Abstract: A piston internal-combustion engine, with an exhaust gas collector and a charge air collector, having a supercharging operation, has at least three exhaust gas turbochargers fastened next to one another to the side wall of a gas-tight box. The exhaust gas collector of the engine is connected with a first exhaust gas inlet of a first exhaust gas turbine of a first exhaust gas turbocharger. The first exhaust gas turbocharger is centrally located among the three exhaust turbochargers and an exhaust gas flow divider is rotatably arranged on the first exhaust gas outlet such that, in a first position, the exhaust gas flow divider connects the first exhaust gas outlet of the central exhaust gas turbocharger with the second exhaust gas inlets of the two adjacent exhaust gas turbochargers and, in a second position, the exhaust gas flow divider connects the first exhaust gas outlet of the central exhaust gas turbocharger directly to an exhaust pipe.

Abstract: A turbocharger drive system associated with an internal combustion engine includes a plurality of turbochargers drivable by exhaust gases from the engine, a plurality of rotary electric machines mounted on the rotatable shafts, respectively, of the turbochargers and operable as electric motors or generators, and a single rotary electric machine coupled to the rotatable shaft of the engine. When the engine rotates at a low speed and under a high load, the rotary electric machine coupled to the engine shaft operates as an electric generator to generate electric power to drive the rotary electric machines mounted on the turbocharger shafts as electric motors, so that the boost pressure is increased to increase the output power of the engine. Since the multistage turbochargers are power-assisted by the respective rotary electric machines, the boost pressure builds up sharply.

Abstract: A turbo-charged internal combustion engine having the cylinders communicating with exhaust passages that merge into common outlets that are disposed midway between the exhaust passages and which lie in a common plane. A cooling jacket encircles these exhaust passages and is divided by a wall into upper and lower portions.

Abstract: An air and fuel supply control system for an internal combustion engine comprises a plurality of superchargers including a turbosupercharger, an intake air cutoff valve operative selectively to be open and closed respectively for opening and closing one of separated intake passages in which a compressor of the turbosupercharger is disposed, an intake air relief valve operative selectively to be open and closed respectively for opening and closing a relief passage provided for detouring the compressor of the second supercharger, a cutoff valve controller operative to control the intake air cutoff valve to be closed so that the turbosupercharger is restrained from supercharging the engine and to be open so that the turbosupercharger works for supercharging the engine, a relief valve controller operative to control the intake air relief valve to be closed before the intake air cutoff valve is opened and to be open after the intake air cutoff valve is closed, an air flow sensor for detecting intake air mass flow

Abstract: An arrangement for boost control either has a pressure sensor and a differential-pressure sensor, the pressure sensor being connected to one of two suction paths of an internal combustion engine and the differential-pressure sensor being located between the two suction paths, or the device possesses a single pressure sensor 18 which is switched alternately to the first suction path 11.1 and to the second suction path 11.2 by means of a change-over valve 24.These arrangements and the associated methods make it possible to control to the same predetermined pressure in the two suction paths with a high degree of accuracy. This is because there is no possibility of a systematic error which, in previous arrangements and methods, arose from the fact that the pressures in the two suction paths were measured by separate pressure sensors. However, different pressure sensors in a simple version indicate different values at the same pressures.

Abstract: An air and fuel supply control system for an internal combustion engine comprises a plurality of superchargers including a turbosupercharger, an intake air cutoff valve operative selectively to be open and closed respectively for opening and closing one of separated intake passages in which a compressor of the turbosupercharger is disposed, a cutoff valve controller operative to control the intake air cutoff valve to be closed so that the turbosupercharger is restrained from supercharging the engine when intake air mass flow fed to the engine is to be relatively small and to control the intake air cutoff valve to be open so that the turbosupercharger works for supercharging the engine when the intake air mass flow fed to the engine is to be relatively large, and air flow sensor for detecting intake air mass flow passing through an intake passage from which the separated intake passages are branched, a fuel supply controller operative to control quantity of fuel supplied to the engine in accordance with a dete

