Abstract: An apparatus for delivering energy to a biological site includes an electrode device having a plurality of electrodes, the electrode device positioned proximal the biological site. A power control system supplies power having a controllable phase angle to each of the electrodes. A backplate is also positioned proximal the biological site so that the biological site is interposed between the electrode device and the backplate. The backplate is maintained at the reference voltage level in relation to the power. The power control system controls the phase angle of the power so that the current flow between the electrodes and between the electrodes and the backplate results in the continuity and depth of lesions desired. In a preferred embodiment, the electrodes are arranged in a substantially linear array.

Abstract: A bipolar electrosurgical instrument is described which may be used for heating the inner lining of a lumen or cavity within a patient. In particular, the present invention is directed to an electrosurgical instrument including a flexible elongated tube having a proximal and a distal end, a first balloon electrode attached to the distal end of the flexible elongated tube. The first balloon electrode includes a first expandable sleeve formed from an electrically insulating material and a first electrically conductive fluid in the expandable sleeve. A first electrode is positioned in electrical contact with the first electrically conductive fluid. A return balloon electrode is spaced proximally from the first balloon electrode, wherein the return balloon electrode includes a second expandable formed from an electrically insulating material and a second electrically conductive fluid disposed within the second expandable sleeve.

Abstract: An arterial closure device for use following coronary catherization procedures to close arterial access openings through the arterial wall while permitting post operative flow through the artery includes a housing having proximal and distal ends, and defining a longitudinal axis, first and second arterial tissue everting members mounted adjacent the distal end of the housing and first and second jaw members mounted adjacent the first and second tissue engaging members. The first and second arterial tissue everting members are dimensioned for at least partial positioning within the arterial access opening in the arterial wall and are deployable in at least a radial outward direction relative to the longitudinal axis of the housing to engage respective opposed arterial tissue portions on opposed sides of the opening and move the tissue arterial portions to an everted condition thereof.

Abstract: Systems and methods for controlling the power supplied to an electrosurgical probe. The systems and methods may be used to monitor electrode-tissue contact, adjust power in response to a loss of contact, and apply power in such a manner that charring, coagulum formation and tissue popping are less likely to occur.

Abstract: A surgical heating probe, comprising a handle, a radio-frequency-shielded neck extending from the handle and having an unshielded cathode and an unshielded anode present in the neck with a shielded insulating section of the neck located between the cathode and the unshielded anode, the neck being formed so that three points located in the cathode, the anode, and the insulating; section, respectively, form a triangular plane, the cathode, the anode, and the insulating section being spaced apart at distances adapted so that the cathode and the anode can closely approach opposite sides of an animal tendon, and an energy connector fixture located in the handle and adapted to connect a supply of heating energy to the anode and the cathode. The probe is particularly useful for the treatment of strabismus, and the invention involves the use of radio frequency heating to shrink extraocular tendons in the treatment of strabismus.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for creating a virtual electrode to ablate bodily tissue. The apparatus includes an outer tube, a first electrode, an inner tube and a second electrode. The outer tube is fluidly connected to a source of conductive fluid and defines a proximal end and a distal end. The distal end includes an opening for delivering conductive fluid from the outer tube. The first electrode is disposed at the distal end of the outer tube for applying a current to conductive fluid delivered from the outer tube. The inner tube is coaxially received within the outer tube and is connected to a source of conductive fluid. The inner tube defines a proximal end and a distal end, with the distal end forming an opening for delivering conductive fluid from the inner tube. Finally, the second electrode is disposed at the distal end of the inner tube for applying a current to conductive fluid delivered from the inner tube.

Abstract: An electrosurgical instrument having a universal handle that is adapted for mounting and unmounting of different core assemblies for carrying out various electrosurgical procedures. The mounting and unmounting is accomplished by constructing the handle in several parts with upper concave portions configured to receive and hold the core assemblies which are provided with similar outer housings so they all can fit within the concave portions. The handle parts are held together with detent mechanisms which allow them to be easily snapped together and apart as desired. The handle can accommodate a variety of core assemblies that can comprise parts of a family of assemblies capable of both unipolar and bipolar electrosurgical procedures, and thus provides a very flexible instrument for the active surgeon.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a bipolar electrosurgical end effector for use in medical instruments. A bipolar end effector according to the present invention includes a tissue slot and electrodes arranged on either side of the tissue slot. The opposing electrodes are electrically connected such that tissue passing through the slot is electrically treated with electrosurgical current passing laterally through the tissue. An end effector according to the present invention further includes a tissue separator arranged at the end of the slot to divide tissue as it is passed through the slot and after it is treated.

