Abstract: A surgical tool for a surgical robotic system, the surgical tool comprising: a surgical tool grasper having a jaw operable to perform a surgical procedure; a handle coupled to the surgical tool grasper and having a lever operable to actuate the jaw; and an actuation combiner mechanism coupled to the lever and operable to combine an actuation force output of the lever with an actuation force output of a motor to control the operation of the jaw or the lever.

Abstract: A surgical device. The surgical device may comprise a transducer, an end effector, a generator and a control circuit. The transducer may be configured to provide vibrations. The end effector may be coupled to the transducer and may extend from the transducer along the longitudinal axis. The generator may provide an electrical signal to the transducer. Also, the control circuit may modify a current amplitude of the electrical signal in response to a change in a vibration frequency of the end effector. Accordingly to various embodiments, the control circuit may detect a first contribution to a vibration frequency of the end effector, the first contribution originating from tissue in contact with the end effector. Also, according to various embodiments, the control circuit may indicate a change in a vibration frequency of the end effector.

Abstract: Disclosed is a surgical instrument having a housing, an end-effector, and a user interface. The end-effector includes a clamp arm and an ultrasonic blade configured to couple to an ultrasonic transducer and to a pole of an electrical generator. The clamp arm includes a clamp jaw pivotally movable about a pivot point, an electrode defining a surface configured to contact tissue and apply electrical energy to the tissue in contact therewith and configured to couple to an opposite pole of the electrical generator. The user interface includes a first activation button switch to activate a first energy source and a second button switch to select an energy mode for the activation button switch.

Abstract: The present application provides an ultrasonic wake-up system. The system includes an ultrasonic imaging device, an ultrasound stimulation device, and an ultrasound stimulation effect evaluation device, and acquires an ultrasonic image of a target object through the ultrasonic imaging device, transmits an ultrasound to the target object based on the ultrasonic image through the ultrasound stimulation device, and adjusts the transmitted ultrasound required through the ultrasound stimulation effect evaluation device. Therefore, peripheral nerves are accurately stimulated, an uplink reticular wake-up system is activated, so as to wake up patients with disorders of consciousness.

Abstract: Disclosed is a skin management device with an improved skin management effect as electric deep-heat by high frequency and heat by ultrasound physical vibration may be simultaneously provided to the skin.

Abstract: The tissue removal device using focused ultrasound includes a focused ultrasound output unit, a mode setting unit to set an output mode of the focused ultrasound, and a control unit to control output characteristics of the focused ultrasound according to the set mode, wherein the output mode is selected from a first mode for removing a tissue in a local area using a vapor bubble formed by the focused ultrasound, a second mode for removing a tissue in a narrower area than the first mode by controlling the output characteristics of the focused ultrasound immediately after the vapor bubble is formed by the focused ultrasound, and a third mode for obtaining a skin tightening effect by generating heating in a subcutaneous fat layer using focused ultrasound of lower intensity and a longer pulse length than the first mode and the second mode.

Abstract: Treatment device for ultrasonic treatment and high frequency treatment procedure is equipped with an ultrasonic transducer including piezoelectric elements converting electrical power into ultrasonic vibrations. The treatment device includes a transmission rod with a treatment probe and jaw for clasping objects. The transmission rod includes one or more features for damping, to minimize or prevent excess vibrations and to, among other things, decrease frictional heat caused by the friction between the damping features and the transmission rod arising from attenuating the ultrasonic vibrations.

Abstract: Some embodiments provide a method including applying high-intensity focused ultrasound energy to a skin treatment area with simultaneous movement of the transducer body across the skin treatment area to form a pattern of treatment lines in tissue at a first depth below the surface of the skin. For example, the pattern of treatment lines may be formed by the movement of the transducer body during one or more treatment cycles. A preferred pattern of treatment lines includes treatment lines that intersect. Furthermore, the method may further include applying the high-intensity focused ultrasound energy to the skin treatment area with simultaneous movement of the transducer body across the skin treatment area to form a second pattern of treatment lines in tissue at a second depth below the surface of the skin and a third pattern of treatment lines in tissue at a third depth below the surface of the skin.

