Abstract: Dental devices in the form of a temporary implant for securing a rubber dam clamp, and a nerve locator for aiding a dental surgeon during oral surgery on a patient.

Abstract: An apparatus for helping to determine tactile sensitivity of a patient includes a housing and a probe supported by the housing and having a probe tip. The probe is adapted for selective longitudinal movement relative to the housing between a first probe position, wherein the probe tip is substantially extended from the housing, and a second probe position, wherein the probe tip is substantially retracted into the housing. A first biasing means is adapted to urge the probe toward the first probe position. A predetermined motive force is selectively exerted between the probe tip and the patient to move the probe from the first probe position to the second probe position. The motive force is indicative of tactile sensitivity of the patient. A method for helping to determine tactile sensitivity of a patient is also described.

Abstract: A database methodology that concerns the mapping of any arbitrary object into a plurality of regions, enabling the assignment of multiple region-specific attributes thereto and facilitating the concurrent, graphical presentation of any assigned attributes. Attribute storage, manipulation, and presentation are driven by the individual regions and characteristics of the object.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for consistently designating appropriate treatment protocols for patients, particularly protocols involving wounds or wound prevention. Specifically, the invention relates to methods wherein a patient condition such as a wound is assessed against defined scales for classifying and grading, which assessment is used in a visual decision tree device to identify one or more components of a treatment protocol.

Abstract: An artificial Central Pattern Generator (CPG) based on the naturally-occuring central pattern generator locomotor controller for walking, running, swimming, and flying animals may be constructed to be self-adaptive, by providing for the artificial CPG, which may be a chip, to tune its behavior based on sensory feedback. It is believed that this is the first instance of an adaptive CPG chip. Such a sensory feedback-using system with an artificial CPG may be used in mechanical applications such as a running robotic leg, in walking, flying and swimming machines, and in miniature and larger robots, and also in biological systems, such as a surrogate neural system for patients with spinal damage.

Abstract: Novel methods for measuring the soothing attributes of personal care compositions are disclosed. The methods disclosed are particularly suitable for measuring and comparing the soothing attributes of facial tissue to determine which facial tissue is most soothing to damaged skin. The methods include damaging the skin of a test subject to a predetermined amount, contacting a test facial tissue with the damage skin, and rating the soothing attributes of the facial tissue. In a preferred embodiment, the amount of skin damage on the skin is determined by the test subject.

Abstract: A non-invasive quantitative somatosensory apparatus is provided for evaluating erectile dysfunctions and involves the applications to the glans penis of two different temperatures. If the patient is unable to differentiate the difference in temperature, a diagnosis of neurologic dysfunction can be made with greater than 90% reliability. The apparatus of this invention provides a relatively simple device to assess a patient's neurological response to therapies.

Abstract: Novel methods for measuring the soothing attributes of personal care compositions are disclosed. The methods disclosed are particularly suitable for measuring and comparing the soothing attributes of facial tissue to determine which facial tissue is most soothing to damaged skin. The methods include damaging the skin of a test subject to a predetermined amount, contacting a test facial tissue with the damaged skin, and rating the soothing attributes of the facial tissue. In a preferred embodiment, the amount of skin damage on the skin is determined by the test subject.

Abstract: A method of obtaining and displaying pain information from a user connected to a pain-tracking computer through a computer network is provided. The invention provides a system that allows users, and health care professionals to track the location and intensity of a patient's pain and the corresponding symptoms, lifestyle and medication usage over a period of time.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses and systems relating to the objective measurement of the subjective perception of pain in a subject are disclosed. In one aspect, a system for objectively measuring a subjective perception of pain by a subject comprises a plurality of electrodes, including a left channel electrode and a right channel electrode. The plurality of electrodes measures electrical activity at a respective plurality of sites on the subject to generate at least two sets of electrical activity measurements. The system further comprises a processor for processing the at least two sets of electrical activity measurements into at least two normalized signals, and comparing the at least two normalized signals to each other to identify the presence of pain in the subject.

Abstract: An automated process of making a medical test implement, such as a LEAP Testing Implement, includes the steps of providing a handle element, providing a deformable test element, and mechanically mating the deformable test element to the handle element so that at least a portion of the deformable test element extends from the handle element. The deformable test element deforms when a predetermined load is applied thereto.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses and systems relating to the objective measurement of the subjective perception of pain in a subject are disclosed. In one aspect, a system for objectively measuring a subjective perception of pain by a subject comprises a plurality of electrodes, including a left channel electrode and a right channel electrode. The plurality of electrodes measures electrical activity at a respective plurality of sites on the subject to generate at least two sets of electrical activity measurements. The system further comprises a processor for processing the at least two sets of electrical activity measurements into at least two normalized signals, and comparing the at least two normalized signals to each other to identify the presence of pain in the subject.

