Abstract: The present invention is directed to a wearable fitness and/or heart rate monitoring device which includes motion detecting sensor(s), a galvanic skin response (GSR) sensor, a user input interface, or any combination thereof. The device accounts for signal noise, produced when an individual passes thru varying exercise states, by filtering out the motion of the individual using a 3-axis accelerometer. The invention also provides for systems and methods of operating the monitor which extracts and/or stores true or correct heart rate values from the heartbeat waveform signal observed from a PPG.

Abstract: An optical fiber sensing system for temperature and salinity synchronous measurement is provided, which includes a broad-spectrum light source, an optical fiber circulator, a coupler, a first interferometer, a second interferometer, a third interferometer and a spectrometer; the first interferometer is insensitive to temperature and salinity; the second interferometer is sensitive to both temperature and salinity, and the third interferometer is only sensitive to temperature; light emitted by the broad-spectrum light source passes through the optical fiber circulator and enters the first interferometer; reflected light of the first interferometer passes through the optical fiber circulator and the coupler sequentially, and then enters the second and the third interferometers respectively; the reflected light of the second and the third interferometers enters the spectrometer after passing through the coupler; the temperature and the salinity to be measured are simultaneously obtained by performing spectral an

Abstract: A meditation system comprising a meditation surface including a contactless bio-sensor and a processor to analyze data from the contactless bio-sensor, to determine meditation results including a user's respiration, heart rate, and meditation quality, the processor further to calculate a recommendation to the user based on the meditation results. The system further comprising a user interface to display the meditation results and the recommendation.

Abstract: A method for determining a predicted risk level of a clinical endpoint for a predetermined time period for a patient is provided by the present disclosure. The method includes receiving video frames of a heart, the video frames being associated with the patient, receiving electronic health record data including a number of variables associated with the patient, providing the video frames and the electronic health record data to the trained neural network, receiving a risk score from the trained neural network, and outputting a report based on the risk score to at least one of a display or a memory.

Abstract: A neural network system leverages dual attention, specifically both spatial attention and channel attention, to jointly estimate heart rate and respiratory rate of a subject by processing images of the subject. A motion neural network receives images of the subject and estimates heart and breath rates of the subject using both spatial and channel domain attention masks to focus processing on particular feature data. An appearance neural network computes a spatial attention mask from the images of the subject and may indicate that features associated with the subject's face (as opposed to the subject's hair or shoulders) to accurately estimate the heart and/or breath rate. Channel-wise domain attention is learned during training and recalibrates channel-wise feature responses to select the most informative features for processing. The channel attention mask is learned during training and can be used for different subjects during deployment.

Abstract: An embodiment method comprises collecting at least one electrophysiological signal of a human over a limited time duration, and computing a set of electrophysiological signal features. The computing comprises at least one of: providing at least one reference electrophysiological signal and applying dynamic time warping processing to the at least one collected and at least one reference electrophysiological signals, applying stacked-auto-encoder artificial neural network processing to the collected electrophysiological signal, or filtering the electrophysiological signal collected via joint low-pass and high-pass filtering. The method further comprises applying pattern recognition processing to the computed set of features, producing a virtual key signal indicative of an identity of the human, and applying the virtual key signal to a user circuit to switch it between a first state and a second state as a result of the virtual key signal matching an authorized key signal stored in the user circuit.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for detecting female urination by using a wearable device. A female urination detection method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is a method for detecting urination of a subject to be measured, who is a female, by using a measurement device mounted on the subject to be measured, the method comprising: (a) acquiring sensor data (S) generated according to movement of a sensor of the measurement device; and (b) extracting effective data (SEff) related to urination by filtering the sensor data (S) acquired in (a) by an effective data extracting module of an analysis device through a preset method.

Abstract: A system configured to generate a motion adjustment instruction for a user performing an action is provided. The system comprises: a target module configured to obtain a target biomechanical load distribution for the user, a sensor arrangement configured to monitor the motion of the user so as to obtain monitored motion data, a monitoring module configured to calculate a monitored biomechanical load distribution for the user in accordance with the monitored motion data, an adjustment module configured to calculate a target adjustment to the motion of the user that corresponds to a reduction of a deviation of the monitored biomechanical load distribution from the target biomechanical load distribution, and an instruction module configured to generate a motion adjustment instruction in accordance with the target adjustment.