Abstract: A cosmetic device includes: a body from which a first head portion and a second head portion protrude in directions different from each other; a front assembly disposed on the first head portion; a rear assembly disposed on the second head portion; and an iontophoresis electrode disposed to be spaced apart from the front assembly and the rear assembly on an outer surface of the body. The front assembly includes an inner electrode, an outer electrode disposed outside the inner electrode, and an ultrasonic vibrator disposed on a rear surface of the inner electrode to generate ultrasonic waves. The rear assembly includes a thermoelectric element and a cooling cover cooled by the thermoelectric element.

Abstract: A method for analyzing a digestive tract of a patient using ultrasound. The method includes receiving a plurality of ultrasound images taken over a time series, determining movement characteristics of objects within the ultrasound images based on movement of one or more pixels in the ultrasound images over the time series, and outputting a visual data that describes the movement characteristics.

Abstract: A surgical instrument includes a shaft, an ultrasonic transducer, a waveguide acoustically coupled with the ultrasonic transducer and extending distally through the shaft, and an end effector arranged at a distal end of the shaft. The end effector includes an ultrasonic blade acoustically coupled with the waveguide, a clamp arm movable relative to the ultrasonic blade for clamping tissue, and an RF electrode operable to seal tissue with RF energy. The ultrasonic transducer is operable to drive the waveguide and the ultrasonic blade with ultrasonic energy. The surgical instrument further includes an ultrasonic electrical circuit operable to energize the ultrasonic transducer, and an RF electrical circuit operable to deliver RF energy to the RF electrode. A return path of the ultrasonic electrical circuit and a return path of the RF electrical circuit pass through a shared electrically conductive element.

Abstract: The subject matter of the present disclosure generally relates to techniques for neuromodulation of lymphatic tissue that include applying one or more energy pulses to a neuron of a subject, e.g., via an electrode positioned to deliver sufficient energy to the neuron, to modulate immune function. For example, an adaptive immune reflex of a subject may be modulated via neuromodulation.

Abstract: A transducer transmits into the bone a first plurality of excitation pulses at a plurality of frequencies and measures a plurality of echoes corresponding to the plurality of excitation pulses. An ultrasound machine calculates a plurality of energies each corresponding to a respective one of the plurality of echoes and identifies a lowest echo corresponding to a lowest of the plurality of energies. The ultrasound machine matches the lowest echo to a corresponding one of the first plurality of excitation pulses, the corresponding one of the first plurality of excitation pulses having a chosen frequency. The ultrasound machine generates an acoustic impulse response by deconvolving the corresponding one of the first plurality of excitation pulses with the lowest echo, and generates an updated sensing matrix by convolving the initial sensing matrix with the acoustic impulse response. Subsequent ultrasounds use the updated sensing matrix.

Abstract: Methods of using pulsed focused ultrasound (pFUS) therapy to treat pancreatic disorders such as type 1 diabetes, pancreatitis, and pancreatic cancer are provided. The methods utilize pulsed focused ultrasound (pFUS) therapy either by itself or in combination with islet transplantation and/or stem cell therapy to promote regeneration of damaged pancreatic tissue, increase insulin secretion in response to glucose, or improve engraftment and revascularization of transplanted islets or beta cells. Additionally, methods of using pFUS are provided for modulating paracrine secretion in the pancreas, islets, beta cells, or stem cells, or at a transplantation site to therapeutically alter levels of various factors including, without limitation, cytokines, growth factors, angiogenic factors, and cell adhesion molecules.

Abstract: A vibration transmission member for an ultrasonic treatment tool includes: a main body including a central axis, a distal end (DE), and a proximal end (PE), a center moving portion (CMP) at a distal side of a node where the DE meets the CMP, the node being at a most DE of the main body, and a curved portion (CP) at a distal side of the CMP. In a direction from a PE of the CP toward a DE of the CP, the CP is curved in a first direction. The center of gravity of the CMP moves along the CMP toward the DE of the CMP, the center of gravity moves relative to the central axis in a second direction. The CP extends from the DE of the main body to the PE of the CP. The CP includes a plurality of notches along a periphery of the CP.

Abstract: A surgical handpiece and an autoclavable surgical handpiece are disclosed. The surgical handpiece and the autoclavable surgical handpiece include a housing and a visible light emitter disposed within the housing. The surgical handpiece includes a cable adjacent to the housing and a strain relief member coupled to the cable, the strain relief member being disposed adjacent to the housing and configured to transmit visible light emitted by the visible light emitter therethrough. The autoclavable surgical handpiece includes a potting material disposed between the visible light emitter and the housing, the potting material having a melting point above 120 degrees Celsius and being configured to thermally insulate the visible light emitter and to transmit visible light emitted by the visible light emitter therethrough.