Abstract: A method of diagnosing neurological impairments such as multiple sclerosis includes the determination of the simultaneity threshold of a pair of sensory stimuli, such as visual or tactile stimuli, separated temporally by a stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA). The stimuli may be presented unilaterally or bilaterally. Interhemispheric transfer times may also be determined by determining the difference in simultaneity thresholds for bilateral and unilateral presentations. Simultaneity thresholds and interhemispheric transfer times are significantly elevated in patients with MS and other neurological impairments. An apparatus for delivering such sensory stimuli includes an array of visual stimuli and tactile stimulators, a computer-implemented control program and a precise timing mechanism.

Abstract: A functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) compatible magnetomechanical vibrotactile device (MVD) uses wire coils having small oscillatory currents to interact with the large static magnetic field inherent to MRI scanners. The resulting Lorentz forces which are exerted on the MVD can be oriented to generate large vibrations that may be easily converted to translational motions as large as several centimeters. Representative data demonstrate the flexibility of MVDs to generate different well-controlled vibratory and tactile stimuli to activate special proprioceptive and cutaneous somatosensory afferent pathways.

Abstract: The present invention comprises devices and methods that deliver electromagnetic radiation (EMR) from an emitter to a target and employ a laser or sonar (a sensing method) to measure distance between the target and EMR emitter and automatically signal the emitter control circuitry to vary either the position or the power output of the emitter (as appropriate) in order to ensure that the effect of any change in distance on the energy incident to the target is compensated rapidly and automatically. In a preferred embodiment, the device is a hand-held, non-contact heatbeam dolorimeter.

Abstract: Methods and combinations relate to information obtained by using a brain imaging technique. In one example, there is a method of determining information reflecting impact of a product on skin sensitivity.

Abstract: An electrode assembly adapted to be attached to the skin over selected facial muscle groups picks up signals to be analyzed by an anesthesia adequacy monitor that measures the level of awareness of a living animal, typically a human being. The electrode assembly also includes a stimulator that stimulates a facial nerve to determine the level of paralysis, or neuro muscular block, of the facial muscles. Also disclosed is a method of manufacturing the electrode assembly by printing a pattern of electrically conductive material through a silk-screen or an ink type process onto a flexible layer, and then coating the result with a non-conducting adhesive except at points corresponding to sensing points for the desired muscle groups. Finally, a method for using such sensing and stimulating devices is shown in determining and maintaining an appropriate level of patient awareness, muscle paralysis, and analgesia under anesthesia.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus and a method for monitoring the autonomous nervous system in an individual, especially for detecting pain, by utilizing spontaneous change in skin conductance. The apparatus comprises measuring equipment (3, 4) for measuring the skin's conductance, and storage and processing means (5) for deriving secondary characteristics of the conductance signal, thus enabling it by means of signal means (6) to indicate that the pain or other activity in the autonomous nervous system has reached a certain threshold. The invention also relates to a method for controlling a warning signal (7) in such an apparatus.

Abstract: A method of obtaining information from a user connected to a pain-tracking computer through a computer network is provided. A user graphically indicates pain intensity, the location of the pain, and provides input on selected information and/or questions and transmits it to the pain-tracking computer. The pain intensity and location information correspond to pain experienced by the user during different time periods. The pain-tracking computer then creates a color-coded video displaying the pain information.

Abstract: The present invention comprises devices and methods that deliver electromagnetic radiation (EMR) from an emitter to a target and employ a laser or sonar (a sensing method) to measure distance between target and EMR emitter and automatically signal the emitter control circuitry to vary either the position or the power output of the emitter (as appropriate) in order to ensure that the effect of any change in distance on the energy incident to the target is compensated rapidly and automatically. In a preferred embodiment, the device is a hand-held, non-contact heatbeam dolorimeter.