Abstract: Fuel injection increasing timing occurs differently from the timing of changing an intake air flow and an exhaust gas flow, wherein the fuel injection quantity is controlled by a detected intake pressure and an engine which increases the fuel injection quantity at accelerating comprises a system for changing an exhaust gas glow of an exhaust system by a sequential turbo control and changing an intake air flow of an intake system by a dynamic effect of an intake air. The fuel supply is delayed by the fuel injection quantity increase at accelerating. This delay and pressure difference of intake air and exhaust gas by changing intake air flow and exhaust gas flow work together to prevent the air fuel ratio from fluctuating greatly, and a good engine combustion is maintained.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine with a dual turbocharger system includes a first turbocharger and a second turbocharger arranged in parallel with each other. An exhaust switching valve is installed in an exhaust conduit downstream of a turbine of the second turbocharger and is actuated by a single diaphragm actuator. An exhaust bypass conduit is provided so as to bypass the exhaust switching valve, and an exhaust bypass valve is installed in the exhaust bypass conduit. Before the operation is changed from "one-turbocharger-operation" to "two-turbocharger-operation", the exhaust bypass valve is opened before the exhaust switching valve is opened, to suppress a shock which may occur at the transition from the "one-turbocharger-operation" to "two-turbocharger-operation".

Abstract: In a sequential turbocharger system having a first stage large volume turbo-charger and a second stage small volume turbocharger, a diaphragm actuator is provided for an exhaust bypass valve bypassing a turbine of the small volume turbocharger. The diaphragm actuator has a two step characteristic in relation to an opening of the exhaust bypass valve, so that an increased speed of opening of the exhaust bypass valve is obtained when the pressure downstream of the compressor of the first turbocharger is equal to the pressure downstream of the compressor of the second turbocharger.

Abstract: An air supply control system for an internal combustion engine comprises a supercharging device provided for supercharging the engine and operative to work with supercharging capacity varying in accordance with operating condition of the engine, an engine speed detector for detecting speed of the engine, a shifting-up detector for detecting a shifting-up operation performed in a transmission coupled with the engine, a supercharging capacity changing arrangement operative to vary the supercharging capacity of the supercharging device to be reduced when the speed of the engine detected by the engine speed detector is relatively low and to be increased when the speed of the engine detected by the engine speed detector is relatively high, and supercharging capacity change controller for restraining the supercharging capacity changing arrangement from varying the supercharging capacity of the supercharging device to be reduced when the shifting-up operation is detected by the shifting-up detector.

Abstract: The main parts of the lightweight gas casing are a rigid force-absorbing part (1) consisting of metal plates (2, 3) which can be worked without cutting, have flanges (4, 5, 6) for connecting the casing to fluid-conducting engine parts and are rigidly connected to one another, for example by welding. The channels (12, 16) are sheet metal pressed parts which connect to one another the through-holes (9, 11; 14, 15) in the flanges (4,5, 6), which form the inlet and outlet cross-sections of the fluids, and are welded by their ends to these through-holes.

Abstract: An air supply control system for an internal combustion engine comprises first and second turbosuperchargers, an exhaust cutoff valve operative to open and close one of separated exhaust passages in which a turbine of the second turbosupercharger is disposed, a first valve driving device for controlling the exhaust cutoff valve so that only the first turbosupercharger works when intake air mass flow fed to the engine is to be relatively small and both of the first and second turbosuperchargers work when the intake air mass flow is to be relatively large, an exhaust bypass valve operative to open and close an exhaust bypass passage provided for forming a partial exhaust passage detouring the exhaust cutoff valve, a second valve driving device for causing the exhaust bypass valve to open the exhaust bypass passage when intake air pressure applied to the engine reaches a predetermined value under a condition in which the intake air mass flow is to be relatively small, a waste gate valve operative to open and clo

