Abstract: A handheld personal communication apparatus for dialysis includes a reader to read a marking displayed on a dialysis fluid container to acquire data concerning at least one of a dialysis fluid type or a dialysis fluid volume from the marking; a processor using the at least one of the dialysis fluid type or the dialysis fluid volume to determine a dialysis dwell time for at least one cycle of a dialysis therapy, the dialysis dwell time being a time to achieve, over the at least one cycle, at least one of (a) a specified ultrafiltrate level, (b) a urea removal level, or (c) a creatinine removal level; and an output interface providing an indication to the patient of a completion of the dialysis dwell time.

Abstract: A multi-use disinfecting cap and method for disinfection and protection of a needleless IV injection port. The disinfecting cap has an upper chamber which contains a sterilizing solution and a low chamber which connects to a needleless IV injection port. The fluid can be manipulated to flow between the two chambers. When in use the cap protects and disinfects a needleless IV injection port when exposed prior to injecting medication into the needleless port and continues to disinfect and protect prior for any subsequent exposures. The cap is re-usable and provides a clear indication of the disinfecting solution and a datable top surface. The multi-use disinfecting cap may be removably clipped to the IV tubing and is shaped to prevent accidental rolling away if dropped.

Abstract: A method of peritoneal removal of electrolytes and inflammatory mediators. The method begins with infusing a treatment solution into the peritoneal cavity of a patient by way of a catheter. The treatment solution is drained from the peritoneal cavity by way of the catheter. During the draining, the treatment solution is filtered for removing electrolytes and inflammatory mediators.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to medical fluid cassettes and related systems and methods. In certain aspects, a medical fluid cassette includes a base having a first region and a second region, a first membrane overlying the first region of the base, and a second membrane overlying the second region of the base. The second membrane is configured to rebound away from the base when a force used to press the second membrane toward the base is released.

Abstract: Dialysis systems and methods for operating dialysis machines (e.g., peritoneal dialysis machines) for conducting dialysis treatments are disclosed. The dialysis system may include a dialysis machine for transferring dialysate to a patient from a dialysate source. The dialysate may flow from the dialysate source through a cassette (e.g., a disposable cassette) positionable within a port formed in the dialysis machine. The dialysis system may also include a cleaning cartridge insertable into the port. The cleaning cartridge may be arranged and configured to collect, remove, etc. any foreign material or debris from the port.

Abstract: A peritoneal dialysis system is disclosed. An example peritoneal dialysis system includes a water treatment device including a water treatment processor and a first memory and a peritoneal dialysis (“PD”) machine including a PD processor and a second memory. The PD machine is configured to mix water treated by the water treatment device with at least one concentrate to produce a peritoneal dialysis fluid for treatment. The example peritoneal dialysis system also includes a data link between the water treatment processor and the PD processor. The water treatment device is configured to prepare an amount of treated water and, upon communication between the water treatment processor and PD processor over the data link, deliver the amount of the treated water to the PD machine for use in mixing the peritoneal dialysis fluid for the treatment. The treated water has a purity corresponding to an injectable quality or a sterile quality.

Abstract: Keep vein open (KVO) infusion flow control devices are provided. The KVO infusion flow control device couples to intravenous (IV) tubing and includes a flow controller that provides a full open fluid flow rate through an outlet portion of the IV tubing when the flow controller is in an open position, and a KVO fluid flow rate through the outlet portion of the IV tubing when the flow controller is in a KVO position. Visual indicators are disposed on the KVO infusion flow control device.

Abstract: A peritoneal dialysis machine carries out of a peritoneal dialysis treatment having recurring cycles, the recurring cycles involving an inflow phase, a dwell period and a drainage phase for a dialysis fluid, wherein the peritoneal dialysis machine has a control unit and a measurement apparatus for determining the inflow rate and/or drainage rate of the dialysis fluid to and from a patient, wherein the control unit is configured to carry out a comparison between a time progression curve of the inflow rate and/or of the drainage rate determined by the measurement apparatus during the inflow phase and/or the drainage phase and a corresponding reference curve and to recognize on the basis of the comparison a disturbance in inflow and/or drainage of the dialysis fluid to and from the patient.

Abstract: A device that allows for patient identification comprising a housing, a biometric sensor, coupled to the housing. the biometric sensor is configured to detect a biometric feature of a patient. The device further comprises a signal transmitter configured to transmit data related to the detected biometric feature to a medical treatment machine for carrying out a medical treatment on the patient. The patient identification device is configured to be secured to the patient during the dialysis treatment.