Abstract: A system and a method for computerized automated acquisition of the Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) for quantifying level of consciousness following traumatic brain injury performs the assessment of the GCS of critically ill patients on a periodic basis. Based on measurement of stimulus-induced standard physiological and verbal responses of the patient such as EMG, EOG and simple utterances, the system produces a coma score, which corresponds one-to-one with the score obtained by human assessors. The apparatus used for automated assessment of a degree of consciousness in a patient comprises a computer having a program stored therein to assess consciousness of the patient, at least one electrode coupled to the computer for sensing a physical response, a speaker coupled to the computer for producing an audio signal, a microphone coupled to the computer configured to sense an audio response from the patient, and a pain stimulator coupled to the computer to generate a pain stimulus in the patient.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for implementing a training regimen which addresses motor control problems accompanied by sensory degradation. Accordingly, the training regimen is applicable to motor control disorders associated with a variety of different causes, including traumatic injury, disease, aging and gradual “occupational” type injury. For example, in an individual suffering from repetitive strain injury (RSI), the disabling motor control problems are often accompanied by sensory problems. These sensory problems appear to be caused over time by harmful attended rapid repetitive movements resulting in undesirable changes in the somatosensory, proprioceptive and/or kinesthetic ability of the affected regions of the individual.

Abstract: An instrument for a health practitioner to use in the course of a neurological or physical examination includes: a cylindrical, battery-operated penlight device, a pin prick mechanism, a reflex hammer and/or measuring device, and/or a vibratory mechanism. The pin prick mechanism includes: (a) a removable cylindrical pin dispenser carousel which fits closely over one end of the instrument, and has adjacent pin compartments around the periphery of the pin dispenser carousel, each compartment being capable of loosely holding a straight pin; (b) a recessed band at one end of the instrument, which the pin dispenser carousel fits down over; and (c) a slide mechanism for pushing a portion of a single straight pin from the carousel compartment up through an aperture at the top of the pin dispenser carousel. The pin dispenser carousel is rotatable to a next pin position for repeated use.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for delivering dual point pressure sensations to a subject to provide not only tactile sensory forces, but also precise gradations of these forces in a single hand-held unit. The operator can, by varying the distance between extensions, know exactly when a subject feels a dual point sensation in order to evaluate peripheral nerve sensory function.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods are provided for simultaneous assessment of a subject's subjective and objective pain states. These include a dolorimeter arrangement for determining a subject's cutaneous pain tolerance level at any site on the body. In certain preferred embodiments, the dolorimeter is hand-held and utilizes a sonar distance-measuring device. In another aspect, the systems, devices, and methods of the current invention include platforms effective for implementing pain monitoring methods that include delivering pain questionnaires to patients over a period of time points. The platforms may harvest analgesic drug data from nurses attending the patients, and may provide simple statistical analysis of collected data useful both at the bedside and at central base-stations. The platforms may provide additional functions based on analysis of patient pain data. Preferred embodiments of the current invention combine the dolorimeter arrangement with the platforms for implementing pain monitoring methods.

Abstract: An apparatus for testing and measuring sensory thresholds in humans and animals, including an electronic algometer and a probe housing. A strain gauge is installed within the probe housing and having one end fixed thereto and the other end movable. A support member is attached to the movable end of the strain gauge and extends out from an opening on the probe housing. A pipette member is press-fitted to the support member, where a resilient string has one end attached to the pipette member and the other end has a uniform tip diameter for creating a uniform reaction when a force is exerted thereto. The strain gauge measures the amount of deflection responsive to the force applied from the nylon string onto the support member with the uniform tip diameter of the resilient string in contact with the skin area of the human or animal and generates an electrical output signal indicative of the pressure applied.

Abstract: A device for the location and catheterization of the surrounding area of a nerve of a human or animal body, including a catheter and an electrically conducting puncture needle with proximal and distal ends, which puncture needle forms a continuous lumen with its proximal and distal end open and having an inside diameter which at least corresponds to the outside diameter of the catheter and which, in the region of its proximal end, is equipped with an electrical connecting part for the connection of the puncture needle to an electrical voltage source. At the proximal end, a connecting element with a through-hole communicating with the lumen is provided, onto which an injection tube for the introduction of a liquid through the through-hole into the lumen of the puncture needle is connected, and through the through-hole of which the catheter can be pushed forward into the lumen of the puncture needle all the way to the distal end thereof.

Abstract: The present invention is directed toward an apparatus and method for the accurate and uniform diagnosis and/or treatment of varying forms of pain that a person is experiencing. The apparatus is a hand-held device displaying two complimentary scales on opposite faces bearing a slidable indicator that a person can use to describe the amount and intensity of the pain that he/she is experiencing. One side of the device displays a patient's pain scale that depicts a spectrum of pain ranging from no pain to unbearable pain. The other side of the device displays a provider's pain scale divided into discrete intervals identifying verbal and/or numerical pain descriptors. The slidable indicator is mounted on the device and overlays both scales on each side of the panel. The slidable indicator has an indicator line for each scale. The indicator lines are arranged such that when one indicator line is moved, the other indicator line is moved in a complimentary manner.

