Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an arrangement in connection with a piston engine provided with a turbocompressor. In the method, combustion air from the engine is pressurized by the compressor of the turbocompressor, pressurized combustion air is humidified, fuel is combusted in the cylinder of the engine by means of combustion air and the exhaust gases generated during the combustion are conveyed by means of combustion air to the turbine of the turbocompressor. A partial flow is separated from the pressurized combustion air flow, conveyed past the engine and combined with the exhaust gas flow going to the turbine.

Abstract: A variable capacity supercharger for an internal combustion engine is provided with a turbine having an exhaust-side movable vane mechanism for changing the cross-sectional area of a flow path of exhaust gas introduced into a turbine wheel by open-close operation of a movable vane, a compressor having an intake-side movable vane mechanism for changing the cross-sectional area of a flow path of intake air delivered from a compressor wheel by open-close operation of a movable vane, and a drive mechanism having an actuator used in common by the exhaust-side movable vane mechanism and the intake-side movable vane mechanism to perform open-close operation of the movable vane of each movable vane mechanism as transmitting operation of the actuator to both of the movable vane mechanisms.

Abstract: One embodiment includes a combination including a secondary air pump; and a first control valve constructed and arranged to control flow of air into the secondary air pump from one or more lines connected to the first control valve; and/or a second control valve constructed and arranged to control flow of air from the secondary air pump through one or more lines connected to the second control valve. The combination being particularly useful in a system including a combustion engine.

Abstract: Various systems and method for heating an engine in a vehicle are described. In one example, intake air flowing in a first direction may be heated via a gas-to-gas heat exchange with exhaust gases. The heated intake air may then be used in a subsequent gas-to-liquid heat exchange to heat a fluid circulating through the engine. In another example, intake air flowing in a second direction may be heated via a heat exchange with exhaust gases in order to cool an exhaust catalyst.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for operating a vehicle including an engine comprising a turbocharger including a compressor and a turbine. The engine further includes a bypass path configured to selectively route gas from downstream of the compressor to upstream of the turbine. In one embodiment, the method comprises selectively increasing gas flow to the engine by adjusting gas flow through the bypass path from downstream of the compressor to upstream of the turbine. In this manner, the performance of the engine may be adjusted for various operating conditions.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having an air intake section (2) which has an air intake line (3), having an exhaust section (4) which has an exhaust line (5), and having at least one exhaust-gas turbocharger (6) which has a compressor (7) in the air intake line (3) and a turbine (8) arranged in the exhaust line (5), characterized by a controllable bypass arrangement (9) which has an air supply line (10) which, as viewed in the flow direction (R) of the intake air, opens into the air intake line (3) down-stream of the compressor (7).

Abstract: A variable capacity exhaust gas turbocharger having a small thermal capacity and enabling the structure to be simplified. A exhaust gas inlet hardware (13) having an exhaust gas inlet body (11) in which an inner side flow passage (U1) communicating with an inner scroll passage (T1) and an outer side flow passage (U2) communicating with an outer scroll flow passage (T2) are formed and a flap valve (12) for opening and closing the outer side flow passage (U2) are formed at the exhaust gas inlet part of a turbine housing body (14) in which the inner scroll passage (T1) and the outer scroll flow passage (T2) are formed. A valve recess (11a) for disposing the flap valve (12) along the outer side flow passage (U2) and a seat (11b) for the flap valve for closing the outer side flow passage (U2) are formed in the exhaust gas inlet body (11).

Abstract: A method for providing air to a combustion chamber of an engine, the engine including a compressor and a boost tank selectably coupled to an intake manifold. The method includes varying a relative amount of engine exhaust in air pressurized in the boost tank based on engine operating conditions, and discharging the air pressurized in the boost tank to the intake manifold.

Abstract: A method of operating an engine system includes compressing intake air, restricting exhaust flow from the engine via a flow restriction device, and supplying compressor air to a compressed air subsystem of the engine during restricting exhaust flow. Supplying of compressor air may occur by selectively actuating a pressure control device to fluidly connect an inlet of a compressed air subsystem with the compressor. An associated machine and engine system include a compressor, a flow restriction device, a compressed air subsystem and a pressure control device to selectively fluidly connect the compressed air subsystem with the compressor when the flow restriction device is in a relatively more closed configuration.