Abstract: A method for determining a user's stress level is performed by a smartphone app. Touch and motion feature values are generated, the feature values are weighted by regression parameters, and a stress score is generated based on the weighted touch and motion feature values. The touch feature values indicate how the user's finger moves over the smartphone and are generated from touch data points including X positions, Y positions and associated touch timestamp values. The motion feature values indicate movement of the smartphone and are generated from motion data points including X movements, Y movements, Z movements and associated motion timestamp values. The regression parameters are generated using touch and motion data identified by other users as being acquired while those other users were experiencing various perceived levels of stress. The app indicates to the user whether the stress score is higher or lower than a previously generated stress score.

Abstract: An electronic device includes an image capture device that can be an always on image capture device. The electronic device includes one or more processors operable with the image capture device and a wireless communication circuit operable with the one or more processors. The one or more processors determine, from images of a face and torso of a user of the electronic device captured by the image capture device, that a heartrate of the user of the electronic device increases by a predetermined threshold above a resting level heartrate of the user of the electronic device. In response, the one or more processors cause the wireless communication circuit to transmit a climate adjustment request to a climate control device.

Abstract: The electrocardiogram measurement apparatus includes: two amplifiers for receiving electrocardiogram signals from a first electrode and a second electrode; one electrode driving unit; a third electrode for receiving an output of the electrode driving unit; an A/D converter connected to an output terminal of each of the two amplifiers and converting analog signals into digital signals; a microcontroller for receiving the digital signals from the A/D converter; and a communication means for transmitting the digital signal, wherein: the microcontroller is supplied with power from a battery; the microcontroller controls the A/D converter and the communication means; and each of the two amplifiers amplifies one electrocardiogram signal so as to simultaneously measure two electrocardiogram signals.

Abstract: The disclosed system enables monitoring of user's biological indicators for signs of impairment or disease. The system obtains a permission from a user to access a biological indicator. The system obtains a history of the biological indicator associated with the user, where the biological indicator includes movement associated with the user, a voice associated with the user, or an appearance associated with the user. The system obtains a symptom indicating an undesirable state of the user, where the symptom includes a musculoskeletal affliction. The system monitors the biological indicator of user. The system detects an anomaly in the biological indicator by comparing the biological indicator with the history of the biological indicator. The system determines whether the anomaly indicates the undesirable state of the user. Upon determining that the anomaly indicates the undesirable state of the user, the system provides a notification.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein involve a wearable-based system that can help determine in a privacy-preserving manner whether a user is healthy (and thus poses low risk of contagiousness), and use determinations of this nature to grant passage through a doorway. In one embodiment, a wearable device takes measurements of a user comprising a photoplethysmogram signal (PPG signal) and a temperature measurement. A computer calculates a health score based on a difference between baseline measurements of the user, measured one or more days earlier, and more current measurements of the user. Additionally, the computer calculates an extent of similarity between characteristics of the PPG signal in the current measurements and characteristics of the PPG signal in the baseline measurements. The computer authorizes the user's passage through the doorway responsive to the health score reaching a first threshold and the extent of the similarity reaching a second threshold.

Abstract: A method includes obtaining prescribing drug information and published guidelines for each of a plurality of ADMs available for managing glucose levels, and receiving patient information associated with a patient. The method also includes ordering total demerit values from lowest to highest, selecting a predetermined number of recommended ADMs associated with the lowest total demerit values, and determining a recommended dosage for each recommended ADM. The method also includes transmitting a therapy regimen to a patient device associated with the patient. The therapy regimen includes the recommended ADMs and the recommended dosage for each recommended ADM.

Abstract: An apparatus for estimating bio-information includes a sensor part configured to measure a pulse wave signal and a contact force of an object, while the object is in contact with the sensor part. The apparatus further includes a processor configured to extract a first feature from the measured pulse wave signal and the measured contact force, select one estimation model from a plurality of estimation models, based on a second feature of a user corresponding to the object, and estimate the bio-information, by inputting the extracted first features in the selected estimation model.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and system for determining a correspondence of physiological data obtained in a physiological study of a subject. The method includes extracting a first signal from the physiological study. A second signal from the physiological study is also extracted. The first signal and the second signal are obtained by one or more biometric sensors. Data of the first signal and data of the second signal are stored on a memory storage. A coherency value is determined between components of the extracted first signal and components of the extracted second signal. And the correspondence of the physiological study data is determined based on the determined coherency value.