Abstract: A device for evaluating loss of protective sensation, which comprises a probe mounted on a head that is pivotally attached to a handle member, is provided. The handle member has a protective channel. When the head is pivoted so that the device is operative, the probe extends outwardly from the handle member. When the head is pivoted into a closed position, the probe is stored within the protective channel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for delivering single point pressure sensations to a subject, to provide not only tactile sensory forces, but also precise gradations of these forces in a single hand-held unit. The operator can, by watching for the beginning of a bend in the monofilament probe, know exactly when the proper pressure for the test in progress has been applied. The device further comprises means to vary the angle at which the monofilament is delivered relative to the body portion by providing a choice of interchangeable tip members. The device enables a wide useful range of standardized force reading while substantially reducing the number of components required to accomplish meaningful diagnosis.

Abstract: An electrode assembly adapted to be attached to the skin over selected facial muscle groups picks up signals to be analyzed by an anesthesia adequacy monitor that measures the level of awareness of a living animal, typically a human being. The electrode assembly also includes a stimulator that stimulates a facial nerve to determine the level of paralysis, or neuro muscular block, of the facial muscles. Also disclosed is a method of manufacturing the electrode assembly by printing a pattern of electrically conductive material through a silk-screen or an ink type process onto a flexible layer, and then coating the result with a non-conducting adhesive except at points corresponding to sensing points for the desired muscle groups. Finally, a method for using such sensing and stimulating devices is shown in determining and maintaining an appropriate level of patient awareness, muscle paralysis, and analgesia under anesthesia.

Abstract: A device for evaluating protective sensation, comprising a probe and a folding card attached to the probe, such that a portion of the probe extends from the folding card when the folding card is in a first position. The device may be folded into a convenient size to carry in a health care practitioner's pocket, wallet, or purse, and the probe may be protected within the folding card when the folding card is folded in a certain position.

Abstract: A tactile sensory testing element for determining peripheral nerve sensory function in which commonly used monofilament is exchanged with nitinol, a nickel-titanium alloy which is more dependable in conducting such tests.

Abstract: Apparatus for relating pain and activity experienced by a patient comprises: pain transducing means for allowing a patient to select any one pain level from a predetermined number of pain levels and for producing a pain level signal indicative of the selected level; activity transducing means responsive to the pain level signal for measuring a level of a parameter of a physical activity of the patient near the time corresponding to the selection of the pain level and for producing an activity parameter level signal indicative of the measured level of the parameter; and relating means responsive to the pain level signal and the activity parameter level signal for characterizing the activity of the patient corresponding to the selected level of pain to be one activity level of a predetermined number of predefined activity levels and for producing a signal indicative of the characterized level of activity and the corresponding pain level.

Abstract: The test subject attaches pulse wave detectors 1 to his fingertips, and presses down on pressure sensor 110. As a result, CPU 4 determines the DC component of the received light signal LS, and stores this in calibration table 50 in association with the pressure level. Subsequently, CPU 4 calculates threshold values, which can be used for grading the touch sensation, based on maximum value Pmax of the pressure level and calibration table 50, and stores this result in threshold table 51. When the subject grips an object with his fingers, the blood flow volume is detected by pulse wave detector 1 as received light signal LS. CPU 4 calculates the DC component of received light signal LS, compares this result to the threshold values stored in threshold value table 51, generates touch information SJ, and displays this on LCD 108. Accordingly, in this case, pulse diagnosis can be easily performed by expressing the degree of pressure in the pulse diagnosis as touch information SJ.

Abstract: A measuring instrument for the measurement of an existing pain or a feeling of nausea of a patient. The measuring instrument induces pain in an arbitrary body part of said patient, by supplying an electrical current. The measuring instrument provides a current increase into said body part, until said induced pain is experienced by the patient as being as great as the existing pain/nausea. The current is supplied from a current source arranged in the measuring instrument via wires and electrodes, said electrodes being applied onto that part of the body in which pain is to be induced. When the pain induced is experienced to be as great as the existing pain/nausea, the body part is removed from the electrodes, whereupon a pain value is registered and shown on a display.