Abstract: A supercharged engine has a charge air intake and an engine exhaust outlet, a positive displacement supercharger connected to the air intake, a charge air and bypass control valve comprising a rotary body throttle valve including a rotary valve body, a primary air passage and a separate bypass air passage each extending through the rotary body. The primary air passage is fully open in a first rotary position of the rotary body wherein the bypass air passage is closed, and the bypass air passage is fully open in a second rotary position wherein the primary air passage is closed. Airflow through the passages varies in an inverse manner as the rotary body is rotated between the first and second positions, whereby airflow through the control valve is controlled with a single actuator movable through the full range of positions and airflow through the primary and bypass passages is inversely varied.

Abstract: An intake system is provided for a barrel internal combustion engine. The intake system includes a main air inlet, an intake plenum for a plurality of combustion cylinders, a first throttle, a second throttle and a control unit. The first throttle is operative to control a flow of air from the main air inlet, through a charging unit, and to the intake plenum. The second throttle is operative to control a flow of air from the air inlet to the intake plenum. The control unit controls the operation of the first and second throttles in supercharged or normally aspirated modes, where the first throttle operates as a main throttle and the second throttle is closed in the supercharged mode, and where the first throttle is closed and the second throttle operates as the main throttle in the naturally aspirated mode.

Abstract: An EGR mixer comprises an upstream conduit section having a contracting flow area in a direction of air flow through the mixer, a downstream conduit section having an expanding flow area in the direction of air flow through the mixer, a slot formed in the downstream conduit section for admitting exhaust to the air flow, and an abrupt flow-expanding ridge disposed between the upstream and downstream conduit sections. With the EGR mixer configured in this manner, recirculated exhaust may be effectively homogenized into an intake air flow with reduced drag.

Abstract: A screw compressor type supercharger includes an improved supercharger bypass valve including a spring biasing the bypass valve towards an open position. The spring may be a compression spring integrated into a bypass valve diaphragm, an extension spring extending parallel to a diaphragm arm, or a torsion spring on a bypass valve butterfly shaft. The spring is selected and installed to hold the bypass valve open at all vacuum levels and at up to one PSI of boost, and then to allow the bypass to close between one PSI and six PSI boost, and to be closed at above six PSI boost. The resulting control of the bypass valve prevents damage to the supercharger.

Abstract: A two-stage turbocharger assembly for an internal combustion engine is provided. The assembly has a low pressure turbocharger, and more than two high pressure turbochargers arranged in parallel with each other. The compressor outlet of the low pressure turbocharger is operatively connected to the compressor inlets of the high pressure turbochargers. The turbine outlets of the high pressure turbochargers are operatively connected to the turbine inlet of the low pressure turbocharger.

Abstract: A method of operating an internal combustion engine system includes passing exhaust gases from an engine to an aftertreatment device such as a particulate filter at an exhaust temperature less than a target temperature, and increasing a temperature of exhaust gases passing through the aftertreatment device to the target temperature by controllably restricting exhaust flow upstream the filter. The method still further includes generating a signal indicative of exhaust back pressure and reducing exhaust pressure by selectively reducing airflow to the engine responsive to the signal. An internal combustion engine system and associated control system includes an electronic control unit configured to selectively increase a temperature of exhaust gases passing through a particulate filter to a regeneration temperature via a variable flow restriction device.

Abstract: A method of operating a turbocharged engine of a motor vehicle, the engine having a cylinder which undergoes a compression stroke. The method includes advancing an ignition spark in the cylinder by a first amount relative to top dead center of the compression stroke at a first barometric pressure for a given engine speed and load, and advancing the ignition spark by a second, lesser amount relative to top dead center of the compression stroke at a second, lower barometric pressure, for the given engine speed and load.

Abstract: A method of operating an engine having a turbocharger and a high pressure EGR system is provided. A recirculation valve of the turbocharger's compressor is adjusted along with the throttle at different airflow conditions.

Abstract: An engine (1) has an exhaust manifold (12) provided with a communicating portion (25B) of a bypass line (25) from an air-supply side and a branch portion (31A) to an EGR line (31). When an exhaust gas outlet (13) is provided in an intermediary of the exhaust manifold (12) in a longitudinal direction along an engine cylinder line, the communicating portion (25B) of the bypass line (25) and the branch portion (31A) of the EGR line (31) that are provided on the exhaust manifold (12) are provided on both sides in the longitudinal direction sandwiching the exhaust gas outlet (13) and spaced apart from each other so that a part of the exhaust gas is pushed by an air supply fed from the bypass line (25) is pushed to enter the EGR line (31).

