engines with low compression rate.

Abstract: A bypass control apparatus for turbocharged internal-combustion engines, comprising an actuating cylinder for the bypass valve of the bypass control apparatus, wherein the pressure of a hydraulic fluid in the actuating cylinder is controlled by a volume flow which is proportional to the engine speed. The hydraulic fluid is returned into a hydraulic tank through a throttle line or pipe containing a fixedly adjustable throttle. The throttle line branches off a hydraulic line or pipe at a location upstream of the actuating cylinder.

Abstract: A bypass control apparatus for turbocharged internal-combustion engines, comprising an actuating cylinder for a bypass valve of the bypass control apparatus, wherein the pressure of a fluid medium or fluid in the actuating cylinder is controlled by fixed throttles and throttles adjustable by the boost air pressure arranged in the fluid supply and discharge pipes or lines.

Abstract: A turbocharger system for supplying charge air to a combustion engine includes a nonventilated hydraulic turbine mounted directly on the turbocharger shaft, and an auxiliary combustor mounted in-line between the engine and the turbocharger. The nonventilated hydraulic turbine is selectively driven by a high pressure hydraulic fluid to drive the turbocharger for supplying air to the auxiliary combustor, which in turn supplementally drives the turbocharger throughout a broad range of engine operation to provide additional air flow to the engine when required.

Abstract: A cylinder-piston internal combustion engine which includes at least two single or two two-stage exhaust gas turbochargers which together and in parallel supply the cylinder of the internal combustion engine with charging air when there is a large supply of exhaust gases from the internal combustion engine. When there is a small amount of exhaust gases available, at least one of the exhaust gas turbochargers is adapted to be switched off so as to increase the charging pressure. A check valve is disposed in a suction line of a compressor of the exhaust gas turbocharger which is adapted to be switched off with the check valve allowing a flow of air in a suction line of the compressor in a direction of the compressor but prevents a flow of air in an opposite direction.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a turbocharged low compression ratio diesel engine. An air by-pass is connected in parallel with the engine and is operable to by-pass a portion of the compressor output around the engine and into the exhaust manifold. A control is connected in the by-pass to regulate the amount of by-passed air, the control operating in response to the compressor output. The by-pass further includes means for heating the air flowing to the turbine to aid fuel combustion in the engine cylinders.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine of the expansible chamber type and preferably a diesel engine is equipped with a turbo-compressor unit, comprising at least one compressor and at least one turbine, and at least one bypass pipe enabling direct and permanent passage for the air delivered through the compressor to the turbine inlet.The diesel engine is supercharged by the compressor driven by the turbine. Regulating means are provided to limit the rotary speed of the supercharging unit so that it operates at or above a minimum threshold value such that the engine, which has a compression ratio of less than 12, can be started and kept running at low power without difficulty.

Abstract: A power unit comprises an internal combustion engine adapted for operating with natural induction, supercharged by a turbine-compressor unit receiving the exhaust gases of the engine. The compressor supplies air to the engine through an intake pipe provided with an atmospheric air inlet closed by a check valve in operation under load. The power of the engine is controlled by a power control member movable by an operator between a maximum power position and an idling position. An inlet valve, placed in the air inlet of the compressor and movable between an open position and a closed position, is biased towards closure by the power control member when the latter is moved towards its idling position. A locking member responsive to air pressure at the outlet of the compressor cooperates with said inlet valve to prevent its closing as long as the air pressure at the outlet of the compressor is greater than a predetermined threshold.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine and a method of operating the same, which engine includes a supercharger having an exhaust gas turbine and a charging air compressor with a charging air line supplying charging air to the internal combustion engine. A bypass line is provided for connecting the charging air line with the exhaust gas line and a combustion chamber is disposed in one of the exhaust gas line and the bypass line. A return line for recycling exhaust gases branches off from the line in which the combustion chamber is disposed and a connecting line is provided for connecting the exhaust gas line with the charging air line. Arrangements are provided for at least one of selectively restricting and blocking at least one of the charging air line, bypass line, exhaust gas line and return line.

