Abstract: A computerized method for detecting a core temperature of a person, the method may include: receiving multiple temperature readings obtained by scanning a temperature sensor across a skin area of a person, the skin area covers at least one blood vessel, to provide multiple temperature readings; the multiple temperature readings include a peak temperature reading; and determining, by a processor, an estimate of the core temperature of the person in response to at least one temperature reading that differs from the peak temperature reading.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed herein for delivering a medicament to a fetus. The method includes administering the medicament from an injector configured to deliver the medicament across an amniotic membrane to amniotic fluid of the fetus. The method includes administering the medicament from a transmembrane patch placed at an amniotic membrane configured to deliver the medicament across the amniotic membrane to amniotic fluid of the fetus.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the temperature distribution over the sole of the foot has a flexible substrate. The substrate defines a plurality of discontinuities forming a plurality of substrate segments. Each substrate segment has a sensor region with a surface for coupling a sensor, and at least one connector to connect to at least one sensor region of an adjacent substrate segment. Each of a plurality of the sensor regions is configured to be movable relative to other sensor regions. The discontinuities cause the flexible substrate to exhibit elastic properties in the aggregate. The apparatus also has a plurality of resistive contact temperature sensors coupled with the flexible substrate.

Abstract: Monitoring apparatus and methods are provided for assessing a physiological condition of a subject. At least two types of physiological information are detected from a subject via a portable monitoring device associated with the subject, and an assessment of a physiological condition of the subject is made using the at least two types of physiological information, wherein each type of physiological information is individually insufficient to make the physiological condition assessment. Environmental information from a vicinity of a subject also may be detected, and an assessment of a physiological condition of the subject may be made using the environmental information in combination with the physiological information. Exemplary physiological information may include subject heart rate, subject activity level, subject tympanic membrane temperature, and subject breathing rate. Exemplary environmental information may include humidity level information in the vicinity of the subject.

Abstract: The invention discloses a method for in-vivo temperature measurement based on AC magnetization of magnetic nanoparticles, and relates to a nano test technology field. The invention positions magnetic nano agent at an area of a measured object, applies an AC excitation magnetic field to the area of the magnetic nano agent, collects an AC magnetization signal of the magnetic nano agent under the AC excitation magnetic field, detects amplitudes of odd harmonics of the AC magnetization signal, and finally calculates in-vivo temperature according to a relationship between the odd harmonics and the in-vivo temperature. The invention predetermines the relationship between the odd harmonics and the in-vivo temperature via the discrete Langevin's function and the Fourier transformation, solves the in-vivo temperature according to the relationship without considering concentration of the magnetic nanoparticles, and effective moment as temperature varies, and thus accurately detecting the in-vivo temperature.

Abstract: A fiber optic shape sensing system includes an elongated fiber optic shape sensing device (116) having a proximal region and a distal region. The distal region includes a first temperature at which shape sensing is performed. A temperature control device (102, 104, 106) is configured to control a second temperature at the proximal region of the shape sensing device to match the first temperature. The proximal region includes a launch region (118) for launching light into at least one optical fiber of the fiber optical shape sensing device.

Abstract: Support structures for positioning sensors on a physiologic tunnel for measuring physical, chemical and biological parameters of the body and to produce an action according to the measured value of the parameters. The support structure includes a sensor fitted on the support structures using a special geometry for acquiring continuous and undisturbed data on the physiology of the body. Signals are transmitted to a remote station by wireless transmission such as by electromagnetic waves, radio waves, infrared, sound and the like or by being reported locally by audio or visual transmission. The physical and chemical parameters include brain function, metabolic function, hydrodynamic function, hydration status, levels of chemical compounds in the blood, and the like. The support structure includes patches, clips, eyeglasses, head mounted gear and the like, containing passive or active sensors positioned at the end of the tunnel with sensing systems positioned on and accessing a physiologic tunnel.

Abstract: When measuring core body temperature in a patient, a curved sensor (10) is provide that has a predefined radius of curvature to fit comfortably and closely to a patient's forehead. The sensor (10) has at least one releasable securing strip (e.g., Velcro™) that couples the sensor (10) to a headband (14), as well as an adhesive strip (16) that is positioned along one edge of an interior surface of the sensor (10) and couples the sensor (10) to the patient's skin. The adhesive strip acts as a hinge that facilitates inspection of the skin beneath the sensor without complete removal of the sensor, and the headband and curvature of the sensor provide a snug fit of the interior surface of the sensor against the patient's skin. Additionally, the sensor may be a zero heat flux sensor (34) with a heater (32) placed on one side thereof and a thermister (36) placed on an opposite side thereof, between the heat flux sensor (34) and a patient's skin.