Abstract: An engine provided with a variable parallel supercharging system (9) comprising a first supercharger (10) which is driven by exhaust gas which flows in a first exhaust gas route (41) and which pressurizes intake air which flows in a first intake air route (3) and also comprising a second supercharger (20) which is driven by exhaust gas which flows in a second exhaust gas route (42) and which pressurizes intake air which flows in a second intake air route (4), a supercharging pressure sensor (63) for detecting the pressure of the pressurized intake air, a first supercharger rotation sensor (61) for detecting the rotational speed of the first supercharger (10), a second supercharger rotation sensor (62) for detecting the rotational speed of the second supercharger (20), a first variable actuator (14) for adjusting the capacity of the first supercharger (10), a second variable actuator (24) for adjusting the capacity of the second supercharger (20), and a control device for controlling each of the variable actua

Abstract: Engine load for a supercharged engine is estimated by determining airflow upstream of a throttle valve that is upstream of a supercharger, subtracting a value representative of a change in air mass between the throttle valve and the supercharger based on a measured change in pressure between the throttle valve and the supercharger, and subtracting a modification value dependent upon a current engine speed and a signal representative of a pressure at the intake manifold.

Abstract: A particulate filter regeneration system regenerates a particulate filter provided in an exhaust line of an engine equipped with a turbocharger by burning matter trapped on the particulate filter by raising the temperature of exhaust gas at times that the particulate filter requires regeneration. The system has an electric motor functioning as an intake quantity regeneration portion capable of increasing the flow rate of compressed air without depending on the flow rate of exhaust gas flowing across a turbine of the turbocharger, a bypass line connecting an engine intake line upstream of the engine to a section of the exhaust line upstream of the particulate filter, a flow rate regulation valve regulating the flow rate in the bypass line, and a control portion controlling the electric motor and the flow rate regulator.

Abstract: A method of determining and regulating a mass flow rate exhaust gases recirculated into an engine is disclosed. The method may comprise directing the exhaust gases through a venturi and sensing a differential exhaust pressure across the venturi. The method may further include sensing an absolute exhaust pressure at the venturi, and sensing a temperature of the exhaust gases. The method may further include determining the mass flow rate of the exhaust based on the sensed differential fluid pressure, absolute fluid pressure, and temperature.

Abstract: A method for controlling combustion in a combustion chamber of a turbocharged engine is described. The method includes admitting to the combustion chamber prior to ignition a first amount of exhaust from an intake manifold of the engine, the first amount changing at a first rate in response to a changing engine load. The method also includes retaining in the combustion chamber prior to the ignition a second amount of exhaust from the combustion chamber, the second amount changing at a second rate, greater than the first rate, in response to the changing engine load.

Abstract: In a control device for an internal combustion engine having a turbocharger with a variable turbo flow rate, and an intake valve provided with a variable valve mechanism, mirror cycle operation is performed. The control device includes a device which calculates an intake air quantity per unit time and an intake air quantity per cycle on the basis of torque required to the internal combustion engine. The turbocharger is controlled so that, with the calculated intake air quantity per unit time, supercharging pressure is further increased in a range in which the ratio of exhaust pressure to supercharging pressure is equal to or less than a predetermined value. A further device, which controls the variable valve mechanism on the basis of the supercharging pressure and the calculated intake air quantity per cycle.

Abstract: A method and a device for regulating the boost pressure of an internal combustion engine having a compressor, which set a setpoint boost pressure in a rapid manner and without overshooting. An actuator is provided by which the boost pressure of the compressor is set. An actuating variable for the actuator is determined as a function of a rotational speed of the compressor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing compressed air and for injecting the same in an internal combustion engine, in particular a diesel motor, comprising an exhaust turbocharger. The method has the following steps: determination of operating parameters of the internal combustion engine to identify operating states of the internal combustion engine; production of compressed air by the internal combustion engine using the determined operating parameter in an operating state without combustion and storage of the produced compressed air; and injection of the stored compressed air into the combustion engine using the determined operating parameter in an operating state with combustion of the internal combustion engine in order to increase the pressure in an induction cycle. The invention also relates to a corresponding device.