Abstract: A combustor system for use with a turbocharged combustion engine comprises a combustor connected for continuous passage of engine exhaust gases. The combustor includes an integrated fuel control and purge system for supplying fuel to the combustor in response to engine operating conditions, and for purging fuel from the system when the combustor is shut down.

Abstract: A system comprising an engine with a low pressure ratio having an inlet and outlet; a turbocompressor consisting of a turbine having its exhaust side connected with the engine outlet via a gas line, and a compressor having its inlet side connected via an air line with the engine inlet, which turbine and compressor are mounted on a common shaft. A combustion chamber is incorporated in a line communicating with the air and gas lines and provided with a fuel system. An air control valve and a fuel control valve are arranged to control the delivery of air and fuel into the combustion chamber. This is connected to a turbocompressor speed control circuit intended to maintain a predetermined speed during prestarting to provide independent operation of the turbocompressor and the combustion chamber. The turbocompressor speed control circuit is connected with an engine speed pickup.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine of the expansible chamber type and preferably a diesel engine is equipped with a turbo-compressor unit, comprising at least one compressor and at least one turbine, and at least one bypass pipe enabling direct and permanent passage for the air delivered through the compressor to the turbine inlet.The diesel engine is supercharged by the compressor driven by the turbine. Regulating means are provided to limit the rotary speed of the supercharging unit so that it operates at or above a minimum threshold value such that the engine, which has a compression ratio of less than 12, can be started and kept running at low power without difficulty.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine with exhaust gas turbocharger, according to which in the lower partial load range of the engine for purposes of increasing the temperature of the air charge exhaust gas from an exhaust gas conduit is through a connecting line admixed to the compressed air charge, and according to which in the full load range a portion of the compressed air charge is through a connecting line passed from an air charge pressure line into the exhaust gas conduit ahead of the exhaust gas turbine. Ahead of where the connecting line leads into the air charge pressure line, there is provided an air charge cooler which by means of a thermostatic control controls the charge air of the internal combustion engine to a predetermined temperature.

Abstract: A supercharged engine is provided with a by-pass pipe through which all the air from the compressor which is not absorbed by the engine flows towards the turbine through an auxiliary combustion chamber. There is provided a system for supplying fuel to the combustion chamber, comprising means for regulating the flow rate of fuel supplied to the auxiliary chamber so as to prevent the supercharging pressure falling below a set value; in which power unit the regulating means comprise sensing means sensitive to the quantity of fuel injected per cycle into the engine so that each value of the said quantity of fuel is made to correspond to a particular set value of supercharging pressure.

Abstract: A controllable bypass conduit connects the compressor with the exhaust or discharge system and this bypass conduit communicates there in a range of lower pressure on a combustion machine having working chambers formed with a discharge turbo charger. The bypass conduit communicates into a mixing zone of a pulse converter embodied as an underpressure zone.

Abstract: A supercharged internal combustion engine having an exhaust gas turbocharger which includes an exhaust gas turbine and a charging blower driven by the exhaust gas turbine. A secondary air pump is associated with the internal combustion engine for afterburning of the exhaust gases with a regulating valve, controlled by the combustion air pressure, being effective to supply secondary air from the secondary air pump into either the exhaust gas line upstream of the exhaust gas turbine or discharging of the secondary air into the atmosphere in dependence upon the combustion air pressure.

Abstract: A diesel engine is supercharged by a compressor driven by a turbine which receives the exhaust gas of the engine. A bypass pipe permits the air delivered by the compressor and not taken by the engine to flow to the turbine. Means for impressing to the air flow in the by-pass a pressure drop which is substantially independent of the rate of flow and increases when the output pressure of the compressor increases comprises an air balanced throttle member in the by-pass and separate control means.