Abstract: A system is described having a heating device with a focused antenna array, a chair, a cabinet, at least one temperature monitoring device, a cooling system, and a controller. The system may be used to heat and monitor internal tissue and/or fluid in an individual in a non-invasive way.

Abstract: A heating and monitoring system is described having a focused antenna to monitor temperature of internal tissue and or bodily fluids in a non-invasive way. The focused antenna is shielded to form and relatively small and manageable package that can be placed to monitor internal tissue and/or bodily fluids.

Abstract: Certain radiometer assemblies can include an antenna that is shielded within an enclosure, which can have an open end. The antenna can be used to receive signals from a patient via a matching layer that is positioned at the open end of the enclosure. In some assemblies, a rim of shielding material encompasses the open end of the enclosure so as to reduce stray electromagnetic interference, such as when the assembly is used to monitor a deep tissue temperature.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems and methods for enabling the acquisition of physiological parameters of a mammal or other specimen using thermo-mechanical responses (e.g., temperature, pressure and alternatively acceleration, pulse, position). In accordance with one example embodiment, a monitoring device for wired and/or wireless sensors is used to acquire a series of sensor signals that are attached to achieve the physiological measurements of a mammal vital signs is provided. The device includes a Temperature-Pressure (T-P) sensor configured to attach to respiration, vascular pressure and audio points of the mammal in a manner suitable for obtaining the acquired individual sensor electrical signal. The sensor system is configured to attach to alternative locations of the specimen in a manner suitable for obtaining electrical signals in communication with a signal receiver and transmitter. Physiological parameters, such as those associated with vital signs (temperature, pulse, respiration, etc.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method and system for stimulating and monitoring intensity of pain experienced by one or more users. The method includes measuring the intensity of pain experienced by the one or more users on a pre-determined scale and augmented chart or physician's personal assessment using a plurality of one or more bio-markers, determining co-relation between the plurality of one or more bio-markers and the intensity of pain experienced by the one or more users, refining the co-relation between the plurality of one or more bio-markers and the intensity of pain experienced by the one or more users by learning from responses of one or more similar users, generating a pain profile for each of the one or more users and utilizing the learned information and the generated profile for monitoring, evaluating and treating the one or more users.

Abstract: An introducer sheath/temperature probe assembly that is insertable into a blood vessel of a human or veterinary patent to measure the temperature of blood flowing through that blood vessel. The introducer sheath/temperature probe assembly may be used in conjunction with an indwelling heat exchange catheter system to warm or cool all or a portion of the patient's body to a desired target temperature and to maintain such target temperature for a desired period of time.

Abstract: A system and method are described for sensing the orientation of a catheter relative to a tissue and regulating the application of power to maintain the tissue at a pre-determined temperature.

Abstract: Apparatus for detecting intracranial temperature and blood oxygenation includes a transducer having a working surface for placement against a patient's cranium. The transducer forms a microwave antenna having walls defining an aperture having a pair of opposite broader boundaries and a pair of opposite narrower boundaries at the working surface. The antenna is tuned to a frequency which produces a first output signal indicative of heat emanating from the cranium. An oxygen saturation sensor sharing that aperture includes a radiation emitter located at one of narrower boundaries which directs electromagnetic radiation across the aperture to a radiation detector at the other of the narrower boundaries and which produces a corresponding second output signal. A control unit includes a display and a processor for processing the signals to calculate an intracranial temperature and an oxygen saturation value for display by the control unit.

Abstract: A respiratory muscle endurance training device (RMET) includes a chamber and a patient interface. In one implementation, one or both of a CO2 sensor or a temperature sensor can be coupled to the chamber or patient interface to provide the user or caregiver with indicia about the CO2 level in, or the temperature of, the chamber or patient interface, and/or the duration of use of the device. In another implementation, the RMET may have a fixed volume portion adjustable to contain a measured portion of a specific patient's inspiratory volume capacity. Methods of using the device are also provided.