Abstract: A system for applying high frequency electrical energy to a body structure within a patient where the system detects the presence of conductive fluid. In one embodiment, the system includes a high frequency power supply, a surgical instrument having an electrode terminal, and a conductive fluid sensor coupled to the probe for detecting the presence of conductive fluid near the electrode terminal. The surgical instruments preferably has a shaft with a distal end and a proximal end, an electrode terminal on or near the distal end, and a connector coupling the electrode terminal to the power supply. The conductive fluid sensor may comprise of an electric switch adapted to create an open circuit when in contact with conductive fluid. Alternatively, the conductive fluid sensor may be a resistor that changes resistance when in contact with conductive fluid. The sensor detects for conductive fluid such as body fluid or saline solution. For devices having an active and return electrode (i.e.

Abstract: An improved ablation catheter possessing a plurality of inner micro-catheters, each micro-catheters including at least one multiple-needle electrode is used in ablating a large arrhythmogenic region instead of an arrhythmogenic point of a patient. This catheter is particularly useful for treating the patient with atrial fibrillation (AFib) indications. A catheter including a delivery catheter and a plurality of inner micro-catheters with each one having at least one multiple-needle electrode is inserted into the chambers of the heart to create a plurality of deep, large, and linear lesions by applying radiofrequency energy and cooled fluid to said electrode.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for selectively applying electrical energy to a target location on an external body surface, such as skin tissue removal and/or collagen shrinkage in the epidermis or dermis, e.g., the removal of pigmentations, vascular lesions (e.g., leg veins), scars, tattoos, etc., and for other surgical procedures on the skin, such as tissue rejuvenation, cosmetic surgery, wrinkle removal, hair removal and/or transplant procedures. The present invention applies high frequency (RF) electrical energy to one or more electrode terminals adjacent an external body surface, such as the outer surface of the skin, to remove and/or modify the structure of tissue structures within the skin. Depending on the specific cosmetic procedure, the present invention may be used to: (1) volumetrically remove tissue or hair (i.e.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for treating a discolored blood vessel in tissue under the surface of the skin. In this method, one or more active electrode(s) are positioned in close proximity to a target region of the blood vessel, and a sufficient high frequency voltage is applied to the electrode terminal(s) to cause thermal damage to a target region within the blood vessel. The thermal injury causes the vessel to shrink or to thrombose and collapse so that blood flow through the vessel is restricted or completely interrupted. Preferably, the vessel is injured with minimal thermal energy being applied to the surrounding tissue, which prevents the tissue discoloration or scarring associated with prior art thermal processes. The electrode terminal(s) may be positioned on the external surface of the skin, or they may be introduced through a percutaneous penetration in the outer skin surface to the blood vessel.

Abstract: A laparoscopic bipolar electrosurgical instrument can apply a large closure force between its jaws without damaging the small yoke assembly.

Abstract: Disclosed is a surgical apparatus including a surgical instrument including a housing and a cannula, and a surgical tool including a shaft and a tip, and a drive interface and an electrical interface, and the drive interface producing a surgical motion of the tip, and the electrical interface producing a cauterizing action of the tip. Also disclosed is a cutting and cauterizing device for connection to a surgical instrument. Additionally, methods for using both the surgical apparatus and the cutting and cauterizing device are disclosed.

Abstract: Devices and methods for performing percutaneous myocardial revascularization (PMR). A catheter in accordance with the invention includes an elongate shaft having a proximal end and a distal end. The elongate shaft defines a lumen, and a conductor is disposed inside the lumen. An electrode portion is formed by the bent portion of the conductor which extends from the distal end of the elongate shaft. A method in accordance with the present invention may be used to form a wound through the endocardium and into the myocardium of a patient's heart. Collateral damage to the myocardium may be created by infusing pressurized fluid into the wound. A number of fluids may be delivered to a location proximate the wound via the catheter.