Abstract: A boost system for an engine is described. In one example, the boost system provides air to an engine cylinder via a converging-diverging valve seat. The system can reduce turbocharger lag during some conditions.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a throttle opening degree of a diesel engine with a supercharger is disclosed. The apparatus includes an electronic control unit having functions of detecting section, a computing section, a correcting section, and a correction limiting/inhibiting section. The detecting section detects the atmospheric pressure, and the computing section computes an atmospheric pressure correction value with respect to the throttle opening degree based on the detected atmospheric pressure. The correcting section corrects the throttle opening degree in accordance with the atmospheric pressure correction value. When the degree of separation of an actual charging pressure from a target charging pressure in the supercharger is les than a predetermined value, the correction limiting/inhibiting section limits or inhibits correction of the throttle opening degree in accordance with the atmospheric pressure correction value.

Abstract: A fluid control system for an engine is disclosed. The fluid control system may have a first fluid control component, a second fluid control component, and a controller in communication with the first and second fluid control components. The controller may be configured to determine an operational change associated with the first fluid control component to achieve desired operation of the engine. The controller may also be configured to determine an effect the operational change will have on performance of the second fluid control component, and adjust operation of the second fluid control component to accommodate the effect substantially simultaneously with implementation of the operational change.

Abstract: There is described an exhaust gas turbocharger which comprises a compressor and a turbine having an adjusting drive for adjusting a turbine geometry. A performance characteristic is determined depending on a turbine output, a mass flow through the turbine and a gas temperature upstream of the turbine. A mass flow characteristic is determined depending on the mass flow through the turbine and the gas temperature upstream of the turbine and a gas pressure downstream of the turbine. Depending on the performance characteristic and the mass flow characteristic, an adjuster position of the adjusting drive for adjusting the turbine geometry is determined using a characteristic diagram. For control, an adjusting signal for controlling the adjusting drive is determined depending on the adjuster position for adjusting the turbine geometry. For diagnosis of the exhaust gas turbocharger, the exhaust gas turbocharger is diagnosed depending on the adjuster position.

Abstract: The air flow inhaled into the internal combustion engine is calculated based on the operation state of the electric motor, the operational state of the bypass valve and the signal of the intake air flow sensor. Immediately after the bypass valve is opened when the electric motor is running, the air flow inhaled into the internal combustion engine may be calculated by acquiring the bypass air flow through the bypass passage and using the acquired bypass air flow to correct the intake air flow measured from the signal of the intake air flow sensor. Based on the calculated air flow inhaled into the internal combustion engine, control parameters which concern the output power of the internal combustion engine are adjusted.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for increasing the torque of a reciprocating piston internal combustion engine, is described. The method and device includes compressing air from a charge air line or from a second air inlet by using the charge air compressor, storing the air compressed by the charge air compressor in a storage device, and blowing, in a timed manner, blow air which is stored as compressed air in a storage device into the cylinder through an inlet valve of the cylinder, thereby increasing the torque of the engine.

Abstract: A diesel engine comprises a plurality of cylinders (2), an inlet duct (4), an exhaust duct (6), a turbocharger (8, 10) and a supercharger (14), the turbocharger being of variable output type and including a turbine (8) in the exhaust duct (6) and a supercharger (14) being of variable output type and situated in the inlet duct (4) between the compressor wheel (10) and the cylinders and being electrically driven or mechanically driven by the engine. The engine also includes a first sensor (25) arranged to produce a signal indicative of the speed of the engine, a second sensor (27) arranged to produce a signal indicative of the load to which the engine is subjected and a third sensor (26) arranged to produce a signal indicative of the pressure in the inlet duct (4) downstream of the supercharger (14). The sensors (25, 27, 26) are connected to a controller (29) which is also connected to the turbocharger and the supercharger and is arranged to vary their output independently.

Abstract: In an engine braking method and an internal combustion engine including an engine braking arrangement, wherein the engine has high pressure and low pressure exhaust gas turbochargers connected in series, with a bypass (12) around the high-pressure compressor allowing the air mass flow selectively to bypass the high pressure compressor which is arranged near the engine, and bypasses around both turbines permitting the exhaust gas mass flow selectively to bypass the high-pressure exhaust gas turbine which is near the engine and also the low pressure turbine the intake air and the exhaust gas flow are controlled so as to accurately provide for a desired engine braking power for example for maintaining a desired vehicle speed.