Abstract: A renal therapy system is disclosed. In an example, a renal therapy system includes a dialysis fluid pump, a control processor for controlling a treatment performed by the dialysis fluid pump, and a user interface device in operable communication with the control processor.

Abstract: Components for a medical infusion fluid handling system, such as an APD system, in which one or more lines (such as solution lines), spikes or other connection ports may be automatically capped and/or de-capped. This feature may provide advantages, such as a reduced likelihood of contamination since no human interaction is required to de-cap and connect the one or more lines, the spikes or the other connection ports. For example, a fluid handling cassette may include one or more caps that cover a corresponding spike and include a raised and/or recessed feature to assist in removal of the one or more caps from the cassette. A solution line cap may include a hole and a recess, a groove or other feature to engage with a spike cap and enable removal of the spike cap.

Abstract: Apparatus, systems and methods are disclosed relating to certain aspects of blood processing, collecting or storing, including method and system for automated authentication, processing device with scanner, blood container with two dimensional barcode, blood collection containers, blood container label and related tracking method, integrated container system, and processing device with sterile connection device.

Abstract: A medical infusion fluid handling system, such as an automated peritoneal dialysis system, may be arranged to de-cap and connect one or more lines (such as solution lines) with one or more spikes or other connection ports on a fluid handling cassette. This feature may reduce a likelihood of contamination since no human interaction is required to de-cap and connect the one or more lines and the one or more spikes. For example, the automated peritoneal dialysis system may include a carriage arranged to receive the one or more lines each having a connector end and a cap. The carriage may move along a first direction so as to move the connector ends of the one or more lines along the first direction, and a cap stripper may be arranged to engage with the caps on the the one or more lines on the carriage. The cap stripper may move in a second direction transverse to the first direction, as well as to move with the carriage along the first direction.

Abstract: A catheter configured to be deployed in a urinary tract of a patient includes a proximal portion configured to pass through a percutaneous opening and a distal portion including a retention portion. The retention portion is configured to be deployed in a kidney, renal pelvis, and/or bladder of the patient. The retention portion includes one or more protected drainage holes, ports or perforations and is configured, when deployed, to establish an outer periphery or protective surface area that inhibits mucosal tissue from occluding the one or more protected drainage holes, ports, or perforations upon application of negative pressure through the catheter.

Abstract: A constipation treatment apparatus includes an air supplying motor installed at an internal space of a curved frame to supply air generated from a supply pipe to the air cell and a heat/massage module group including a lower right heat/massage module, a right heat/massage module, a central heat/massage module, a lower left heat/massage module, and a left heat/massage module, each of the heat/massage modules including the air cell and a heat generation module. The air cell has a dual structure including an upper air cell and a lower air cell.

Abstract: Aqueous solution, comprising, in dissolved state,—at least one stilbenoid—at least one saccharide, and method for increasing the solubility in water.

Abstract: An automated peritoneal dialysis system provides both cycler-assisted peritoneal dialysis treatment and also continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). The system includes a fluid preparation and treatment device with a concentrate dilution components connected to a source of purified water and medicament concentrate. The treatment device has at least one mixing container connected via a pump and valves to the sources, the valves and the pump mixing and diluting the concentrate to form a medicament. An auxiliary port is provided for attaching a CAPD container and for receiving medicament. A controller is programmed to control the fluid preparation and treatment device to implement one or more cycler-assisted peritoneal dialysis treatment cycles using medicament from the mixing container and also to control the preparation of additional dialysate at the end of the cycler-assisted peritoneal dialysis treatment cycles to dispense additional dialysate through the auxiliary port for use in CAPD.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for regenerating used dialysis fluid are described herein. In an embodiment, a regenerative dialysis fluid system includes a dialysis unit configured to generate used dialysis fluid including urea, a urea separation unit configured to separate at least a portion of the urea from the used dialysis fluid into a secondary fluid, and a urea removal unit configured to remove at least a portion of the urea from the secondary fluid and return the secondary fluid to the urea separation unit. In an embodiment, the urea separation unit includes a membrane separating a dialysis fluid chamber from a urea chamber, the membrane including at least one of: (i) a positive charge to prevent positive ions from transporting across the membrane; and (ii) a negative charge to prevent negative ions from transporting across the membrane.