Abstract: A power unit comprises a Diesel engine supercharged by a turbocompressor which has a turbine receiving the engine exhaust gases. A by-pass pipe conveys the air not absorbed by the engine from the compressor to the turbine with a pressure drop which is independent of the flow rate and increases with the compressor outlet pressure. An auxiliary combustion chamber upstream of the turbine receives the air which has travelled through the by-pass. A throttle is disposed in the path of the supercharging air to the engine and is automatically actuated so as to maintain the flow rate of air absorbed by the engine at a value below the flow rate supplied by the compressor under low load conditions.

Abstract: A power unit comprises an internal combustion compression ignited engine having variable-volume combustion chambers and supercharged by a turbocompressor having a turbine which receives the engine exhaust gases. A bypass pipe which is permanently open during operation of the engine returns the air not absorbed by the engine to the turbine with a pressure drop which, if appreciable, is independent of the flow rate and increases with the compressor outlet pressure. The power unit comprises a heat exchanger between the gas flow leaving the turbine and the air flow leaving the compressor. An air cooler is disposed in the path of the air travelling from the heat exchanger to the engine.

Abstract: A hydrogen generator provides hydrogen rich product gases which are mixed with the fuel being supplied to an internal combustion engine for the purpose of enabling a very lean mixture of that fuel to be used, whereby nitrous oxides emitted by the engine are minimized. The hydrogen generator contains a catalyst which must be heated to a pre-determined temperature before it can react properly. To simplify the process of heating up the catalyst at start-up time, either some of the energy produced by the engine such as engine exhaust gas, or electrical energy produced by the engine, or the engine exhaust gas may be used to heat up air which is then used to heat the catalyst.

Abstract: A power plant comprises an internal combustion engine, (Diesel engine), a compressor for supercharging the engine and a turbine for driving the compressor. The turbine is fed in parallel by the exhaust conduit of the engine and by a passage communicating with the compressor outlet. The passage is divided into two parallel arms. The first arm has a throttle. The second arm is connected to the primary zone of an auxiliary combustion chamber via orifices of a cross-section such that the pressure drop produced between the upstream and downstream ends of the orifices of the second arm is the same as the pressure drop produced between the upstream and downstream ends of the throttle of the first arm. The combustion chamber is fed by a fuel supply system entering the primary zone in the region of the turbulence produced in this zone by the arrival of air through the orifices, so that a complete and stable combustion is achieved in the auxiliary combustion chamber.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with an improvement in a turbocharger system for an internal combustion engine having an exhaust manifold and an intake manifold adjacent to the engine. The turbocharger system includes a turbine communicating with the exhaust manifold and driven by gases therefrom. The turbine drives a compressor and has an output which communicates with the intake manifold. A fuel burner chamber forms a part of the turbocharger system, said fuel burner chamber having an input for receiving compressed air, an output through which expanded gases pass and a spark igniter. The turbocharger system further includes means communicating the output of the compressor to the input of the fuel burner chamber, means communicating the output of the fuel burner chamber into and through the exhaust manifold, means for supplying a variable quantity of fuel from a fuel reservoir to said burner chamber and means responsive to intake manifold pressure to vary the quantity of fuel delivered to the burner.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for operating an internal combustion engine equipped with an exhaust gas turbo-supercharger and with a combustion chamber which supplies additional gas to the exhaust gas turbine; during idling of the internal combustion engine, the combustion chamber is operated at such partial output that with lowest possible fuel consumption of the combustion chamber, an increased starting-supercharged air-pressure, as necessary for as favorable a load acceptance behavior as possible, will establish itself in the supercharged air lines whereas during the acceleration of the internal combustion engine, the output of the combustion chamber is increased for a rapid increase of the supercharged air pressure in the supercharged air line in order to attain a spontaneous load acceptance behavior of the internal combustion engine; during a further increase of the supercharged air pressure in the supercharged air line, initiated by the increasing exhaust gas supply with an increasing internal combustion engin

Abstract: A power plant in which a turbine is driven by the combustion products of hydrocarbon fuel, air under superatomspheric pressure, and the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine. Air is supplied by a compressor which is driven by the turbine.