Abstract: Described is a system for multimodal machine-aided comprehension analysis. The system can be implemented in an augmented reality headset that, in conjunction with a processor, generates an initial scene graph of a scene proximate the user. Items and labels are presented, with the headset tracking eye movements of the user as the user gazes upon the subject labels, item labels, and relationship labels. A resulting scene graph (having relationship triplets) is generated based on the eye movements of the user and an amount of time the user spends gazing upon each of the display components. A comprehension model is generated by estimating a user's comprehension of the relationship triplets, with a knowledge model being generated based on a known knowledge graph and the comprehension model. Cues are then presented to the user based on the comprehension and knowledge models to assist the user in their comprehension of the scene.

Abstract: Cognitive function evaluation device includes: storing unit storing reference data on the relationship between the periodicity of a body movement of a person walking and the cognitive function level of the person; acquiring unit that acquires body movement data on the detected body movement from body movement sensor that detects the body movement of subject walking; and calculating unit that calculates the periodicity of the body movement while walking from the acquired body movement data and checks the calculated periodicity against reference data stored in storing unit so as to identify the cognitive function level corresponding to the calculated periodicity.

Abstract: Systems and methods for detecting worsening cardiac conditions such as worsening heart failure events are described. A system may include sensor circuits to sense physiological signals and signal processors to generate from the physiological signals first and second signal metrics. The system may include a risk stratifier circuit to produce a cardiac risk indication. The system may use at least the first signal metric to generate a primary detection indication, and use at least the second signal metric and the risk indication to generate a secondary detection indication. The risk indication may be used to modulate the second signal metric. A detector circuit may detect the worsening cardiac event using the primary and secondary detection indications.

Abstract: Lactate threshold device (LTD) assists subjects in improving athletic performance and maximizing calorie burn. LTD digitizes the electrocardiogram (ECG) obtained from a chest belt with a first signal analyzer, and telemeters the ECG to a second signal analyzer. LTD uses a novel algorithm to convert the telemetered ECG from the time to frequency domain, utilizing a digital signal processing method called fast fourier transform based spectral analysis. LTD determines whether lactate threshold (LT) has been reached, and furthermore calculates heart rate, heart rate variability, and heart rate and power zones. LTD displays the determined variables on a local or remote display. Subject using LTD obtains feedback during a real-time exercise regimen in the field that has aerobic (below LT) and anaerobic (above LT) zones. By utilizing an exercise program with aerobic and anaerobic zones, both sprint and endurance fitness levels are improved, and weight loss potential is maximized.

Abstract: An apparatus for classifying stress includes an electrocardiogram (ECG) measurement module configured to measure an ECG signal in a first state, an idle state, and an ECG signal in a second state in which noise, having various magnitudes, is generated, a feature point extraction module configured to extract a feature point of each of the measured ECG signal in the first state and the measured ECG signal in the second state, and a clustering module configured to perform K-means clustering on the ECG signals in the first and second states based on the extracted feature points to classify stress.

Abstract: Methods, systems, apparatuses, and/or devices for determining a baseline for an individual. The methods, systems, apparatuses, and/or devices may include a first memory device for computer storage. The methods, systems, apparatuses, and/or devices may include a processing device coupled to the first memory device, where the processing device is configured to: receive profile information for a user; generate a user profile based on the profile information; query a set of baseline profiles stored at the first memory device or a second memory device to identify a subset of baseline profiles; aggregate baseline profile information from the first baseline profile and baseline profile information from the second baseline profile to obtain an aggregated baseline profile; and set a baseline for a physiological parameter of the user from which to measure against for the physiological parameter, wherein the baseline is based on the physiological parameter of the aggregated baseline profile.

Abstract: The present invention relates to devices, systems and methods for detecting disturbances that may occur during the sleep of a subject.

Abstract: The embodiments disclose a digitally enabled pelvic self-examination device including a first memory device to receive and store cervix images, a second memory device to receive and store heat detection sensor data, a first processor to convert the heat detection sensor data into superimposed overlays on the first memory device stored cervix images, a second processor to compare current stored cervix images to previously stored cervix images to determine any changes, an internet communication device coupled to a memory device and processor to receive an aggregation of data on disease prevalence and research, a third processor to generate a determination of any changes in the stored cervix images indicating any disease indications present including cervical cancer, a swab device configured to allow the user to collect a cervix tissue laboratory analysis sample, and a digitally enabled pelvic self-examination device configured to be used by user to perform a pelvic self-examination.