Abstract: The invention relates to an infusate holder for use in dialysis. The infusate holder can include one or more interior compartments for holding infusate containers or infusates. The interior compartments are aligned to cooperate with fluid connectors of a dialysis system, ensuring that the proper infusates are added to the dialysis system at a proper location.

Abstract: A dialysis machine (e.g., a peritoneal dialysis (PD) machine) can include a pressure sensor mounted at a proximal end of a patient line made of a distensible material that provides PD solution to a patient through a catheter. During treatment, an occlusion can occur at different locations in the patient line and/or the catheter. When an incremental volume of additional solution is provided to the patient line while the occlusion is present, a change in pressure results. The change in pressure depends on dimensions and a distensibility of a non-occluded portion of the patient line. If the change in pressure, the incremental volume, properties related to the distensibility of the patient line, and some of the dimensions of the patient line are known, a location of the occlusion can be inferred. An occlusion type can be inferred based on the inferred location.

Abstract: A handheld personal communication apparatus for dialysis includes a reader to (i) read a marking displayed on a dialysis fluid container to acquire data concerning at least one of a dialysis fluid type or a dialysis fluid volume from the marking, and/or (ii) receive a patient weight signal from a weight scale; a processor using at least one of the dialysis fluid type, dialysis fluid volume, or patient weight to determine a dialysis dwell time for at least one cycle of a dialysis therapy, the dialysis dwell time being a time to achieve, over the at least one cycle, at least one of (a) a specified ultrafiltrate level, (b) a urea removal level, or (c) a creatinine removal level; and an output interface providing an indication to the patient of a completion of the dialysis dwell time.

Abstract: A peritoneal dialysis system includes a water purifier, a cycler, and a disposable set operable with the cycler. The disposable set includes a pumping cassette including a water inlet port, a heater/mixing container in fluid communication with the pumping cassette, a water accumulator, a first water line segment, and a second water line segment. The first water line segment is in fluid communication with the water inlet port and the water accumulator. Additionally, the second water line segment is in fluid communication with the water accumulator and the water purifier.

Abstract: A medical treatment system, such as peritoneal dialysis system, may include control and other features to enhance patient comfort and ease of use. For example, a peritoneal dialysis system may include patient line state detector for detecting whether a patient line is primed before it is to be connected to the patient. The patient line state detector can also the ability to detect whether a patient line has been properly mounted for priming. Both patient line presence/absence and fill state can be determined using an optical system, e.g., one that employs a single optical sensor.

Abstract: A peritoneal dialysis (PD) system for infusing a volume of PD solution into a patient's peritoneal cavity in order to perform peritoneal dialysis on the patient includes a peritoneal cavity monitor (PCM) that measures this volume of fluid in the patient's peritoneal cavity by segmental bioimpedance spectroscopy (SBIS), to thereby determine an ultrafiltration volume of fluid in the patient's peritoneal cavity, and a switch, controlled by the PCM, for filling the patient's peritoneal cavity and draining the patient's peritoneal cavity when the ultrafiltration volume is unchanged over time, significantly decreased, or decreasing at a significant rate.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices are disclosed, embodiments of which provide single pass dialysis to remove water and uremic toxins is performed simultaneously with the albumin dialysis therapy by passing the albumin solution through a dialysis filter which dialyses it before the solution is returned to the cycler. In embodiments, the single pass dialysis stage is upstream of the albumin filtering stage.

Abstract: A two-part enteral connector system having first and second parts. The first part has a housing with an internal fluid flow passageway and the housing further includes external thread elements and a tip projection portion. The second part also has a housing with an internal fluid flow passageway and mating internal thread elements and resilient internal sealing surface area such that the first part is threadably engageable with the second part in an ISO 80369-3 thread compatible connection to form a liquid tight sealable engagement between the two parts such that the joined fluid flow passageways provide a high flow fluid flow passageway in excess of the 2.95 mm flow path of the existing ISO 80369-3 enteral small-bore connector flow path.

Abstract: A medical system suitable for delivering a fluid to a patient according to multiple modes of operation, including a safety mode that additionally enables the delivery or the treatment to continue even when a probable anomaly is detected.