Abstract: A power plant comprises a compression ignition internal combustion engine supercharged by a turbo-compressor set the turbine of which is supplied in parallel through the exhaust duct of the engine and through a by-pass passage starting from the compressor and provided with an auxiliary combustion chamber. The power plant comprises also a recycling duct one end of which is located between the downstream end of the auxiliary combustion chamber and the turbine inlet and the other end of which is disposed in the compressor intake duct. The recycling duct is closed once the compressor can, without recycling, produce upstream of the engine conditions for spontaneous ignition.

Abstract: An auxiliary combustion chamber for use with a supercharged Diesel engine comprises a fuel injection and spraying device adapted to operate with delivery rates which are variable within a broad range. The device has a fuel injection port which opens into the chamber. The size of the port is such that the fuel is mechanically atomized when injected at the maximum rate. Air passage nozzles open into the combustion chamber at a location close to the port and deliver air jets at a speed and at a delivery rate sufficient for it to atomize the fuel effectively at minimum fuel delivery rate.

Abstract: For improving idling and low load operation of a low compression supercharged combustion engine provided with a continuously open bypass at low ambient temperature, recycling of exhaust gas is provided. A branch pipe recycles part of the combustion gas delivered by an auxiliary combustion chamber fed by the bypass to the driven gas inlet of an ejector diffuser located between the compressor and the intake manifold of the engine.

Abstract: A four-stroke compression-ignition engine is supercharged by a compressor driven by a turbine. The turbine is fed in parallel by the exhaust manifold of the engine and by a passage provided with an auxiliary combustion chamber upstream of the exhaust manifold. The inlet and exhaust manifolds of the engine have distributing valves adapted to open these manifolds simultaneously during each transfer phase (exhaust plus inlet phase). The inlet and exhaust manifolds have a throttle to make gases heated by the auxiliary combustion chamber flow back into the cylinders of the engine in order to assist self-ignition.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine of the expansible chamber type and preferably a diesel engine is equipped with a turbo-compressor unit, comprising at least one compressor and at least one turbine, and at least one bypass pipe enabling direct and permanent passage for the air delivered through the compressor to the turbine inlet.The diesel engine is supercharged by the compressor driven by the turbine. Regulating means are provided to limit the rotary speed of the supercharging unit so that it operates at or above a minimum threshold value such that the engine, which has a compression ratio of less than 12, can be started and kept running at low power without difficulty.

Abstract: Method and device for cleaning an exhaust gas-driven power turbine of a supercharging set of an internal combustion engine, wherein washing liquid under pressure is fed during the washing periods into injection nozzles fitted onto the inlet ducts for exhaust gases on said turbine and a compressed gas is fed into said injection nozzles outside of the washing periods.

Abstract: A supercharging system for a vehicle having an internal combustion engine comprises a shaft carrying a gas turbine rotor at one axial end and a centrifugal air compressor rotor at the other axial end. A pair of bearings mounting the shaft for rotation in a housing are adapted to be attached to the vehicle, the housing at one axial end a turbine nozzle ring and a turbine exhaust ring cooperable with the turbine rotor, and having at the other axial end an axially located compressor inlet member and a radially located compressor outlet member cooperable with the compressor rotor. The turbine nozzle ring is adapted to be connected to the exhaust manifold of the engine and the compressor outlet member is adapted to be connected to the intake manifold of the engine thereby supercharging the same.

Abstract: Diesel engines, equipped with a turbocompressor unit with a combustion chamber upstream of the turbine, comprising a by-pass duct enabling direct and permanent passage between the outlet of the compressor of the turbocompressor unit and said combustion chamber, comprise in addition, for the starting of the turbocompressor unit, a starting device comprising pressure difference generating means. These means are positioned in the by-pass duct in the midst of the air-flow between the compressor and the turbine and arranged to create a flow in the direction of the turbine of the turbocompressor unit. The pressure difference generating means may be constituted by a blower driven by an electric motor, or by an injector supplied with air under pressure and generating a flow by the effect of induction.