Abstract: A system and method for tracking and optimizing health indices is provided. In some embodiments the system provides for tracking and/or optimizing health indices of one or more individuals having a particular genetic profile and adaptively managing external factors the individual experiences so as to optimize a change in one or more health indices based on the individual's genetic profile.

Abstract: Provided are systems, methods, and devices for sleep intervention quality assessment. Methods include receiving measurement data from a plurality of data sources, the measurement data comprising a plurality of measurements of biological parameters of a user before and after a sleep intervention, and receiving treatment data comprising one or more treatment parameters associated with the sleep intervention. Methods further include generating, using one or more processors, a plurality of quality assessment metrics based on the received measurement data, the plurality of quality assessment metrics being generated based, at least in part, on a comparison of the plurality of measurements of biological parameters before and after the sleep intervention, and generating a report based, at least in part, on the plurality of quality assessment metrics.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide methods, computer program products, and systems determine a user state based on received information. Embodiments of the present invention can, in response to determining a user state reaching a threshold value, perform an ameliorative action.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a hearing system including a first hearing device configured to be worn at a first ear of a user and a second hearing device configured to be worn at a second ear of the user. The first hearing device includes a first physiological sensor configured to provide sensor data indicative of a physiological property of the user and the second hearing device includes a second physiological sensor configured to provide sensor data indicative of the same physiological property as the sensor data provided by the first physiological sensor. A processing unit may be configured to control the first and second physiological sensor to alternatingly provide the sensor data in subsequent time intervals.

Abstract: A treatment device configured noninvasively to treat neurological conditions and/or neuropsychiatric conditions, designed to modulate autonomic nervous system through biofeedback configured to change brain network. The treatment device comprising: physiological sensor, storage piling psychological data and operating controller to effectively provide at least one of biofeedback and tactile stimulation to the individual to curtail neurological and/or neuropsychiatric events.

Abstract: Embodiments are directed to managing the provisioning of healthcare services. A visit profile that includes a reason for the visit and patient demographic information may be provided by a patient requesting a visit to obtain healthcare services. Match scores for providers may be generated based on matching models and the visit profile. A provider may be assigned to the visit based on the match scores. A virtual waiting room may be provided for the patient based on the visit profile. The visit profile may be updated with supplemental information based on the interactions between the patient and the virtual waiting room, patient information, or visit information. Updated match scores may be provided for the providers based on the updated visit profile. If an updated match score exceeds a previously determined higher match score, another provider associated with a higher match score may be assigned to the visit.

Abstract: An apparatus for monitoring biometric information blood of a user that contains a housing that includes an electropermanent magnet, a battery, a processor, and a radio transmitter. A cap is magnetically coupled to the housing when a current is passed through a coil of the electropermanent magnet thereby compressing a portion of tissue of the user between the housing and the cap. By varying the compressive force applied to the tissue, the apparatus monitors at least one of blood pressure and heart rate from the response.

Abstract: Disclosed is a cardio-pulmonary health monitoring apparatus. The apparatus comprises a contactless motion sensor configured to generate one or more movement signals representing bodily movement of a patient during a monitoring session; a processor; and a memory storing program instructions configured to cause the processor to carry out a method of processing the one or more movement signals. The method comprises extracting one or more sleep disordered breathing features from the one or more movement signals, and predicting whether a clinical event is likely to occur during a predetermined prediction horizon based on the one or more sleep disordered breathing features.

Abstract: The invention is directed to systems and methods that can determine a user's fitness based on a single factor such as oxygen lung volume (pmVO2). A heart rate measurement is conducted on the user after the user performs a physical test specified by a fitness application of the system. The heart rate measurement is converted into a pmVO2 value and compared to pmVO2 values of other individuals. The system assigns the user a fitness grade based on the comparison result. The system further includes an artificial intelligent system that helps the user to move from a grade to a higher grade.

Abstract: An analyzing apparatus according to an embodiment includes processing circuitry. The processing circuitry is configured to obtain pieces of Doppler image data in a time series rendering a blood flow in an analysis target formed in a blood vessel. The processing circuitry is configured to analyze the pieces of Doppler image data in the time series and to calculate an index value based on temporal changes in a first blood flow signal intensity level in a first region of interest including the blood flow in the analysis target.