Abstract: In particular embodiments, a method includes generating a 3D display of an avatar of a person, where the avatar can receive inputs identifying a type of a physiological event, a location of the physiological event in or on a person's body in three spatial dimensions, a time range of the physiological event, a quality of the physiological event, and rendering the physiological event on the avatar based on the inputs.

Abstract: An adapter slip configured to be seated in a fluid port, the adapter slip including a lumen, an exterior wall, a shoulder, and a sleeve. The lumen extending along a length of a longitudinal axis, the lumen configured to receive a temperature probe. The exterior wall including a proximal end portion and a distal end portion, wherein the proximal end portion includes a tapered portion tapered at an acute angle with respect to the longitudinal axis. The shoulder extending outward from the exterior wall distal to the tapered portion configured to engage with a distal end of the fluid port. The sleeve configured extend within the lumen and project a predetermined distance beyond the proximal end portion of the exterior wall, the sleeve including a sleeve lumen and a closed proximal end, the sleeve lumen configured to receive at least a temperature sensor of the temperature probe.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein relate to systems and methods for monitoring and alerting a body temperature of a person under guardianship. A wireless signal emitting body temperature sensor is configured to transmit a wireless signal including a detected temperature value. The wireless signal is received by a wireless signal receiving chip of a wireless signal receiving and processing precaution device carried by a guardian, and processed by a central processing chip. If the detected value is over the maximum value or is under the minimum value, an alarming signal will timely notify the guardian about abnormality in the body temperature of the person under guardianship.

Abstract: A temperature sensing catheter with improved accuracy is provided. The catheter includes a catheter shaft having a proximal end and a distal end, and a first pair of conductors extending through the catheter shaft. Each one of the first pair of conductors has a first end and a second end, and the first ends of the first pair of conductors are coupled to each other at the distal end of the catheter shaft to form a first thermocouple. A handle is coupled to the proximal end of the catheter shaft and receives the second ends of the first pair of conductors, and the handle includes a digitizing circuit coupled to the second ends of the first pair of conductors for digitizing a voltage signal of the first thermocouple.

Abstract: An anti-fouling sleeve for an endotracheal tube, a method of placement, and the tools for placement. The anti-fouling sleeve occupies the entire length of endotracheal tube, and can be installed permanently or made removable and disposable. The sleeve may be instrumented with sensors and/or a UV light source to reduce and potentially eliminate biofilm formation. Once placed inside the endotracheal tube the sleeve expands to conform to the inner diameter of the tube. After use, any accumulated biofilm on the inner portion of the sleeve is removed leaving the inner portion of the endotracheal tube essentially sterile.

Abstract: A sensor system for sensing a stimulus in vivo includes an implantable sensor. The sensor comprises a passive resonator circuit having a resonant frequency and including at least a pair of generally parallel spirally wound unconnected conductive coils sandwiching a layer of solid dielectric material that manifest a change in property affecting the resonant frequency in response to application of the stimulus to the layer. A resonant frequency of the sensor is modulated by altering the spacing or gap between the coils or altering the overlapping area of the coils. The sensor is energized through application of radiofrequency energy and the responding resonant frequency is detected. The sensor can be advantageously attached to a medical implant to form a practical smart implant for clinical purposes.

Abstract: A sequence of three-dimensional thermal infrared images of the face or other area of the body is analyzed to extract time-varying maps which link skin surface temperature details to the locations of anatomical structures. Frame-to-frame quantitative variations in temperature and position of anatomical nodes of the body maps are determined for the sequence and compared to reference profiles to produce estimates of physiological condition and psychological state. The magnitude, latency, and duration of such variations at particular anatomical locations resulting from selected controlled stimuli have been determined to be strongly correlated with particular psychological states.

Abstract: The system assesses the endothelial function of a subject. Particularly, peripheral tissue perfusion measurements taken in a subject are compared to reference perfusion data and the comparison yields the assessment of endothelial function. The reference may be data indicative of peripheral tissue perfusion in a healthy person. Also, peripheral tissue perfusion measurements taken in a subject when perfusion is in an unperturbed state (the reference) can be compared to perfusion measurements taken promptly after a challenge to normal or unperturbed tissue perfusion of the subject.