Abstract: The present embodiment comprises: an ultrasonic transducer for generating ultrasonic waves; an inner electrode having a space in which the ultrasonic transducer is accommodated; a window disposed outside the outer periphery of the inner electrode; an LED PCB disposed at the rear of the window and having an LED disposed thereon; and an outer electrode spaced apart from the inner electrode on the window, wherein the inner electrode comprises: a front body having the ultrasonic transducer disposed on the rear surface thereof; and a hollow body protruding backward from the outer periphery of the front body and having a space formed therein, wherein an inner waterproofing ring is disposed between the hollow body and the window.

Abstract: A medical system includes an outer catheter comprising one or more first lumens, a sealing device coupled to the outer catheter, an inner instrument configured to be slideably deployed through one of the one or more first lumens and comprising one or more first sensors configured to detect one or more anatomical features below a surface of the anatomic passageway, one or more second sensors, and a processor. The processor is configured to detect bleeding into the anatomic passageway from outside the anatomic passageway using the one or more second sensors and disable advancement of the inner instrument when the one or more first sensors detect the one or more anatomical features. The one or more second sensors are configured to be positioned distal to the sealing device and mounted on the inner instrument near a distal end of the inner instrument.

Abstract: A tool for creating an incision at a surgical site includes a body for use with a robotic end effector having a proximal end and a distal end, and a blade positioned at the distal end of the body, the blade having a proximal end and a distal end, the blade having a cutting edge defining a first portion extending outwardly from or adjacent to the proximal end to a maximum width and a second portion extending inwardly from the maximum width to a sharp distal tip.

Abstract: An adapter assembly is configured to provide a fluid flow path for a rotary tool having a punch. The adapter assembly has a housing removably coupled to the rotary tool. the rotary tool has a lower end near a tip and an upper end away from the tip. A gasket is detachably arranged within the housing, around the punch and further comprising an upper seal portion and a lower seal portion. The upper seal portion has a smaller inner diameter than the lower seal portion. A fluid path is arranged through the housing, at least one hole in the gasket, and out of a lumen in the punch.

Abstract: A flue for use with an ultrasonic surgical tip, comprising protrusions or bumps on its inner surface with improved protrusion pattern, density and location. The flue has enhanced cooling effect for the ultrasonic surgical tip.

Abstract: Described herein are accelerator devices for providing a couplant while moving an ultrasound probe over a surface. The devices may include a reservoir configured to hold ultrasound couplant. The reservoir may attach to a probe so as to dispense the couplant at one or more locations along a perimeter of the probe while moving the ultrasound probe over the surface. The devices may additionally, or alternatively, include a membrane configured to hold ultrasound couplant. The membrane may charge a couplant layer of an ultrashield prior to or while moving the ultrasound probe over a surface during an ultrasound procedure.

Abstract: Systems and methods for performing spine surgery. A retractor may be positioned within a patient to facilitate maintaining a volume of fluid at the surgical site. The retractor includes an opening capable of receiving one or more surgical instruments, for example, a cutting instrument and an endoscope. A cutting member of the cutting instrument is submerged and operated within the volume of fluid to resect tissue, for example, within the intervertebral disc space. The volume of fluid is maintained at the surgical site improves cooling of the surgical site and visualization of the surgical site via the endoscope during resection. The volume of fluid is maintained at the surgical site via the surgical system. The surgical system may include a sensor for measuring the level of fluid in the retractor, an inflow source and an outflow source in fluid communication with the retractor, and a controller controlling the surgical system.

Abstract: Systems and methods can include wearable, non-invasive ultrasound modalities for treating a variety of medical conditions, including but not limited to peripheral vascular disease. The modality could be therapeutic ultrasound (TUS), and be configured to promote angiogenesis within a patient via stimulation of cavitation and shear stress, among other mechanisms.

Abstract: The invention relates to a position determining device for determining a position of an elongate object within a tubular structure, said position determining device comprising a first providing unit for providing a first distribution of curvature values at a plurality of first points along a path within the tubular structure. The position determining device further comprises a second providing unit for providing a second distribution of strain values or of curvature values at a plurality of points along the object, and a position determining unit for determining the position of the object relative to the path on the basis of the first and second distributions.