Abstract: A patient monitor for monitoring cerebral activity of a patient may include a processor configured to determine a depth of consciousness index for the patient based on electroencephalography (EEG) data and determine regional oxygen saturation for the patient based on regional oximetry data. Additionally, the processor may be configured to determine a metric associated with cerebral activity of the patient based at least in part on the one or more values of the depth of consciousness index and the one or more regional oxygen saturation values and to provide the one or more values of a depth of consciousness index and the metric to an output device.

Abstract: The invention provides a conductive circuit which may be applied to a garment, for example a garment for the stimulation of pelvic floor muscles. In the illustrated embodiments in the garment comprises a pair of shorts. The shorts are made from stretch fabric comprising a polyamide and are designed to fit closely to the body. The shorts are provided with two legs and a waistband area. The shorts comprise left and right conductive circuits, each of which comprises one or more electrodes formed from a printed conductive layer.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides for using multiple inertial measurement units (IMUs) to recognize particular user activity, such as particular types of exercises and repetitions of such exercises. The IMUs may be located in consumer products, such as smartwatches and earbuds. Each IMU may include an accelerometer and a gyroscope, each with three axes of measurement, for a total of 12 raw measurement streams. A training image includes a plurality of subplots or tiles, each depicting a separate data stream. The training image is then used to train a machine learning model to recognize IMU data as corresponding to a particular type of exercise.

Abstract: A method of sleep stage detection using vital sign features derived from PPG signals. The method includes performing a logistic regression operation based on a machine learning classifier model to calculate an indication value for an intermediate epoch. The indication value is calculated based on the vital sign features for the intermediate epoch as well as those of the preceding and succeeding epochs. The method then detects the sleep stage of the corresponding intermediate epoch based on the indication value for the corresponding intermediate epoch.

Abstract: A system for providing a visual summary of a condition of a patient when traumatic brain injury (TBI) is suspected or diagnosed includes at least one patient condition sensor configured to sense data representative of a patient condition parameter of interest for a TBI patient; at least one airflow sensor configured to sense data representative of ventilations provided to the patient; at least one visual display for providing the visual summary to a user; and at least one controller. The at least one controller is configured to cause the visual display to provide the visual summary. The visual summary can include at least one visual representation of at least one patient condition parameter for each time interval of a plurality of time intervals, at least one visual representation of ventilation information, and a visual indication of when at least one patient condition parameter is outside of a target range.

Abstract: Example systems, methods, and apparatus, including cognitive platforms, are provided for applying signal detection metrics in computer-implemented adaptive response-deadline procedures to data collected based at least in part on user interaction(s) with computerized tasks and/or interferences. The apparatus can include a response classifier for generating a quantifier of the cognitive abilities of an individual. The apparatus also can be configured to adapt the tasks and/or interferences to enhance the individual's cognitive abilities.

Abstract: Provided is a server for determining whether medication has been administered, the server including: a transceiver receiving a video recorded by a wearable device; a memory storing a detection model and a confirmation model, wherein the detection model is trained to output whether each of preset targets appears in an image, and the confirmation model is trained to output whether medication has been administered, wherein the preset targets include an object related to a medicine or a medicine container and a posture related to medication administration; and one or more processors configured to detect the preset targets by inputting image frames of the video to the detection model and to determine whether medication has been administered by inputting confirmation model input data to the confirmation model, the confirmation model input data generated based on a detection result of the detection model.

Abstract: A method for guiding deep breathing may include receiving a request from a user to initiate a deep breathing exercise on a user-controlled device. The method may include monitoring deep breathing using one or more sensors on an ear-worn device in response to initiating the deep breathing exercise. Examples of sensors include at least one of a motion detector, a microphone, a heart rate sensor, and an electrophysiological sensor. The method may further include initiating an end to the deep breathing exercise. The method may be used with various hearing systems including an ear-worn device and optionally a user-controllable device, such as a smartphone.