Abstract: The invention concerns an assembly for heat treatment of a region of a biological tissue (410) comprising energy-generating means (100) to supply energy to the region; means (200) for measuring and recording spatial temperature distribution in said region; a control unit (300) comprising means for point-to-point digital processing of the temperature distribution in the region. The invention is characterised in that the energy-generating means comprise means(110) for spatial and temporal distribution of the power available to them on said region, the control unit (300) comprising means (330, 350), based on the temperature distribution, for controlling the amount and distribution of energy supplied by the generating means (100).

Abstract: Tissue-integrating electronic apparatuses, systems comprising such apparatuses and methods of using these apparatuses and systems for the detection of one or more signals are provided.

Abstract: An oral appliance assembly is described. The assembly includes an oral appliance component having an upper teeth tray and a lower teeth tray. The assembly further includes a module releasably connected to the oral appliance. The module includes at least one sensor that is positioned outside of the mouth and underneath the nares of a subject's nose when the oral appliance component is positioned in the subject's mouth. A method of measuring user compliance of an oral appliance is also described. The method includes positioning an oral appliance in the mouth of a subject, measuring at least one parameter of airflow from the subject's nose or mouth, and determining compliance based on the at least one measured parameter. A method of measuring effectiveness of an oral appliance is also described.

Abstract: The present invention provides for an Ophthalmic Lens device with passive event coloration mechanisms, which may not require a power source. An Ophthalmic Lens may comprise multiple event coloration mechanisms, wherein the event coloration mechanisms may or may not comprise similar embodiments. The event coloration mechanism may color or change color based on some predefined event. A predefined constituent or predefined condition of the tear fluid may be indicative of the predefined event, and the event coloration mechanisms may interact with the tear fluid, accordingly. In some embodiments, the passive event coloration mechanisms may be combined with Rigid Inserts or Media Inserts, wherein the inserts may provide additional functionalities.

Abstract: A system for measuring quantitative CSF flow in shunt tubing implanted under the skin. The system includes an array of thermosensors clustered in three sections, cooling device, placed on the skin surface and an associated data acquisition and analysis device. Two sensor sections are placed over the shunt on the skin and measure real time temperature responses related to CSF movement. One array placed adjacent the cooling device collects data on thermal properties of skin including skin thermal condictivity, specific heat, diffusivity, perfusion, and thermal inertia. The method involves assessing thermal properties of skin and measuring CSF flow in shunt tubing. The method is useful for shunt patency assessment, CSF valve adjustment procedures and CSF flow measurements related to CSF over drainage. Alternatively, only one section of sensors need be used when determining relative CSF flow, without the need to determine thermal skin properties and by applying the cooling device continuously.

Abstract: A restraint device includes at least one sensor configured to sense at least one parameter associated with the wearer of the restraint device. The sensed parameter may be a physiological parameter of the wearer, or the sensed parameter may be a biological substance, a chemical substance, or a radioactive substance, for example. The restraint device may further include a device communicating with the sensor and configured to store and/or transmit information related to the sensed parameter via Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) communication.

Abstract: A low profile temperature transducer has a working surface for placement against a body surface and a first output. The transducer is a flat laminate composed of alternating conductive and dielectric layers. The laminate defines at least one slotline antenna for exposure to the body surface to pick up thermal emissions from the underlying tissue at depth. A feed network having a characteristic impedance is connected to the first output and a slotline-to-stripline transition is connected between the at least one antenna and the feed network, the transition providing a match between the impedance at the at least one antenna and the characteristic impedance. Also, a temperature sensor may be present at the working surface to detect the body surface temperature under the transducer, that surface temperature being used to calculate actual temperature at depth.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a monitor and monitoring system suitable for attachment to the skin of a mammal, including a human. The monitor and monitoring system are designed for continuous wireless real-time measurement of physiological signals and transmission of the measurements to a remote computer or mobile device.

Abstract: A biofeedback system and method enables biofeedback training to be accomplished during normal interaction by an individual with the individual's environment, for example while reading, playing video games, watching TV, participating in sports activities, or at work. Physiologic data is processed and used to generate one or more control signals based on the physiologic data. The control signals may be proportional to a result of the data processing, or based on comparison of the processing results with at least one fixed or adaptive threshold. The control signal is supplied to a wearable device through which the individual receives sensory information from the individual's environment, and serves to interrupt or modify the sensory information.