Abstract: The invention relates to systems and methods for making intracycle adjustments to an osmotic agent concentration of peritoneal dialysate inside the peritoneal cavity of a patient. The systems and methods include osmotic agent sources, flow paths, and processors to adjust the osmotic agent concentration of dialysate in the peritoneal cavity of the patient. The method can include infusing peritoneal dialysate containing an osmotic agent into the peritoneal cavity of a patient; monitoring one or more patient parameters; and adjusting the osmotic agent concentration of the peritoneal dialysate in the peritoneal cavity of the patient by infusing a concentrated osmotic agent solution or by infusing sterile fluid into the peritoneal cavity of the patient using an on-line peritoneal dialysis machine. The system can include a peritoneal dialysis cycler.

Abstract: A method for operating a dialysis machine to conduct a dialysis treatment on a patient (e.g., a peritoneal dialysis machine) may include transferring dialysate from a first bag, and automatically determining the dialysate from the first bag has completely transferred. After determining the dialysate has completely transferred from the first bag, switching from the first bag to a second bag of dialysate. The method may further include transferring dialysate from the second bag in response to the detection of the completed transfer of the first bag, and automatically determining the dialysate from the second bag has completely transferred. The method may further include determining if the respective first or second bag has completely transferred by comparing a dialysate bag volume transferred to the patient to a detected volume of the respective first or second bag. Systems with dialysis machines for performing such a method are disclosed as well.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system which is a device suitable for carrying out removal of a dialysate volume fraction during a stasis phase so as to optimize ultrafiltration, the safety of the patient, the comfort of the patient, and/or the operation of the cycler.

Abstract: A system and method for automatic detection of symptoms of peritonitis during peritoneal dialysis, such as using a mobile device with an image capturing system.

Abstract: The invention relates to systems and methods for adjusting one or more dialysis parameters for delivering a peritoneal dialysis cycle to a patient based on patient or system parameters. The systems and methods include various sensors, flow paths, and processors to adjust the dialysis parameters used to deliver peritoneal dialysis therapy, for a specific peritoneal dialysis cycle. For example, a first peritoneal dialysis cycle can provide data on patient or system parameters that can be used to adjust the dialysis parameters used to deliver a subsequent peritoneal dialysis cycle. One or more peritoneal dialysis cycles are contained in a particular peritoneal dialysis therapy session. Patient parameters can include patient blood pressure; volume of fluid removed; patient goal; blood solute level; effluent solute level; effluent temperature; effluent color or clarity; patient posture; tidal volume remaining in patient; and intraperitoneal pressure.

Abstract: A fluid management system for moving bodily fluid accumulated due to ascites, pleural effusion or pericardial effusion is provided including an implantable pump coupled to an inflow catheter, an outflow catheter, and optionally an anti-clog catheter. The fluid management system facilitates removal of fluid from a body region, such as the peritoneum, pleural cavity or pericardial sac, where drainage is desired to another body region, such as the urinary bladder or the peritoneal cavity. The system includes clog resistant mechanisms such as clog resistant catheters and/or programmed routines for cycling fluid through inlet catheters in predetermined time intervals and/or responsive to sensed conditions to minimize the risk that inlet catheters become clogged due to, for example, tissue ingrowth and/or solid objects within accumulated fluid.

Abstract: A system for performing a peritoneal dialysis therapy includes at least one dialysis fluid pump, and a logic implementer operable with the at least one dialysis fluid pump to perform a plurality of peritoneal dialysis cycles, the cycles including a fill phase, a dwell phase and a drain phase, the logic implementer configured to: (i) store a first peritoneal dialysis treatment having a total prescribed fresh dialysis fluid fill volume delivered over a number of cycles; and (ii) convert the first peritoneal dialysis treatment into a second peritoneal dialysis treatment having a different number of cycles and using the same total prescribed fresh dialysis fluid fill volume.

Abstract: An example peritoneal dialysis system is disclosed. The example peritoneal dialysis system includes an automated peritoneal dialysis (“APD”) machine comprising a pumping mechanism and a peritoneal dialysis fluid heater. The example peritoneal dialysis system also includes a disposable set comprising a disposable cassette operable with the pumping mechanism and a heater bag operable with the heater. The example peritoneal dialysis system additionally includes a conductivity sensor positioned and arranged to provide feedback to the APD machine. The example APD machine is configured to mix a peritoneal dialysis fluid for treatment in the heater bag using a plurality of peritoneal dialysis constituent fluids. In addition, the example APD machine is configured to use feedback from the conductivity sensor to evaluate the mixed peritoneal dialysis fluid for treatment.