Abstract: An air supply control system for an internal combustion engine comprises a supercharging device operative to perform selectively a first supercharging operation by which supercharging efficiently under a first condition wherein the engine operates with relatively small intake air flow is improved and a second supercharging operation by which supercharging efficiency under a second condition wherein the engine operates with relatively large intake air flow is improved, an operation detector for detecting engine operations, a traveling condition detector for detecting traveling conditions to a vehicle equipped with the engine, a supercharging operation controller operative to cause the supercharging device to perform the first supercharging operation when a first engine operation attended with relatively small intake air flow is detected by the operation detector and to perform the second supercharging operation when a second engine operation attended with relatively large intake air flow is detected by the ope

Abstract: An air supply control system for an internal combustion engine includes a plurality of superchargers including a turbosupercharger, an exhaust cutoff valve operative selectively to open and close an exhaust passage in which a turbine of the turbosupercharger is disposed, and an intake air cutoff valve operative selectively to open and close an intake passage in which a blower of the turbosupercharger is disposed, wherein both the exhaust cutoff valve and the intake air cutoff valve are closed when intake air mass flow fed to the engine is to be relatively small and are open when the intake air mass flow is to be relatively large, the intake air cutoff valve is delayed to be open compared with the exhaust cutoff valve when the operating condition of the engine is changed into the situation in which the intake air mass flow is to be relatively large from the situation in which the intake air mass flow is to be relatively small, and the intake air cutoff valve is delayed to be closed compared with the exhaust cu

Abstract: The primary zone (1) of the auxiliary combustion chamber has a shape of revolution about an axis (X--X) and is defined by a flame tube (2) which is of cylindrical and/or frustoconical shape, coaxial with said axis (X--X), smooth and devoid of air supply orifices of notable section, and by the chamber inner end (3) which is movable in a direction parallel to said axis (X--X) and cooperates with a fixed seat (13) rigidly connected to the flame tube (2) and separating the primary zone (1) from a cavity (4) so as to constitute, with the chamber inner end (3), throttling means (31) which have a variable passage section and are constituted by a sleeve (10) rigidly connected to a balancing piston (11), which sleeve and piston are coaxial with said axis (X--X), the balancing piston (11) being slidable in a cylindrical bearing surface (12) rigidly connected to the walls of the cavity (4).

Abstract: An air supply control system for an internal combustion engine comprises a plurality of superchargers including a turbosupercharger, an exhaust cutoff valve operative selectively to open and close an exhaust passage in which a turbine of the turbosupercharger is disposed, an intake air cutoff valve operative selectively to open and close an intake passage in which a blower of the turbosupercharger is disposed, an intake air relief valve operative selectively to open and close a relief passage provided for detouring the blower of the turbosupercharger, an engine operation detector for detecting operating conditions of the engine, a cutoff valve controller operative, in response to the detection output from the engine operation detector, to cause both the exhaust cutoff valve and the intake air cutoff valve to be closed when intake air mass flow fed to the engine is to be relatively small and to cause both the exhaust cutoff valve and the intake air cutoff valve to be open when the intake air mass flow fed to t

Abstract: An air supply and exhaust control system for an internal combustion engine comprises at least first and second turbosuperchargers, an operation prohibiting portion for prohibiting the second turbosupercharger from working as occasion demands, an exhaust gas flow detecting portion, an air supply control portion for causing the operation prohibiting portion to prohibit the second turbosupercharger from working when a detection output from the exhaust gas flow detecting portion indicates that the exhaust gas flow is less than a first predetermined value, an exhaust gas discharging device connected to an exhaust passage in possession of variable exhaust resistance for discharging the exhaust gas, an exhaust resistance changing portion for changing the variable exhaust resistance, and an exhaust control portion for controlling the exhaust resistance changing portion to set the variable exhaust resistance to be relatively small when the detection output from the exhaust gas flow detecting portion indicates that the

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprises a primary supercharger operated in substantially a full range of engine operating conditions of a vehicle and a secondary supercharger operated in a specific range of the engine operating condition. The plurality of supercharger are arranged in parallel in the fore and aft direction of a vehicle in a manner such that the primary supercharger means is disposed forward of the secondary supercharger. The primary supercharger is disposed at a front portion of an engine room, just behind a cooling fan, to easily be provided with a cooling effect by virtue of a fresh air. The secondary supercharger is disposed rearward of the primary supercharger to avoid the cooling effect provided by the fresh air and to receive air warmed by the primary supercharger so to undergo a warming up effect.