Abstract: Systems and methods for animal health monitoring are described. In one embodiment, an animal health monitoring system includes a ruminant bolus transponder, a high frequency radio frequency transceiver device, and at least one base station including a high frequency radio frequency transceiver, wherein the high frequency radio frequency transceiver device is proximally located to the bolus transponder, wherein the ruminant bolus periodically emerges from a low power dormant state and measures data including at least one sensor measurement including time and date data, wherein the ruminant bolus is configured to store the measured data using the memory connected to the microcontroller in the ruminant bolus, wherein the ruminant bolus periodically emerges from a low power dormant state and transmits the stored data in the memory to the proximally located device via high frequency RF transmission, and wherein the ruminant bolus can be spontaneously activated by a low frequency scanner.

Abstract: A protective cover for an insertion probe of a medical instrument. The cover contains a flexible tubular body that compliments the probe geometry and a radially disposed flange that surrounds the proximal end of the body. A series of snap-on fasteners removably connect the cover to the instrument. A camming surface is located on the outer face of the flange which coacts with a cam follower that is movably mounted upon the instrument to flex the cover sufficiently to open the fastener and release the cover from the instrument and move the cover axially toward the distal end of the tip.

Abstract: Medical vital signs (110) are captured, recorded, processed, and a signal quality assessment (160) is computed based on signal waveform components such as slope, amplitude, time to rise, time at peak, and degree to which signal peaks (420) and valleys (430). The signal assessment (160) may be used as a basis for rating the quality (130) of the underlying vital signal, to increase the quality of the signal by removing noisy segments and physiologically impossible peaks (42) and valleys (434), to detect a parameter value (120), to label a waveform (140), or to prompt an alarm (550) to indicate the signal has reached a critical level and issue a warning to the user of the vital data. The signal and the assessment are stored in an indexed, searchable data storage memory (590) from which the signals may be retrieved and displayed (300).

Abstract: A bio-information acquiring terminal for acquiring bio-information includes a bath device (300). The bath device (300) is provided with a bio-information measuring unit (320) configured to measure bio-information of a user taking a bath, and a fingerprint authentication unit (303) configured to specify the user. According to the above configuration, it is possible to easily manage daily changes of the health condition of the user in his or her daily life.

Abstract: Described embodiments include a handheld or hand operated device and a method. The method includes contacting a skin surface of a patient and palpating a tissue using a palpation element, the palpation element carried by a handheld or hand operated device and movable with respect to the handheld or hand operated device. The method includes actively stabilizing the handheld or hand operated device during the palpating the tissue. The method includes characterizing a reaction of the tissue to the palpating. The method includes transmitting the characterization of the tissue reaction to a remote communication module.

Abstract: A system and method for assessing a peripheral neuropathy risk wherein the system and method according to one embodiment of the present invention detects abnormality which may be directed to a probability, a stage, a category, or other indicator as to the degree of progression of the disease.

Abstract: An edema monitor uses patient-specific measurements of tissue conductivity and tissue perfusion and an empirically developed perfusion coefficient of thermal conductivity to obtain tissue intravascular water and tissue extravascular water components of tissue total water. Edema is an excess of tissue extravascular water. A value for edema is obtained by deducting from the obtained value for tissue extravascular water a normal value for tissue extravascular water.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed to monitor physiological for the occurrence of life threatening events and to apply stimulation to prevent the occurrence of said life-threatening events. Systems and methods for applying the stimulation are also disclosed. These systems include applying the stimulation through via a mattress having a passive section and an active section, a plurality of focal stimulators, and/or an array to apply the stimulation are also disclosed. These devices include a mattress with an active region and a passive region, a stimulating array do deliver targeted stimulation, and a plurality of stimulators to apply focused stimulation.

Abstract: The temperature of a patient is a significant predictor of death in heart failure patients. Temperature provides a window into the physiology of the patient's underlying condition and may be used as an early marker for CHF exacerbations. The patient's temperature is taken to form a time series of temperature values. In accordance with some embodiments, the time series of temperature values is converted to the frequency domain by, for example, a discrete Fourier Transform. The frequency domain representation then is analyzed for a marker indicative of the worsening condition of the patient. In accordance with other embodiments, the patient's time series of temperature values is analyzed for a marker using, for example, Cosinor analysis. In yet other embodiments, both the time and frequency domain temperature data is analyzed for markers of the patient's worsening medical condition.