Abstract: A waste disposal apparatus for disposing of waste materials using aerobic decomposition includes a decomposition chamber, a waste inlet configured to admit waste materials into the decomposition chamber, a water feed system configured for supplying feed water to the decomposition chamber and a drain system configured for draining drain liquid from the decomposition chamber. The apparatus also includes a sensing system configured to sense the volume VF of feed water supplied to the decomposition chamber and the volume VD of drain liquid drained from the decomposition chamber, and a computing device that is configured to determine the quantity of waste material processed by the waste disposal apparatus from the sensed volumes VF and VD.

Abstract: An apparatus for ultrafiltration of a patient being overhydrated due to congestive heart failure, comprising a tube set including a connector for connection to a patient line for access to the peritoneal cavity of the patient. A flow pump is arranged for addition and removal outflow and inflow (recirculation) of fluid from/to the peritoneal cavity. An osmotic agent peristaltic pump is arranged for replenishment of glucose solution to the fluid added to the peritoneal cavity for promoting ultrafiltration. The glucose is replenished intermittently for keeping a concentration of glucose substantially constant in the peritoneal cavity. The flow pump comprises a pressure chamber with rigid walls and a flexible pump bag arranged therein. An air pump pressurizes the chamber for outflow of fluid from the peritoneal cavity by a sub pressure and inflow of fluid to the peritoneal cavity by an overpressure, which pressures are maintained within safe limits.

Abstract: A medical treatment system, such as peritoneal dialysis system, may include control and other features to enhance patient comfort and ease of use. For example, a peritoneal dialysis system may include patient line state detector for detecting whether a patient line is primed before it is to be connected to the patient. The patient line state detector can also the ability to detect whether a patient line has been properly mounted for priming. Both patient line presence/absence and fill state can be determined using an optical system, e.g., one that employs a single optical sensor.

Abstract: A teleoperated surgical instrument comprises a housing configured to couple to a teleoperated manipulator and an elongated tube having a first end and a second end opposite the first end. The first end is mounted to the housing and the second end has one or more openings configured to deliver or receive a fluid at a surgical site. The instrument further comprises a flow control system in the housing. The flow control system includes a first tubular member coupled to the elongated tube and a first control element rotatable relative to the housing and the first tubular member. The first control element includes a receiving portion coupled to a shaft portion. The receiving portion is configured to couple with the teleoperated manipulator and rotate to control flow of the fluid through the first tubular member.

Abstract: A wireless charging system for a wearable sensor device can include a wireless charging device and a user device. The wireless charging device can include a transmitter for sending a power signal to charge the wearable sensor device, a first receiver to receive a data signal and a second to receive a low energy signal. The wearable sensor device can include at least one memory for storing sensor data, a first receiver for receiving the power signal from the wireless charging device, a first transmitter to transmit a data signal and a second receive to receive a low energy signal. The user device can include a low energy transmitter for communicating with the wireless charging device and sensor device to control the charging function and the data communication function of the wireless charging device to selectively charge and transfer data with wearable sensor device.

Abstract: Disclosed is a connection structure for an IV tube of an IV infusion set, in which an IV tube is firmly connected by fitting using a connector without using an adhesive, thereby preventing bacterial infection. The connection structure is configured such that an outlet provided in an IV bag is connected to a drip chamber, the IV tube is connected to the drip chamber to allow an IV fluid to flow, an end of the IV tube is connected to an injection site for injecting the IV fluid, wherein a connector is provided on an outer circumferential surface of the IV tube that is connected to the drip chamber and the injection site, thereby locking the IV tube.

Abstract: A processing system includes methods to promote sleep. The system may include a monitor such as a non-contact motion sensor from which sleep information may be determined. User sleep information, such as sleep stages, hypnograms, sleep scores, mind recharge scores and body scores, may be recorded, evaluated and/or displayed for a user. The system may further monitor ambient and/or environmental conditions corresponding to sleep sessions. Sleep advice may be generated based on the sleep information, user queries and/or environmental conditions from one or more sleep sessions. Communicated sleep advice may include content to promote good sleep habits and/or detect risky sleep conditions. In some versions of the system, any one or more of a bedside unit 3000 sensor module, a smart processing device, such as a smart phone or smart device 3002, and network servers may be implemented to perform the methodologies of the system.