Abstract: A control system for operating vanes of a turbocharger turbine (16T) and for operating a turbine-shunting bypass valve (22) according to a strategy wherein a processor executes an algorithm for selectively unenabling the control system to operate the bypass valve when the control system is operating the vanes to adjust exhaust back-pressure on the engine within a range of effectiveness for the vanes to control the exhaust back-pressure and enabling the control system to operate the bypass valve when the control system has operated the mechanism to a limit of the range of effectiveness.

Abstract: A method to control a gas engine system is disclosed, whereby the engine can be operated with an air-fuel-ratio controlled with high precision, even in using a low calorific fuel-gas that is prone to vary in calorific value; the engine system includes: a first gas line toward each cylinder via a first gas valve from a gas supply source line, the first gas valve regulating flow rates of the fuel-gas through a gas compressor on the line; a second gas line toward suction air, the line being branched from the gas supply source line and the line being provided with a gas air mixer and a second gas valve on the line. In the case when the fuel-gas is of a low calorific value or where the output of the engine is high, a part of the fuel-gas is supplied to the engine through the first and second lines.

Abstract: An exemplary mixer includes a cylindrical wall having a center axis, a substantially tubular wall defining a volute oriented about the center axis, an inlet to the volute, an exit to the volute provided by one or more openings in the cylindrical wall wherein the volute imparts a tangential velocity component to gas exiting the volute and a mount to mount the mixer to an inlet to a compressor wherein the tangential velocity component imparted by the orientation of the volute is in the intended direction of rotation of a compressor wheel of the compressor. Such a mixer can improve compressor stability, especially where the gas is exhaust gas for exhaust gas recirculation. Other methods, device, systems are also disclosed.

Abstract: A low pressure EGR valve is controlled by mixing EGR gas into an intake air. Steps of the method include detecting temperature and pressure of an intake air passing through an air cleaner, detecting temperature and pressure of the intake air at a downstream side of an intercooler, detecting temperature and pressure of an EGR gas at an upstream side of an EGR cooler, determining a control duty of the low pressure EGR valve on the basis of the detected temperature and pressure of the air passing through the air cleaner, the detected temperature and pressure at the downstream side of the intercooler, and the detected temperature and pressure at the upstream side of the EGR cooler, and controlling the low pressure EGR valve based on the determined control duty. An apparatus for executing the method is also provided.

Abstract: A turbocharged engine includes an internal combustion engine and a turbocharger powered by engine exhaust flow from the internal combustion engine to supply the engine with compressed intake air. The turbocharged engine further includes a turbocharger booster system with a dry low emissions burner. The burner fluidly communicates with an exhaust manifold of the engine and is operable to inject a combustion gas flow into the engine exhaust flow. The hot combustion gas flow is operable to increase the exhaust energy available to the turbocharger and thereby increase the output of compressed intake air.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a turbocharged internal combustion engine (ICE) system having fast response to increased power demand and reduced response time lag. The system includes a vortex tube for delivering cold air into the turbocharger compressor where it may be used to cool the impeller, and/or accelerate the impeller rotational speed, and/or favorably shift the compressor surge line at low speeds and high loads. Cold air from the vortex tube may be also used to operate an ejector pump in the intake duct which further compresses intake air and increases engine charge weight during periods of high power demand. In addition to increasing engine output power, delivery of cold air into engine intake also reduces engine pre-ignition (knocking) thereby reducing emissions. The invention also relates to a method for operating a turbocharged internal combustion engine.

Abstract: An opening of a waste gate vale is adjusted to control an actual supercharging pressure of intake air. Abnormality in a changing characteristic of the actual supercharging pressure relative to a change in a TCV control duty value can be detected. When an engine is in a steady operation condition, the TCV control duty value is forcibly changed repeatedly by a predetermined amount from 0% to 100%. A deviation between a target supercharging pressure corresponding to the TCV control duty value and an actual supercharging pressure is calculated each time the TCV control duty value is changed by the predetermined amount. This deviation is compared with an abnormality determination value to determine presence/absence of the abnormality in the changing characteristic of the actual supercharging pressure relative to the change in the TCV control duty value.

Abstract: An engine (21) having an engine exhaust temperature control arrangement includes an engine having an intake (23) and an exhaust (25), a compressor (27) having an inlet (29) and an outlet (31), a conduit (33) between the compressor outlet and the engine intake, a recirculation conduit (35) between the compressor outlet (31) and the compressor inlet (29), and a valve (37) for controlling flow through the recirculation conduit (35). A method for controlling engine temperature, a method for controlling engine exhaust gas temperature, and a method for controlling, engine intake gas temperature are also disclosed.