Abstract: A brace device for the support of a wearer. The brace device comprises a flexible smart fabric, operable to partially or substantially enclose and/or lie adjacent to one or more portions of the thoracic, lumbar and/or cervical portions of the spine of the wearer. Fabric hardening means are provided, operable to partially or substantially harden one or more regions of the smart fabric upon application of an activating stimulus, thereby to prohibit, restrict and/or resist movement of one or more portions of the spine of the wearer. One or more predetermined regions of the smart fabric are in a substantially flexible configuration when the fabric hardening means are not activated, facilitating positioning, fitment and/or adjustment of the device around the wearer.

Abstract: Support structures for positioning sensors on a physiologic tunnel for measuring physical, chemical and biological parameters of the body and to produce an action according to the measured value of the parameters. The support structure includes a sensor fitted on the support structures using a special geometry for acquiring continuous and undisturbed data on the physiology of the body. Signals are transmitted to a remote station by wireless transmission such as by electromagnetic waves, radio waves, infrared, sound and the like or by being reported locally by audio or visual transmission. The physical and chemical parameters include brain function, metabolic function, hydrodynamic function, hydration status, levels of chemical compounds in the blood, and the like. The support structure includes patches, clips, eyeglasses, head mounted gear and the like, containing passive or active sensors positioned at the end of the tunnel with sensing systems positioned on and accessing a physiologic tunnel.

Abstract: A device includes a clamp and a sensor. The sensor can be permanently attached to the clamp and tissue by the force exerted by the clamp. The clamp includes a first jaw member and a second jaw member. The first jaw member has a jaw face and the second jaw member has a complementary face. The second jaw member is held in alignment with the first jaw member by a joint. The joint has an elastic member configured to exert a compressive force between the jaw face and the complementary face. The joint is configured to allow movement of the jaw face relative to the complementary face in directions corresponding to pitch, roll, yaw, and heave. The compressive force is distributed over a surface of the jaw face. The sensor is coupled to the jaw face or held in place by the compressive force of the jaw face. The sensor is configured to generate a sensor signal corresponding to a physiological parameter of tissue proximate the jaw face.

Abstract: The information relating to physical and/or biomedical parameters of a person carrying out, in real conditions, an activity distinguished by high mechanical stresses is detected by sensors (10, 12, 16, 18, 20, 22, 30) which are mounted on, or form part of, a garment worn while carrying out said activity. During all the stages of said activity this information is converted into data in digital format which are stored in an electronic recording device (100) or “data logger”. Advantages: the stored data may be used by other persons also far from the location where the activity is being performed and/or at a later time.

Abstract: A variety of methods and arrangements for sharing medical data are described. In one aspect, one or more data streams are received from one or more medical imaging/sensing or other types of devices. Frames are obtained from the streams. In some embodiments, particular frames and/or parts of frames are selectively encrypted. The frames are transmitted to a remote device, where they are rendered and/or displayed at the remote device. In various embodiments, the frames of different streams are synchronized.

Abstract: The invention comprises an apparatus for determining the contextual or physiological status of the individual wearing the apparatus. The apparatus is designed to be consumable or disposable. In most embodiments the invention comprises an adhesive housing. In some embodiments, two different sensors are secured to the housing. The apparatus is in electronic communication with a processing unit that can derive analytical status data by using the data received from the two sensors. In some embodiments, the processing unit is programmed to control other devices, or is programmed to trigger an event. In still other embodiments, the apparatus is in electronic communication with a separate computing device, which may contain the processing unit.

Abstract: A medical mouthpiece may include a U-shaped first member having a tubular portion, the first member forming at least one lateral interocclusal passageway extending through the first member, and a second member received within the tubular portion. A medical breathing apparatus may include a U-shaped first member forming left and right lateral interocclusal passageways extending through the first member, a second member attached to the first member, and an adapter receivable within a tubular portion of the first member, wherein the adapter includes a respiratory orifice configured to deliver respiratory gas to the left and right lateral interocclusal passageways. A method for delivering positive pressure and/or a respiratory gas to a patient may include inserting a mouthpiece into a mouth of the patient, and delivering the positive pressure and/or the respiratory gas through the mouthpiece to a space adjacent a posterior oropharynx of the patient.