Abstract: An bipolar electrosurgical tool (10) for cauterizing or ablating tissue. The tool has a nose cone (12) which serves as a handle. A conductive shaft (14) extends from the nose cone. A tip assembly (18) with an active electrode (20) is mounted to the shaft. A circuit board (78) is mounted in the nose cone. Conductive traces that forming contact pads (96, 102) are formed on the circuit board. A web (108) formed from a single piece of elastomeric material is seated over the opening in which the printed circuit board is mounted to seal the opening shut. Integrally formed with the web are buttons (116, 118) that are in registration over the contact pads. The buttons can be depressed downwardly towards the contact pads. When a button is so depressed, a conductive landing pad (120) integral with the button closes the connection between the traces that form the contact pad. Thus, the tool of this invention is provided with switches. The circuit board also has two conductive traces (92, 104a) that run in parallel.

Abstract: A micro-catheter system utilizing a microjoule pulsed electrical discharge between first and second electrodes in a recessed lumen at the catheter's working end for creating a cavitating volume of electrolytic fluid composition including a pharmacologic agent. The expansion and collapse of media at a high repetition rate creates acoustic waves that propagate distally from the working end of the micro-catheter to disrupt thrombus. The expansion and collapse of such cavitation bubbles “jet” the pharmacologic agent at a controlled velocity into the acoustically-disrupted thrombus to further depolymerize the thrombus. The catheter system includes a computer-controller for independent modulation of (i) all aspects of pharmacologic agent delivery, and (ii) all parameters of electrical discharge to “tailor” the combined acoustic wave effects and pharmacologic agent effects to dissolve thrombus rapidly and efficiently.

Abstract: The present invention provides systems and methods for selectively applying electrical energy to a target location within the head and neck of a patient's body, particularly including tissue in the ear, nose and throat. The present invention includes a channeling technique in which small holes or channels are formed within tissue structures in the mouth, such as the tonsils, tongue, palate and uvula, and thermal energy is applied to the tissue surface immediately surrounding these holes or channels to cause thermal damage to the tissue surface, thereby stiffening the surrounding tissue structure. Applicant has discovered that such stiffening of certain tissue structures in the mouth and throat helps to prevent the tissue structure from obstructing the patient's upper airway during sleep.

Abstract: An apparatus for delivering energy to a biological site includes an electrode device having a plurality of electrodes, the electrode device positioned proximal the biological site. A power control system supplies power having a controllable phase angle to each of the electrodes. A backplate is also positioned proximal the biological site so that the biological site is interposed between the electrode device and the backplate. The backplate is maintained at the reference voltage level in relation to the power. The power control system controls the phase angle of the power so that the current flow between the electrodes and between the electrodes and the backplate results in the continuity and depth of lesions desired. In a preferred embodiment, the electrodes are arranged in a substantially linear array.

Abstract: An electrosurgical device for performing uvulopalatoplasty is provided. The device of the present invention includes two configurations. The first configuration includes a handle having an actuator mechanism which actuates a barrel fixedly mounted to a handle. This embodiment is contemplated to be disposable for single patient use. The second configuration includes a handle having an actuator mechanism having a detachable barrel. Both devices of the present invention are designed to fit easily into a patient's mouth and maximize the surgeon's manual control.

Abstract: An adapter unit for a mechanical tissue cutting implement such as a shaver, morcellator or the like includes a mounting block from which an electrically insulating sheath extends. The sheath fits over the cannula or shaft of the cutting implement, and is secured in alignment and attached so that the cutting tip, for example, the tool and its window in the cannula tip, are exposed through the sheath. A conductor, which may be a conductive layer, extends along the length of the sheath and is exposed to form a distal electrode at the tip in close proximity to the opening, constituting one electrode of a bipolar electrode arrangement at the exposed tool. The other electrode is provided by electrical connection to the implement itself, so that a high current density path is formed through tissue in the cutting region.

Abstract: This invention relates to endoscopic electrocautery instruments for performing surgery on the tissue of a patient and passing current through the tissue to cause cauterization thereof. The instrument has a proximal end and a distal end and includes an elongated tube, a push rod located within the elongated tube, and a first and second end effector located adjacent a distal end of the elongated tube and controlled for relative movement by the push rod. Various arrangements are disclosed for creating a first and second cautery current path from the instrument proximal end to the first and second end effectors. In accordance with the invention, the end effectors are formed as scissor blade members having various conductive and non-conductive layer arrangements. The layer arrangements of the scissor blade members allow for different cauterization affects. Coupling arrangements between the blade members and the elongated tube are also disclosed.