Abstract: A turbo-charged internal combustion engine having the cylinders communicating with exhaust passages that merge into common outlets that are disposed midway between the exhaust passages and which lie in a common plane. A cooling jacket encircles these exhaust passages and is divided by a wall into upper and lower portions.

Abstract: An air supply control system for an internal combustion engine comprises at least first and second turbosupercharger, an exhaust cutoff valve operative selectively to open and close an exhaust passage in which a turbine of the second turbosupercharger is disposed, an intake air cutoff valve operative selectively to open and close an intake passage in which a blower of the second turbosupercharger is disposed, a cutoff valve controller operative to control the exhaust cutoff valve and the intake air cutoff valve so as to cause the first turbosupercharger to work when intake air mass flow fed to the engine is to be relatively small and to cause both of the first and second turbosuperchargers to work when intake air mass flow fed to the engine is to be relatively large, an engine operation detector, and an operation controller operative to vary, in response to an engine operating condition detected by the engine operation detector, a boundary between first and second operating areas provided on an operating char

Abstract: The invention concerns a supercharged internal combustion engine in which two inlet ducts, which can be closed by inlet valves and whose flows are separated from one another, and two exhaust ducts which can be closed by exhaust valves enter the combustion space of a cylinder, one inlet duct and one exhaust duct being associated with one exhaust gas turbocharger. In order to achieve both a rapid build-up of supercharge pressure in the case of positive load changes and also an optimum homogenization of the mixture in the combustion space, the two exhaust ducts are also arranged so that their flows are separated and the inlet and exhaust side connected to the same exhaust gas turbocharger can be closed by one shut-off element each.

Abstract: A turbocharger drive system associated with an internal combustion engine includes a plurality of turbochargers drivable by exhaust gases from the engine, a plurality of rotary electric machines mounted on the rotatable shafts, respectively, of the turbochargers and operable as electric motors or generators, and a single rotary electric machine coupled to the rotatable shaft of the engine. When the engine rotates at a low speed and under a high load, the rotary electric machine coupled to the engine shaft operates as an electric generator to generate electric power to drive the rotary electric machines mounted on the turbocharger shafts as electric motors, so that the boost pressure is increased to increase the output power of the engine. Since the multistage turbochargers are power-assisted by the respective rotary electric machines, the boost pressure builds up sharply.

Abstract: A turbocharger drive system associated with an internal combustion engine includes a plurality of turbochargers drivable by exhaust gases from the engine, a plurality or rotary electric machines mounted on the rotatable shafts, respectively, of the turbochargers and operable as electric motors or generators, and a single rotary electric machine coupled to the rotatable shaft of the engine. When the engine rotates at a low speed and under a high load, the rotary electric machine coupled to the engine shaft operates as an electric generator to generate electric power to drive the rotary electric machines mounted on the turbocharger shafts as electric motors, so that the boost pressure is increased to increase the output power of the engine. As the temperature in the combustion chambers rises because of the increased output power of the engine, the timing for supplying fuel into the combustion chambers is delayed to normalize the timing to start burning fuel, which would otherwise be advanced.

Abstract: A supercharged internal combustion engine arrangement comprising an internal combustion engine having a plurality of turbo-chargers arranged to charge air into the engine and mechanism responsive to an operating condition of the engine for disabling at least one of the turbo-chargers, the arrangement being such that at low speeds all the turbo-chargers are used, and that as the speed rises the at least one turbo-charger is gradually disabled, thereby to improve the responsiveness of the engine.