Abstract: A device and method for supplying fresh air to a turbocharged piston internal combustion engine are described. According to the invention, a fresh gas line section of an intake manifold has an adjustable flap, and inlet and outlet ports. An adjustment device is coupled to the flap for adjusting the flap. A compressed air port having an opening leading into a chamber of the fresh gas line between the flap and the outlet is provided, and a quantity regulating device with a valve to control the compressed air is also provided. An electronic control unit controls the quantity regulating device and the adjustable flap, so that the fully opened position of the flap corresponds to a fully blocked position of the quantity regulating device.

Abstract: A method for monitoring and diagnosing an air charger system for use in an engine assembly having pre-existing sensors, having the steps of providing an air charger having a turbine and a compressor operatively coupled to one another. Providing a control unit for monitoring a plurality of operating conditions of the engine assembly. The control unit calculates an expected value of a selected operating condition based upon at least another of the plurality of operating conditions. Comparing the expected value and at least another of the plurality of operating conditions. Diagnosing a fault condition, if present, based upon the expected value and said at least another of said plurality of operating conditions being outside a predetermined tolerance.

Abstract: A system of an internal combustion engine which is induced by an air flow amplifier via a turbine and centrifugal compressor, one side of which is mechanically and pneumatically connected to the turbine and the other side with an air intake of the internal combustion engine. The operation of the engine induction system can be enhanced by using an intercooler that supplies a cooled primary flow of compressed air to the air amplifier. The use of the engine induction system without a turbocharger and, hence, without hot exhaust gases, makes it possible to utilize light magnesium alloys for parts of the turbine and compressor and thus to reduce the weight of the system as a whole.

Abstract: An air induction system for an engine is disclosed. The air induction system has a compressor operable to compress air directed into the engine, a bypass valve, and a throttle valve. The bypass valve may be disposed between the compressor and the engine and may have a valve element movable to selectively divert a portion of the compressed air away from the engine in response to a desired air-to-fuel ratio of the engine. The throttle valve may be disposed between the bypass valve and the engine and may have a valve element movable to selectively restrict the flow of compressed air into the engine in response to a desired air-to-fuel ratio of the engine. The movements of the valve elements of the bypass and throttle valves may be substantially sequential.

Abstract: An apparatus, system, and method are disclosed for preventing turbocharger overspeed in a combustion engine. The method includes determining a turbocharger error term as a difference between a nominal turbocharger maximum speed and a current turbocharger speed. The method further includes determining a turbocharger speed derivative with respect to time. The method includes calculating a turbocharger control response based on the turbocharger error term and the turbocharger speed derivative with respect to time. The turbocharger control response may be a modified turbocharger maximum speed calculated by determining a reference speed multiplier based on the turbocharger error term and the turbocharger speed derivative with respect to time, and multiplying the reference speed multiplier by the nominal turbocharger maximum speed. The method thereby smoothly anticipates turbocharger transient events, and prevents an overspeed condition of the turbocharger.

Abstract: A method for operating an internal combustion engine includes compressing intake air using a compressor, supplying the compressed intake air to at least one combustion chamber of the engine, operating the at least one combustion chamber to output exhaust gas, and directing the exhaust gas to an inlet of a turbine configured to drive the compressor. The method also includes directing the exhaust gas from an outlet of the turbine to an exhaust system, bypassing at least a portion of the compressed intake air around the at least one combustion chamber, and adjusting a geometry of the turbine from a first configuration to a second configuration. The turbine is in the second configuration when the at least the portion of the compressed intake air is bypassed around the at least one combustion chamber.

Abstract: A control system and method that compensates for changes in backpressure of an engine includes a pressure sensor that senses the backpressure. A boost compensation module that communicates with the pressure sensor, determines an averaged BC factor, and adjusts a variable geometry turbo based on the averaged BC factor.

Abstract: A turbocharger for an internal combustion engine comprising: a turbine driven by exhaust gas from the engine; a compressor for supplying compressed air to the engine, the compressor including an impeller driven by the turbine; an arrangement upstream of the impeller suitable for directing air such that it is swirling in a rotational sense on reaching the impeller; and control means arranged to control said arrangement such that as the speed of the impeller approaches a predetermined maximum speed limit the arrangement directs air such that it is swirling in the opposite rotational sense to that in which the impeller is being driven by the turbine.