Abstract: A disposable kit for a medical apparatus includes a tray and a subassembly with sections foldably connected to each other. At least one of the sections can fold itself onto the tray so that the subassembly encloses a region of the tray. When the tray is laid on the subassembly in a predetermined position, elevated channel regions formed on a front side of the tray and facing the subassembly can accommodate component installations of the subassembly, and a section of the subassembly can be folded to the rear side of the tray so that component installations on that section can be accommodated in elevated channel regions formed on the rear side of the tray. In this manner, the subassembly forms a hard-shell that at least partially surrounds the tray and protects pre-installed or packed pressure-sensitive components, parts and or regions of the disposable kit.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system of performing an evidence Dialysis modality of Batch, Tidal or a combination of both. The system: isolates cavity volume changes due only to ultrafiltrate; determines the volume of a patient cavity; determines a full cavity; determines an objective time to initiate an exchange; and determines an empty cavity. One or more combination of these features provide for evidence base Fill, Dwell, and Drain sequences. The system comprises: a cassette having a heated region and a sensor region for measurements. A valve manifold supplies a patient connection with fluid. A microprocessor receives pressure measurements, controls the heated region and activates a volumetric pump to deliver or extract discrete increments of the fluid to the cassette from bags. Filtering pressure measurements to remove rapid fluctuations determines an accumulated pressure in the patient cavity. The volume of fluid in the patient cavity correlates to the accumulated pressure.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catheter device, having a hollow catheter in the catheter cavity of which a moveable shaft is guided, having a proximal coupling device, for detachable coupling of a drive device, the coupling device having a coupling cavity which is open towards the drive device and into which the shaft or an extension of the shaft protrudes with a connection element for mechanical coupling of a motor shaft, the coupling cavity having a germ barrier for reducing the pathogenicity of pathogenic substances or microorganisms.

Abstract: Components for a medical infusion fluid handling system, such as an APD system, in which one or more lines (such as solution lines), spikes or other connection ports may be automatically capped and/or de-capped. This feature may provide advantages, such as a reduced likelihood of contamination since no human interaction is required to de-cap and connect the one or more lines, the spikes or the other connection ports. For example, a fluid handling cassette may include one or more caps that cover a corresponding spike and include a raised and/or recessed feature to assist in removal of the one or more caps from the cassette. A solution line cap may include a hole and a recess, a groove or other feature to engage with a spike cap and enable removal of the spike cap.

Abstract: A disinfection cap is provided with a cap main body and a wiping body held by the cap main body. The cap main body includes a cap side locking section that prevents pullout of the cap main body by engagement with a medical connector side locking section. The wiping body includes an impregnation section impregnated with an antiseptic solution and is movable with respect to the cap main body so as to wipe at least the surface of a top face wall, the inner peripheral face of an opening of the top face wall, or the surface of a valve body in a male connector connection section of a medical connector with the impregnation section with the cap side locking section engaged with the medical connector side locking section.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a dialysis machine, in particular a peritoneal dialysis machine, wherein a dialysis treatment, in particular a peritoneal dialysis treatment, can be carried out by means of the dialysis machine in accordance with predefined and/or inputtable treatment parameters and wherein the dialysis machine has at least one setting means by means of which at least one treatment parameter can be set dynamically and/or during the treatment operation of the dialysis machine. The present invention furthermore relates to a method of operating a dialysis machine.

Abstract: A tele-care management system for peritoneal dialysis (PD) includes at least a container, a holder, a removable detection device and a mobile device. The container is for placing effluent fluid of peritoneal dialysis. The holder is for placing the container. The removable detection device includes a detection unit, a processor and a communication interface, wherein the processor detects the turbidity and the chrominance of the effluent fluid and performs a quantitative analysis on the effluent fluid, and generates a turbidity prediction value based on the detection result of the detection unit. The processor respectively calculates first and second turbidity values, which correspond to first and second turbidity respectively, for the effluent fluid according to first and second algorithms and selects one from the first and second turbidity values to generate the turbidity prediction value based on a predetermined threshold value sent to a mobile device for further processing.

Abstract: A Robotic control system has a wand, which emits multiple narrow beams of light, which fall on a light sensor array, or with a camera, a surface, defining the wand's changing position and attitude which a computer uses to direct relative motion of robotic tools or remote processes, such as those that are controlled by a mouse, but in three dimensions and motion compensation means and means for reducing latency.