Abstract: During idling or partial load of the reciprocating piston-internal combustion engine, the exhaust gas turbocharger (18) is shut-down and the fuel supply is interrupted with some cylinders (12). An optimum charging air supply matched to the operating condition of the reciprocating piston-internal combustion engine results by a controllable shifting device (32) in the charging air line section (14) of the shut-down cylinders (12). The passage from the charging air line (19) to the charging air line section (14) is closed by the shifting device (32) during operating periods with interruption of the fuel supply to the cylinders (12). At the same time, a passage opens from a suction opening (33) to the charging air line section (14), through which the air requirement of the disabled cylinders (12) is covered. The interconnected exhaust gas turbocharger (17) thereby operates in a favorable operating range.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method and an arrangement for controlling the working cycle of an internal combustion engine (1) which is supercharged by at least one exhaust-driven turbo-compressor (4,5). Each cylinder of the engine has an inlet valve (2) to which air is supplied from the turbo-compressors (4,5) through an induction or inlet line (12), and an outlet valve (3) from which the exhaust gases are passed through an outlet line (13) to the turbo-compressors (4,5). Each cylinder is also provided with a separate pressure control valve (19) which is connected to the induction system by a pressure control line (20) and which is intended to open when the piston, during the compression stroke, is located in a distance from the bottom-dead-center position (C) of the piston, and is intended to close when the piston, during the compression stroke, is located at a second predetermined position (D) in the cylinder at a greater distance from the bottom-dead-center position (C) of the piston.

Abstract: An outboard motor having a turbo-charged internal combustion engine as a power device. The engine is provided with a plurality of carburetors that draw air through a common plenum chamber. The turbo-chargers deliver pressurized air to the plenum chamber and an intercooler is formed in the plenum chamber by having a heat exchanger extending across the plenum chamber. The intercooler is cooled by circulating engine coolant through it.

Abstract: The engine plant comprises a plurality of turbocharged combustion engines (1, 2), the charging air systems of which are interconnected by means of a closeable conduit (14). Conduit (14) is adapted to supply supplementary charging air from the charging air system of a loaded engine (1) to the charging air system of an unloaded engine (2). A stop valve (15) is provided in the conduit and is controlled in dependence on the working condition of the associated engine (2) on the basis of a comparison between the charging air pressure and the exhaust gas pressure. Said comparison of pressures is effected by means of a surveillance unit (18) accommodating a duct system with two separate branches connected with the charging air system and the exhaust gas system, respectively. The branches are connected with a common outlet and a thermosensor is provided in either branch.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine equipped with at least one exhaust gas turbocharger whose compressor is connected by way of a charging pressure line to a suction manifold of the engine and whose turbine is inserted into an exhaust gas line coming from an exhaust gas manifold. A controllable blow-off valve (waste gate) is installed into a by-pass line coming from the exhaust gas line and by-passing the turbine while the compressor is adapted to be short-circuited by way of a vent valve. During the transition of the internal combustion engine into the coasting operation, the blow-off valve is activated into the closed condition for at least a limited time span. A loss of exhaust gas energy during a shifting operation is avoided thereby so that the internal combustion engine accelerates more rapidly after termination of the shifting operation.

Abstract: A multi-cylinder internal combustion engine with two exhaust gas turbochargers of which one is adapted to be switched-in during the operation of the internal combustion engine by way of a switch-in valve controllable on the turbine side and by way of a check valve on the compressor side. Furthermore, a controllable blow-off valve (waste gate) is installed into a by-pass line which by-passes both turbines. The blow-off valve and the switch-in valve are controllable by a control apparatus as a function of condition magnitude of the internal combustion engine. The activation of the blow-off valve and of the switch-in valve is subjected to an anticipatory control dependent on condition magnitudes on which at least one charging-pressure-dependent regulation is superimposed. The regulation has advantageously a PID-like structure whereby the regulating parameters are condition-dependent. The regulation and control are additionally subjected to static as well as dynamic limitations.

Abstract: A diesel engine, in particular an aircraft engine with an exhaust gas turbocharger, which comprises a compressor and a turbine, wherein for the engine (1) a compressed air starter (20), for the engine (1), is provided whose exhaust air (31, 31') is directed via the turbocharger (4) into the combustion chamber of the engine (1).