Abstract: Disclosed is a pain measurement system and method that make possible the quantitative measurement of human clinical pain. The perception of the pain generated by the subject's source of preexisting pain is compared with a pseudo pain feeling which is produced by a gradual change in an electric stimulus generated by the system. This device measures the point at which the subject's perception of actual pain approximates the intensity of the pseudo pain feeling generated by the system. In this way the magnitude of the source of pain [x] is estimated quantitatively. The minimum perception level of a subject is also determined and a ratio of current level for actual pain to current level for minimum perception level is taken to quantify the pain.

Abstract: An economical, diagnostic, sensory testing instrument having a semi-rigid filament rigidly secured within a hand-gripped support for use in the care and treatment of sensory-affecting conditions. The filament is adapted for perpendicular contact with a testing surface, and maintains an outwardly projecting orientation with respect to the support until such contact reaches a predetermined force that causes the filament to buckle.

Abstract: A device and methodology is disclosed for the objective measurement of pain in awake human subjects. A variable intensity painful stimulus is given to the subject in a time dependent manner, the patient's brain responses are recorded using an appropriate imaging modality (e.g. functional MR) while the subject indicates the level of discomfort using a "perceptometer" or other similar pain rating device. The pain rating is correlated with the imaging results using a quantitative analysis to characterize the brain's representation of this pain. Color overlays are generated on high resolution anatomical images (MR or other modality) of the brain summarizing the calculated pain related analysis information.

Abstract: Electromyogram, temperature and heart rate measurements, which correlate to the dermatomal level and density of neural blockade, are obtained in a passive manner, i.e., the patient is not stimulated or exposed to any sensor that requires an active conduction in order to make a measurement and no active patient participation or response is required. The measurements obtained provide objective and quantitative indications of, for example, epidural blockade with local anesthetics, thus, allowing objective real-time assessment of density and level of neural blockade.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for implementing a training regimen which addresses motor control problems accompanied by sensory degradation. Accordingly, the training regimen is applicable to motor control disorders associated with a variety of different causes, including traumatic injury, disease, aging and gradual "occupational" type injury. For example, in an individual suffering from repetitive strain injury (RSI), the disabling motor control problems are often accompanied by sensory problems. These sensory problems appear to be caused over time by harmful attended rapid repetitive movements resulting in undesirable changes in the somatosensory, proprioceptive and/or kinesthetic ability of the affected regions of the individual.

Abstract: A method is used for measuring perception of an observer using a stimulus output device for presenting stimuli to the observer, and a stimulus manipulation device permitting the observer to modify the presented stimuli by selecting related stimuli from a database of stimuli.

Abstract: A hand held instrument for use by a health care examiner in test evaluation of the threshold of cutaneous sensory perception of a body surface area of a human patient, particularly the hands and fingers and the feet and toes of the patient. The instrument includes a handle of approximate pencil length and configuration with a pivotal forward head portion. A monofilament element of selected bending force rating is affixed to and projects from the forward head portion of the instrument for application to a body surface area for evaluating the patient's sensory perception thereof. The pivotal forward head portion of the instrument is positionable between two points of filament orientation. The first position of the head portion of the instrument results in projection of the monofilament element in a test evaluation position whereat the filament element extends downwardly from the handle at an angle of about 90 degrees.

Abstract: A two piece neurodiagnostic test instrument sensitive to the prevalence of blood borne pathogens in a clinical environment. The test instrument provides a weighted balance to conduct a proper neurodiagnostic test without fear of puncturing a patient's skin. The instrument alone and without additional force applied by the physician provides the necessary weight to achieve accuracy and consistency during an examination procedure. The test instrument includes a weighted stainless steel reusable handle with a disposable plastic pinwheel test head releasably attached thereto. The test head includes a first end with coupling arms which are inserted into a receptacle in a first end of the weighted handle. A second end of the test head includes a rotatable pin wheel with a shroud disposed around an upper portion of the pin wheel. The weighted handle includes a hollow elliptical tube with a spring biased ejector bar received inside the tube.

Abstract: To control the reflex response of a muscle or muscular group articulating a joint of a living body, the method and device apply an external pressure to the mechano-receptors guiding the natural reflex mechanism of the muscle or muscular group. The mechano-receptors include skin mechano-receptors and deeper joint mechano-receptors. To increase the reflex response of the muscle or muscular group, a light pressure intensity .ltoreq.200 mmHg is applied to stimulate only the skin mechano-receptors and thereby increase the reflex response of the muscle or muscular group. To inhibit the reflex response of the muscle or muscular group, a high pressure intensity .gtoreq.400 mmHg is applied to stimulate the deeper joint mechano-receptors such as the Golgi tendons to thereby increase the reflex response of the muscle or muscular group.