Abstract: An electrosurgical coagulation instrument specifically designed to be insertable through a cannula for use in coagulating tissue during a laparoscopic or other scope-type procedure. The instrument has both bipolar forceps jaw paddles and bipolar needle electrodes. The needle electrodes are selectively extendable from the distal end of the instrument by manipulation of a knob member in a proximal handle. The needle electrodes can be extended to thereby enter certain tissue such as a tumor to thereby effectuate desiccation thereof and a gradual shrinkage.

Abstract: In the present invention, a surgical trocar is adapted to capacitively couple electrosurgical energy to specially adapted cordless electrosurgical instruments. In one embodiment of the present invention, an electrosurgical trocar includes a cannula, a capacitive electrosurgical adapter and a locking connector adapted to connect the cannula to the capacitive electrosurgical adapter. The cannula is an elongated tube which may be inserted into a body cavity, duct or vessel. The electrosurgical adapter includes a housing with an elongated central aperture, an adapter proximal capacitor plate and an adapter distal capacitor plate positioned in and extending axially along the elongated aperture, first and second electrical conductors, first and second external conductors, a compression mechanism, an outer housing and an electrical cord.

Abstract: A catheter includes a first plurality of expandable leads and a second plurality of expandable leads separate and longitudinally spaced-apart from the first plurality to deliver energy to a hollow anatomical structure, such as vein, fallopian tube, hemorrhoid, esophageal varix, to effectively ligate that structure. Each of the leads includes an electrode located at the distal end of the respective electrode lead. Polarizations of the leads may be selected to achieve the power distribution desired. Each electrode lead includes an outward bend such that when a movable sheath is moved out of contact with the leads, they expand outwardly into apposition with an inner wall of the structure to be ligated. High frequency energy can be applied from the leads to create a heating effect in the surrounding tissue of the anatomical structure.

Abstract: A clamping force mechanism and its method of use with electrosurgery allow a user to seal and/or join patient's particular vascular tissue; the mechanism is elongate with user and patient ends. An actuator is at the user end and the effectors are at the patient end. Each effector has a face of an area to contact the particular vascular tissue. A lost motion connection transfers user actuation to the effectors to hold a predetermined clamping force during electrosurgical tissue sealing. A yielding member in the loss motion connection clamps the particular tissue between the faces with a predetermined force. The yielding member is a spring, slip clutch or hydraulic coupling possibly near the actuator. An active electrode is carried on one end effector and a return electrode contacts the tissue so an electrosurgical energy supply connected thereacross delivers energy therebetween. A feedback circuit responds to parameters of energy delivered to tissue.

Abstract: Bipolar electrosurgical scissors are disclosed having a pair of blades joined for relative movement in a scissor-like action between open and closed positions. At least one of the blades comprises a tissue contacting surface and first and second spaced apart electrodes extending along the surface. Current flow between the first and second electrodes promotes hemostasis in tissue contacting the surface. Preferably, each blade of the scissors includes first and second spaced-apart electrodes.

Abstract: An electrosurgical instrument, which is used to treat tissue in the presence of an electrically-conductive fluid, comprises an instrument shaft and an electrode assembly at one end of the shaft. The electrode assembly comprises a tissue treatment electrode (11) and a return electrode (12) which is electrically insulated from the tissue treatment electrode by means of an insulation member (15). The tissue treatment electrode (11) is exposed at the extreme distal end of the instrument, and the return electrode (12) has a fluid contact surface spaced from the exposed end of the tissue treatment electrode by the insulation member (15). The instrument further comprises feed means (17) for feeding electrically-conductive fluid to the region of the exposed end of the tissue treatment electrode (11) in such a manner as to define, in use, a conductive fluid path that completes an electrical circuit between the tissue treatment and the return electrode (12).

Abstract: A bipolar coagulator includes a connector pin having an offset therein to provide a strong electrical connection between the pin and the conductor. The bipolar coagulator comprises an insulative housing extending along a longitudinal axis from a tip to a connector end. A coaxial conductor having an inner conductor and an outer conductor is disposed within the housing along the longitudinal axis of the housing. The inner conductor includes a terminal portion that protrudes from the outer conductor and has an offset therein to space the terminal portion from the longitudinal axis of the housing. A first connector pin is electrically coupled to the terminal portion of the inner conductor. A second connector pin is electrically coupled to the outer conductor along the longitudinal axis of the housing. The second connector includes an offset therein to space the pin portion from the longitudinal axis of the housing and from the first connector pin.