Abstract: A number of embodiments of two-cycle, turbo-charged internal combustion engines having an improved arrangement for locating the inlet of the turbine stage so as to minimize the necessity for backflow in the exhaust conduit. A number of embodiments are illustrated for applying this principle to outboard motors and in many of these embodiments, twin turbo-chargers are employed. The turbo-chargers are disposed in such a relationship so as to permit a compact relationship and to avoid close proximity between the exhaust conduits and the compressor stages.

Abstract: A piston internal combustion engine with two-stage supercharging in which two exhaust gas turbocharger groups consisting each of a high pressure and low pressure exhaust gas turbocharger, supply the piston internal combustion engine with charging air. One exhaust gas turbocharger group is constructed to be connected and disconnected, whereby a closure device is arranged in the exhaust gas line of the high pressure exhaust gas turbocharger and a check valve is arranged in the suction line of the low pressure exhaust gas turbocharger. For connecting and disconnecting the exhaust gas turbocharger group at partial load, the cross section of the closure devices is controlled. In order to avoid nonpermissive excess rotational speeds in the rotating parts of the high pressure exhaust gas turbocharger during a connecting operation, charging air is conducted back from the pressure side to the suction side by way of a controllable bypass line between the suction and pressure line of the high pressure compressor.

Abstract: An outboard motor including a turbo-charged intercooled internal combustion engine of the two cycle crankcase compression type. The turbo-chargers for the engine are driven by exhaust gases flowing through an exhaust manifold on one side of the engine and deliver a compressed charge to an intercooler that extends across the top of the engine. The intercooler discharges to an induction system that is disposed on the side of the engine opposite to the exhaust manifold side.

Abstract: A turbosupercharging system is provided having two turbosuperchargers of the same type and dimensions, connected in parallel. A cut-in valve is installed in an exhaust manifold in which the second turbine is installed. When the valve is closed, the entire exhaust blast coming from the engine is directed to the first turbine. In this manner, even at low engine speeds, the first turbine can deliver an effective amount of power to its compressor, thereby introducing a detectable supercharge into the cylinders of the internal combustion engine. This supercharge also holds a biased nonreturn valve which is built into the manifold pressure line of the second tubosupercharger is a closed position. When the cut-in valve is completely open the exhaust blast is divided between both turbines, thereby allowing a pressure build up in the manifold pressure line of the second turbosupercharger.

Abstract: A supercharged internal combustion engine for a drive system of land vehicle with an air filter (18) and a charging air manifold (12) connected with each other by several flow paths (21, 22, 23) for the combustion air. Each flow path (21, 22, 23) is equipped with a check valve (19, 36, 26) while the flow path (22) is additionally equipped with a controllable closure device (20) and the flow paths (22, 23) are equipped with one charging air compressor (27, 31) each. The charging air compressor (27) includes a drive by an exhaust gas turbine (28). The charging air compressor (31) is driven by an electric motor (32) with permanent magnet energization, whereby the energy for feeding the electric motor (32) is supplied by a generator (33) energized by permanent magnet and driven by the internal combustion engine (11). Depending on the operating condition of the internal combustion engine (11), one of the flow paths or several flow paths are simultaneously in operation.

Abstract: An auxiliary air supply system which is utilized in association with an engine including at least one exhaust gas driven turbocharger for compression of ambient air. The system further includes low and high pressure auxiliary air compressor for further compression of the compressed air discharged from the turbocharger. The amount of power supplied to each compressor is regulated by a control system responsive to an engine parameter and the auxiliary air pressure.

Abstract: A control for the engagement and disengagement of an exhaust gas turbocharger in which the charging air pressure of the internal combustion engine is used as control magnitude for the engagement and disengagement. Unfortunately, this charging air pressure exhibits oscillations with large amplitudes after each engagement and disengagement which could trigger faulty shifting operations in the control. To alleviate this problem, the control line (44) between the charging-air line and the control slide valve members (40, 41) is always closed off when these oscillations occur and their negative effects on the control are thereby prevented.