Abstract: A method for covertly creating adverse health effects in a human subject includes generating at least one electromagnetic wave at a frequency within the range of about 300 MHz (megahertz) and about 300 GHz (gigahertz). The at least one electromagnetic energy wave is pulsed at a pulse frequency within a target range of human neural oscillations. The at least one pulsed electromagnetic wave is remotely transmitted to the subject's brain.

Abstract: A method for minimally invasive laser ablation of a target tissue within a patient while sparing tissue within a safety zone proximate to the target tissue, comprising: guiding a laser fiber within a patient with a guidance tool; measuring a temperature within the target tissue and the safety zone based on an invasive and a non-invasive thermal sensor; computing a thermal profile in conjunction with a real-time tissue image adapted for guidance of the laser fiber with the guidance tool within the patient; and controlling a laser to deliver energy through the laser fiber, to deliver a minimally therapeutic ablation therapy to the target tissue while ensuring that the safety zone is maintained in a non-ablation condition, based on at least a treatment plan, the measured temperature, and the thermal profile.

Abstract: A device and method for perforating a dense bone layer. The device includes a vibration generator for generating mechanical vibration, in particular ultrasonic vibration, and an instrument with an elongated shaft and a distal end piece including a perforator. The distal end piece is arranged at a distal end of the shaft and the proximal end of the shaft is connected or connectable to the vibration generator. The perforator has the form of a solid or a hollow cylinder. The vibration generator, the shaft and the distal end piece are adapted to each other for the shaft to transmit, when connected to the activated vibration generator, mechanical vibration from the vibration generator to the distal end piece and for vibrating the perforator in a direction parallel to its cylinder axis.

Abstract: A method for treating a kidney with focused extracorporeal shockwaves in a noninvasive manner. The method configured for the treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) at any one of CKD stage 1 to CKD stage 4. The method of treatment comprising using non-invasive extracorporeal shockwaves having an energy density of 0.02 to 0.18 mJ/mm2 that are delivered to at least one treatment zone selected from various focal zones encompassing renal structures.

Abstract: Ultrasonic transducers may be used to track the position of an object. For example, eyewear such as a pair of glasses or other head-mounted device may use ultrasonic transducers to track a user's eye position and gaze direction. To increase positioning accuracy over short-range distances, an array of ultrasonic transducers with different center frequencies may be formed on a common substrate. The closely spaced ultrasonic transducers with relatively small individual bandwidths may be used to simulate a single transducer with a larger bandwidth. Control circuitry may adjust the phases of the transducers in the array to steer the ultrasonic signal beam towards the user's eye and/or to receive an ultrasonic signal beam from the direction of the user's eye. The control circuitry may use time delay and/or phase delay measurement techniques to determine a distance and/or direction to the user's eye using the ultrasonic transducer arrays.

Abstract: A system and method for controlling the delivery of ultrasound energy to a subject is provided. In particular, such a system and method are capable of safely disrupting the blood-brain barrier. Ultrasound energy is delivered to produce cavitation of an ultrasound contrast agent at a selected pressure value. An acoustic signal is acquired following cavitation, from which a signal spectrum is produced. The signal spectrum is analyzed for the presence of harmonics, such as subharmonics or ultraharmonics. When subharmonics or ultraharmonics are present, the pressure value is decreased for subsequent sonications. If a previous sonication resulted in no subharmonics or ultraharmonics being generated, then the pressure value may be increased. In this manner, the blood-brain barrier can be advantageously disrupted while mitigating potentially injurious effects of the sonication.

Abstract: An ultrasound therapy device for generating ultrasound therapy. The ultrasound therapy device includes a wearable structure, ultrasound transducer units, a tightening mechanism, a memory, and a processor. The wearable structure is securable to a user to transmit the ultrasound to a target therapy area of a user including at least one of a kidney region, a lung region, and a lower limb of the user. The ultrasound transducer units are attachable and repositionable in the wearable structure to generate and deliver the ultrasound to the target region. The ultrasound transducer units are arranged in an array. The array of ultrasound transducer units is mechanically moved within the wearable structure and is in contact with a material to facilitate penetration of ultrasound into the user's body.

Abstract: Among the various aspects of the present disclosure is the provision of a noninvasive and localized brain liquid biopsy using focused ultrasound. Briefly, therefore, the present disclosure is directed to methods and systems to identify brain lesion or tumor characteristics without the need for a solid brain biopsy.