Abstract: The present invention provides systems and methods for selectively applying electrical energy to a target location within the head and neck of a patient's body, particularly including tissue in the ear, nose and throat. The present invention includes a channeling technique in which small holes or channels are formed within tissue structures in the mouth, such as the tonsils, tongue, palate and uvula, and thermal energy is applied to the tissue surface immediately surrounding these holes or channels to cause thermal damage to the tissue surface, thereby stiffening the surrounding tissue structure. Applicant has discovered that such stiffening of certain tissue structures in the mouth and throat helps to prevent the tissue structure from obstructing the patient's upper airway during sleep.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for welding or sealing vessels or organs by collapsing and elongating a vessel with a jaw-like structure, and then applying an RF current between first and second bi-polar electrodes to weld the approximated vessel walls together. The jaw-structure is configured to progressively collapse the section of tissue to squeeze fluids out of the lumen of the vessel. The device also may include one or more sensors providing signals to a power controller that modulates application of RF energy to the vessel based on power, temperature or tissue impedance.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for necrosing and resecting tissue. A pair of electrodes are placed on opposed tissue surfaces, and radio frequency power is applied through the electrodes to necrose a tissue mass therebetween. After necrosis has been effected, the tissue may be resected along a plane within the necrosed region with minimum or no bleeding. The tissue mass may then be removed.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for removing fatty tissue underlying a patient's epidermis (e.g., blepharoplasty, brow lifts, eyelid shortening procedures, and the like). These methods include positioning one or more active electrode(s) and one or more return electrode(s) in close proximity to a target site on an external body surface of the patient. A high frequency voltage difference is applied between the active and return electrode(s), and the active electrode(s) are translated across the external body surface to create an incision therein. The bipolar configuration controls the flow of current to within and around the distal end of the probe, which minimizes tissue necrosis and the conduction of current through unwanted paths in the patient. The residual heat from the electrical energy also provides simultaneous hemostasis of severed blood vessels, which increases visualization and improves recovery time for the patient.

Abstract: The invention provides methods, systems and apparatus for electrosurgically treating tissue particularly within the uterus and prostate. In an exemplary method, a surgical instrument comprising an elongate shaft having a proximal end and a distal end, an active electrode near the distal end, and a return electrode is introduced into the uterus. An electrically conductive fluid is then introduced into the uterus to distend the uterus and to form an electrically conductive path between the active electrode and the return electrode. The active electrode is then contacted against tissue within the body cavity. Current is passed between the active electrode and the return electrode while the active electrode is contacting the tissue. The active electrode is provided with a surface area which is selected to produce a power density sufficient to resect or coagulate tissue. The active electrode is then moved along and through the tissue to remove, coagulate or vaporize the tissue.

Abstract: Systems and methods supply ablation energy to an electrode in contact with tissue to form a tissue-electrode interface. The system and methods sense, simultaneously with ablation, at least two tissue temperature conditions using at least two tissue temperature sensing elements which are held within a carrier that is substantially isolated from thermal conductive contact with the electrode. The carrier holds the tissue temperature sensing elements in a spaced apart relationship in thermal conductive contact with tissue at different depths beneath the tissue-electrode interface. The systems and methods control the supply of ablation energy to the electrode based, at least in part, upon temperatures sensed by the tissue temperature sensing elements.

Abstract: A bipolar electrosurgical cutting and coagulating instrument for cutting and coagulating tissue in open surgery. The instrument comprises a handle member from which an electrically conductive first forceps rod and an electrically conductive second forceps rod extend in opposing relationship to each other. An electrically conductive wire extends from the handle member to reside within a longitudinal lumen of the second forceps rod. The first forceps rod is partially movable proximally within the handle member wherein a movable electrical conduit resides. Proximal movement of the first forceps rod causes the rod to contact and move the conduit which, in turn, causes distal movement of the conductive wire with which the conduit is in contact. Such distal wire movement causes the distal end of the wire to extend distally from the second forceps rod.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for cauterizing predetermined volumes of abnormal biological tissue using a user selectable or adjustable energy applicator including two or more electrodes having electrode parameters configured cause cauterization of predetermined volumes when operated in a bipolar mode. The energy applicators are employed with a control device that couples the energy applicators to a power source and includes circuitry for interrupting activation of the energy applicator when the current between the two or more electrodes decreases more than a predetermined amount from the current sensed upon initial activation of the energy applicator.