Abstract: A technology for obtaining a heart rate from a photoplethysmogram (PPG) signal. In one example, an artificial neural network model can be trained to predict a heart rate using a training dataset containing PPG data. The artificial neural network model can include a series of convolutional layers to remove artifacts from a PPG signal, a fast Fourier transform (FFT) layer to convert the PPG signal to PPG frequency representations, and a dense layer to decode the PPG frequency representations to heart rate predictions. After training the artificial neural network model, PPG data generated by a pulse oximeter monitor can be obtained, and the PPG data can be input to the artificial neural network model. The artificial neural network model outputs a heart rate prediction, wherein the heart rate prediction represents the heart rate obtained from the PPG signal.

Abstract: Exemplified methods and systems facilitate presentation of data derived from measurements of the heart in a non-invasive procedure (e.g., via phase space tomography analysis). In particular, the exemplified methods and systems facilitate presentation of such measurements in a graphical user interface, or “GUI” (e.g., associated with a healthcare provider web portal to be used by physicians, researchers, or patients, and etc.) and/or in a report for diagnosis of heart pathologies and disease. The presentation facilitates a unified and intuitive visualization that includes three-dimensional visualizations and two-dimensional visualizations that are concurrently presented within a single interactive interface and/or report.

Abstract: A helmet configured for improving the safety of a user of a personal mobility by measuring an electroencephalogram (EEG) of the user using an EEG detector provided in a helmet, determining an accident situation based on the measured EEG, and operating a safety device is provided. The helmet includes a body configured to form an exterior of the helmet and can be worn on a user's head; the EEG detector provided on the body and configured to detect EEG of the user; and a controller configured to determine an accident-related situation based on an EEG signal output from the EEG detector, and to generate a control signal for operating a safety device according to the determined accident-related situation.

Abstract: [Object] It is an object to provide a determination device capable of determining the health risk of a laborer due to the labor load from the measured biological information only by measuring the biological information including the heart rate of the laborer. [Solution to the problems] In order to solve the above problems, the determination device 1 according to the present invention includes a biological information acquisition unit 3 that acquires biological information including a heart rate of a laborer Wi, a model formula storage unit 4 that stores a model formula for discriminating a health risk due to a labor load based on the biological information, and a determination unit 5 that determines the health risk of the laborer Wi based on the biological information of the laborer Wi and the model formula stored in the model formula storage unit 4.

Abstract: Apparatuses, systems and methods of providing a personal air quality monitor. The personal air quality monitor may include a housing suitable for physical association with a person; an air inlet capable of providing air flow from an environment outside the housing to a chamber within the housing; a plurality of sensor resident within the chamber, suitable for receiving the airflow and measuring air quality factors associated with the airflow; and a communication system suitable for processing the air quality factor measurements and communicating the processed air quality factor measurements to a user interface cognizable to the person.

Abstract: The sensor device (10) comprises a sensor module (101) and an input-output interface (105) arranged to send and receive data over a bidirectional line (11). A buffer (103) is arranged to store time-series sensor data. A programmable and erasable nonvolatile memory (109) receives and stores an identifier for the sensor device (10). The sensor module (101) generates an inference using the sensor data. The sensor device (10) is arranged to switch between sending, over the bidirectional line (11), data sensed by the sensor module (101) and the generated inference. The sensor device (10) is a single-wire sensor device. The input-output interface (105) is a single-wire input-output interface. The sensor module (101) is a motion, electropotential, electroimpedance, chemical, or optical sensor module. The sensor device (10) is provided in a system comprising a master device. The sensor device (10) or system is incorporated into a wearable article.

Abstract: The present invention provides a non-contact vital sign monitoring which properly detect subject's vital signs by correcting the measured signals for reflectance and variations in distance between measurements. The present invention provides for adequate sensor numbers and types to properly monitor a subject's vitals and physiological signals. Certain aspects of the invention include the use of signal scoring methods. In such embodiments, acquired data and/or information is used for scoring a signal acquired from non-contact vital monitoring assisting in the accurate measurement of various vitals of a subject, including, without limit, a subjects temperature, cardiovascular and respiratory information. The present invention provides a viable solution for at-a-distance non-contact vital sign monitoring that overcomes the shortcomings of existing solutions known in the art.

Abstract: A robotic system includes a robotic arm, a robotic end-effector detachably coupled to the robotic arm, and a control system. The robotic end-effector includes a locomotion device to move the robotic end-effector independent of the robotic arm, and the control system configured to control the robotic arm and the robotic end-effector to detach and attach the robotic arm and the robotic end-effector.