Abstract: A device for providing oral care includes at least one lumen fluidly coupled to a brush head. The lumen is adapted to suction fluid via an aperture disposed within the brush head. The brush head may be provided an oral cleaning fluid to facilitate cleaning of oral anatomy. The oral cleaning fluid may be provided within a cup provided within a containment assembly coupled to the oral care tool. Alternatively, or in addition, the cleaning fluid may be provided via fluid reservoir fluidly coupled to the oral care tool. The brush head comprises a bristles section and a foam section.

Abstract: Systems for promoting sexual well-being in males and for treating erectile dysfunction using acoustic energy.

Abstract: Various embodiments are generally directed to a flexible elongate member (e.g., endoscopic accessory tool) positionable into and/or through selected anatomies, such as by generating images to position components of a flexible elongate member or to localize anatomic features, for instance. Some embodiments are directed to generating images with a plurality of imaging techniques to localize anatomic features and/or components of a flexible elongate member for one or more of inspection, orientation, and/or facilitating access to body passageways or lumens.

Abstract: A histotripsy therapy system configured for the treatment of tissue is provided, which may include any number of features. Provided herein are systems and methods that provide efficacious non-invasive and minimally invasive therapeutic, diagnostic and research procedures. In particular, provided herein are optimized systems and methods that provide targeted, efficacious histotripsy in a variety of different regions and under a variety of different conditions without causing undesired tissue damage to intervening/non-target tissues or structures.

Abstract: Embodiments of a dermatological cosmetic treatment and imaging system and method can include use of transducer to simultaneously or substantially simultaneously produce multiple cosmetic treatment zones in tissue. The system can include a hand wand, a removable transducer module, a control module, and/or graphical user interface. In some embodiments, the cosmetic treatment system may be used in cosmetic procedures, including brow lifts, fat reduction, sweat reduction, and treatment of the décolletage. Skin tightening, lifting and amelioration of wrinkles and stretch marks are provided.

Abstract: A method for delivering ultrasound therapy using open-loop controls comprises inserting a distal tip of a therapeutic ultrasound applicator into a patient's urethra, the distal tip including an ultrasound transducer; acquiring ultrasound images of the patient's urethra and prostate with an ultrasound imaging probe; aligning the distal tip of the therapeutic ultrasound applicator with the patient's prostate using the ultrasound images; delivering therapeutic ultrasound energy to the patient's prostate, with the ultrasound transducer, according to a treatment plan, the treatment plan including a predetermined limited angular range for the therapeutic ultrasound energy that avoids the patient's rectum and neurovascular bundles, wherein the therapeutic ultrasound is delivered without temperature feedback data.

Abstract: According to the present invention, a transducer part is mechanically scanned in a chamber for a medium. A pair of diaphragms are provided to the two sides of the transducer part (one side and the other side in the mechanical scanning direction). Each of the diaphragms has a hollow membrane and a base. The hollow membrane has a pair of longitudinal lateral surfaces extending in a longitudinal direction parallel to the center axis of rotation. An attachment hole is formed in a partition wall, and a projecting part provided on the base is inserted into the attachment hole.

Abstract: A catheterization system including a catheter, drainage bag and one or more indicators configured to measure an attribute relating to the usage of the catheter system and communicate information about the attribute to a network, such as an EMR database. The indicators may include a location indicator, a duration indicator, an elevation indicator, a tamper indicator, a dependent loop indicator, a floor contact indicator, and a patient securement indicator. The system may autonomously detect and record one or more attributes relating to the usage of the catheter system.

Abstract: An air interface plane (AIP) of a radio frequency (RF) aperture includes: a circuit board having a first side and a second side opposite the first side; and a matrix of tapered elements arranged on the first side of the circuit board and secured to the circuit board, the matrix of tapered elements cooperating to at least one of receive or transmit an over-the-air RF signal. Suitably, each tapered element of the matrix has: a central hub extending along a longitudinal axis from a hub base which is proximate to the first side of the circuit board to an apex of the tapered element which is distal from the first side of the first circuit board; and a plurality of arms extending from the central hub at the apex of the tapered element, each of the plurality of arms including a first portion that projects the arm radially away from the longitudinal axis and a second portion that projects the arm longitudinally toward the first side of the circuit board.