Abstract: A piston internal combustion engine in which for the engagement and disengagement of an exhaust gas turbocharger (12), its exhaust gas closure device (33) is opened, respectively, closed only so far that the charging air pressure produced by the continuously engaged exhaust gas turbocharger (11) remains approximately constant. By re-routing a small air quantity by way of a by-pass line (36) to the suction side of the compressor (24), the power input of the compressors (21 and 24) is kept small. During the engagement of the exhaust gas turbocharger (12), a small energy quantity is therefore sufficient in order to accelerate the same to its operating rotational speed. Thereafter, the engaging operation is terminated by complete opening of the exhaust gas closure device (33) and by opening of the charging air closure device (34).

Abstract: A compound turbocharger system for an engine/compressor unit is disclosed including a pair of conventional turbochargers including turbine components connected in series to convert exhaust gas energy from the engine cylinders into mechanical energy for driving a pair of impeller-type compressor components arranged to supply sufficient quantities of air to the intake manifold of the engine cylinders and to the intake manifold of the compressor cylinders. In one embodiment, the impeller-type compressor components are arranged in parallel. In a second embodiment, the impeller-type compressor components are arranged in series with the air supplied to the intake manifold of the engine cylinders being provided by the first compressor component.

Abstract: A control system for the engagement and disengagement of exhaust gas turbochargers, in which the charging air pressure acts as control magnitude on a first control end face of a slide valve member against the force of a spring; in order to prevent the effects of the strong pressure fluctuation of the charging air pressure, which occur during engagement and disengagement of an exhaust gas turbocharger, on the shifting behavior of the control device, the slide valve member includes a second control end face, on which a second control pressure acts temporarily; the second control pressure and the first control pressure and the working medium for the control system may be formed by the charging air pressure so that no additional pressure sources are required; however, by the use of a spring biased valve the second control pressure may additionally be used for the filling limitation during starting and in the range of lower outputs of the piston driven internal combustion engine.

Abstract: In a turbocharged diesel internal combustion engine (10) with low compression ratio, at least one cylinder (11) operating as an engine cylinder is charged during starting and at partial load operation by several cylinders (18, 21, 28) operating as compressors. The pistons of the compressor cylinders (18, 21, 28) lead the piston of the engine cylinder (11). As a result thereof, the engine cylinder can be charged during its compression stroke. The compressor cylinder (28) which by reason of its large angular ignition spacing to the engine cylinder cannot feed directly into the engine cylinder, delivers its supplied air at first to another compressor cylinder (18) which is located more favorably. Only thereafter, the air of the two compressor cylinders (18 and 28) is fed in common and in parallel with a further, possibly also favorably located compressor cylinder (21), to the engine cylinder (11).

Abstract: An internal combustion engine with several cylinders, with one or several superchargers, and with an additional compressor-drive by means of compressed gas, in which during partial load of the internal combustion engine, some cylinders operate as engine while the other cylinders which operate in the meantime as compressors, supply compressed gas for the additional compressor-drive of each supercharging aggregate that supplies the cylinder operating as combustion engine with charging air.

Abstract: A compound turbocharger system (2, 2', 112) for an engine/compressor unit (4, 4') is disclosed including a pair of conventional turbochargers (14, 16, 111, 113) including turbine components (18, 22, 114, 116) connected in series to convert exhaust gas energy from the engine cylinders (6, 104, 106, 108, and 110) into mechanical energy for driving a pair of impeller-type compressor components (26, 28, 118 and 120) arranged to supply sufficient quantities of air to the intake manifold (42, 122) of the engine cylinders (6, 104, 106, 108, 110) and to the intake manifold (40, 124) of the compressor cylinders (8, 100, 102). In one embodiment, the impeller-type compressor components (26, 28) are arranged in parallel. In a second embodiment, the impeller-type compressor components (118, 120) are arranged in series with the air supplied to the intake manifold (122) of the engine cylinders (104, 106, 108, 110) being provided by the first compressor component (118).