Abstract: An ultrasound automatic scanning system according to an embodiment includes an ultrasound probe, a mechanical mechanism, and processing circuitry. The ultrasound probe transmits and receives ultrasonic wave. The mechanical mechanism holds and moves the ultrasound probe while an ultrasonic-wave transmission-reception surface of the ultrasound probe is pointed to a subject. The processing circuitry acquires a distance between a body surface of the subject and the ultrasonic-wave transmission-reception surface of the ultrasound probe based on reflected wave data collected while the ultrasound probe is moved by the mechanical mechanism. The processing circuitry generates, based on information of the distance, locus information of movement of the ultrasound probe when ultrasound scanning is executed on the subject. The mechanical mechanism executes ultrasound scanning on the subject by moving the ultrasound probe based on the locus information generated by the processing circuitry.

Abstract: Apparatus, systems, articles of manufacture, and methods to generate acceptability criteria for autonomous systems plans are disclosed. An example apparatus includes a data compiler to compile data generated by the autonomous system into an autonomous system task dataset, a data encoder to encode the dataset for input into a rule distillation neural network architecture, a model trainer to train the rule distillation neural network architecture, an adaptor to adapt the trained rule distillation neural network architecture to a new input data domain using the autonomous system task dataset, a verifier to generate formally verified acceptability criteria, and an inferer to evaluate a control command, the evaluation resulting in an acceptance or rejection of the command.

Abstract: Systems and methods for applying ultrasound sonication to temporarily disrupt a patient's blood-brain barrier (BBB) include storing threshold values of an acoustic response level, an acoustic response dose and a tissue response dose associated with a target BBB region and its surrounding regions based on anatomical characteristics thereof; causing the ultrasound transducer to transmit one or more pulses/waves; measuring the acoustic response level, the acoustic response dose, and/or the tissue response dose associated with the target BBB region and/or its surrounding regions; comparing the measurement with a corresponding stored threshold value; and operating the transducer based at least in part on the comparison.

Abstract: Integrated cartridges for sample homogenization, nucleic acid fragmentation, and nucleic acid detection are disclosed herein. The integrated cartridges include a main housing having a sample well and a detection chamber and a sonication feature coupled to and extending outwardly from the main housing. The sonication feature includes a sonication chamber for receiving a sample fluid. A fluidic path directs the sample fluid from the sample well, to the sonication chamber, and to the detection chamber. Systems for use with the integrated cartridges can include sonotrodes with openings for positioning the sonication feature and/or temperature sensors for monitoring the temperature of the sonication feature. Methods include moving the sample fluid from the sample well to the sonication feature, transmitting ultrasonic energy into the sample fluid, moving the sample fluid from the sonication feature to the detection chamber, and performing a nucleic acid detection assay within the detection chamber.

Abstract: Piezoelectric osteotomy devices and corresponding systems and methods for removing an acetabular cup or shell from a patient's acetabulum are disclosed. In one embodiment, the piezoelectric osteotomy device includes a piezoelectric element to actuate a cutting tip on an armature. In some such embodiments, the cutting tip may be extended and/or retracted to facilitate cutting of bone around an acetabular cup. The armature may include a fluid output port located proximate the cutting tip to mitigate heat generated by the cutting tip. In one embodiment, the piezoelectric osteotomy device is arranged and configured to provide constant current adjustment.

Abstract: An air interface plane (AIP) of a radio frequency (RF) aperture includes: a circuit board having a first side and a second side opposite the first side; and a matrix of tapered elements arranged on the first side of the circuit board and secured to the circuit board, the matrix of tapered elements cooperating to at least one of receive or transmit an over-the-air RF signal. Suitably, each tapered element of the matrix has: a central hub extending along a longitudinal axis from a hub base which is proximate to the first side of the circuit board to an apex of the tapered element which is distal from the first side of the first circuit board; and a plurality of arms extending from the central hub at the apex of the tapered element, each of the plurality of arms including a first portion that projects the arm radially away from the longitudinal axis and a second portion that projects the arm longitudinally toward the first side of the circuit board.

Abstract: An assembly including: a printed circuit board (PCB) having a first surface and a second surface; at least one energy transmitter mounted on the first surface; at least one cooling element associated with the PCB second surface, wherein the cooling element is configured to cool the at least one energy transmitter via the PCB.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system to assist in a procedure. During the procedure an object may be moved relative to a subject, such as being positioned and/or placed within a subject. The system and related method may be used to assist in displaying and/or determining a pose of the object relative to a subject, such as rigid portions of a subject.