Abstract: The twin exhaust-gas-powered turbines (9, 10) driving intake air compressors (1, 2) for an internal-combustion engine are connected together and mounted on central support brackets (47, 48) by a common turbine discharge housing (20) that deflects the discharge of each turbine separately towards an outlet funnel (24) with the help of a guiding structure that contains a median wall (33). Diffuser horns (31, 32) and hollow central plugs provide, in a short axial distance, for establishing a static pressure for causing the gas to flow with uniform pressure distribution out through the discharge funnel (24). The latter portion of the outflow path is enlarged by side pieces (26, 27) fitting over holes in the central piece (20) of the discharge casing through which the diffuser horns (31, 32) protrude with ample spacing from other components.

Abstract: An exhaust manifold system for a reciprocating internal combustion engine which includes an exhaust manifold common to all of the cylinders. A turbine of at least one exhaust gas turbocharger is supplied in a ramming process, with exhaust gases from the manifold. The cylinders are disposed in two rows or banks disposed at an angle with respect to one another, with the cylinder heads being connected to the engine block at appropriate mounting surfaces. The exhaust manifold system is disposed inside the engine block in the tunnel-shaped chamber. The chamber is deliminted by longitudinally extending walls of the engine block, with the walls being located in the angle between the cylinders, and by a sealing wall. The sealing wall links or connects the longitudinally extending walls together at a level of the mounting surfaces on the two banks of cylinders. The arrangement of the exhaust manifold system in this manner reduces the pollution of the environment caused by radiation of heat and noise.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine with several parallel-connected exhaust gas turbochargers which are adapted to be individually connected and disconnected. The exhaust gas turbochargers are constructed so that together they accommodate the exhaust gas and air mass throughflow of the internal combustion engine at rated power. At a partial power of the internal combustion engine, in correspondence with an instantaneous supply of exhaust gas, such a number of exhaust gas turbochargers are in operation that the internal combustion engine operates maximally close to optimum operating conditions. One of the exhaust gas turbochargers is constructed for a lower exhaust gas and air mass throughflow than the remaining exhaust gas turbochargers.

Abstract: In the operation of supercharged internal combustion engines, certain operating conditions exist during which the exhaust gas turbochargers cannot supply adequate supercharging air for the internal combustion engine due to a low production of exhaust gas by the engine. To eliminate this problem, an auxiliary compressor with a flywheel is proposed, which is constantly driven by an auxiliary drive mechanism and whose power input can be considerably reduced by closing its air conduit. In case of lacking charging air, the auxiliary compressor is used in a simple way, by opening the closure devices on its air side, in order to enable a supply of supercharging air to the internal combustion engine. The power required for driving the auxiliary compressor is derived primarily from energy stored in the revolving flywheel mass as well as from the power of the auxiliary drive mechanism.

Abstract: The engine is supercharged by two turbocharger units which are capable of being put into operation in succession and their compressors are capable of supplying air to the engine in parallel. When the turbocharger unit is not in operation, the outlet of its compressor is put in communication through a bypass passage with the inlet of its turbine by means of flaps or the like.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine supercharged by exhaust turbochargers, with the engine being provided with an auxiliary combustion chamber, the exhaust gas of which is temporarily fed to a turbine of an exhaust gas turbocharger for improving acceleration characteristics of the internal combustion engine. The combustion air for the auxiliary combustion chamber is derived from a stream of supercharging air produced by the exhaust turbocharger. At least two exhaust turbochargers are provided with compressors thereof both conveying or feeding into a supercharging air conduit, to all cylnders of the internal combustion engine. Each of the compressors are equipped on an intake side with one check valve. During an idling or partial load, the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine is fed to only one of the two exhaust turbochargers, wherein a conveying air stream produced by this exhaust turbocharger effects an automatic closing of the check valve of the other exhaust turbocharger.