Abstract: Open surgery and endoscopic versions of an electrosurgical cutting instrument incorporating a unique cutting arrangement for opening and closing the cutting edge parallel to an anvil surface resulting in a simultaneous cutting of a linear section of tissue, large vessels, or a group of vessels. Simultaneous with the cutting, the instrument further being capable of either a monopolar or bipolar cauterization of tissue. Also disclosed herein, are methods for use of the various electrosurgical cutting instruments.

Abstract: A device is described which allows simultaneous application of suction or vacuum for evacuation of fat with application of energy to the fat inside an opening in a cannula. A pair of electrodes is situated within the cavity of the cannula just under the surface of cannula tip opening(s) or as part of the walls of such openings. The electrodes are spaced to allow coagulation of fat entering the cannula. Irrigation may be applied in a continuous or discontinuous or intermittent stream within the cannula to cool the tip and facilitate removal of suctioned tissue and prevent buildup of debris on electrodes. A method for using the cannula to remove adipose tissue or fat destroyed by the energy application through the use of suction with mechanical motion of the cannula, with energy application and optionally with the use of irrigation is also disclosed.

Abstract: A laparoscopic bipolar electrosurgical instrument can apply a large closure force between its jaws without damaging the small yoke assembly.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and method for treating urinary incontinence generally rely on energy delivered to a patient's own pelvic support tissue to selectively contract or shrink at least a portion of that pelvic support tissue so as to reposition the bladder. The energy will preferably be applied to the endopelvic fascia and/or an arcus tendineus fascia pelvis. The invention provides a variety of devices and methods for applying gentle resistive heating of these and other tissues to cause them to contract without imposing significant injury on the surrounding tissue structures. Alternatively, heat-applying probes are configured to heat tissue structures which comprise or support a patient's urethra. By applying sufficient energy over a predetermined time, the tissue can be raised to a temperature which results in contraction without significant necrosis or other tissue damage.

Abstract: An electric cautery used with an endoscope includes a hood mounted to a distal end of an insertion part of the endoscope. An electrode is provided to an inner surface and/or an end surface of the hood. A cable is provided to supply electricity to the electrode. The cable extends in the channel of the insertion part of the endoscope.

Abstract: A bipolar electrosurgical instrument having a pair of relatively moveable jaws, each of which includes a tissue contacting surface. The tissue contacting surfaces of the jaws are in face-to-face relation with one another, and adjacent each of the tissue contacting surfaces are first and second spaced-apart electrodes that are adapted for connection to the opposite terminals of a bipolar RF generator so as to generator a current flow therebetween. The first and second electrodes of one jaw are in opposed relation, respectively, with the first and second electrodes of the other jaw. The tissue contacting surfaces are disposed between the electrodes on each jaw, and the first opposed electrodes of each jaw are connectable to one terminal of the bipolar RF generator, while the second opposed electrodes of each jaw are connectable to the other terminal of the bipolar RF generator.

Abstract: An electrosurgical instrument includes an electrode assembly having an electrode mechanically interlocked with a non-conductive body to as to form a gap therebetween. In one embodiment, complimentary surface features of the respective electrode and the non-conductive body interlock the components of the electrode assembly. In another embodiment, the electrode assembly includes a generally spherical electrode that is rotatable with respect to a non-conductive hood. A gap is formed between an outer surface of the electrode and an inner surface of the hood.

Abstract: Body lumens such as blood vessels are selectively occluded by mechanically collapsing the blood vessel and subsequently applying energy or other occlusive conditions within or adjacent the collapsed region. For example, vessel collapsing mechanisms can include spreadable opposed elements, reciprocating jaw mechanisms having penetrating elements, and devices for applying negative pressure to collapse the blood vessel. One or more electrodes can be used in a monopolar or bipolar fashion to apply radiofrequency or other energy to the body lumen in the region where it has been collapsed.

Abstract: An electrosurgical instrument having an active electrode with a portion that is coated with an insulative material. An exposed portion of the electrode is effective to treat tissue while the insulative coating minimizes energy dissipation into surrounding isotonic solution.

Abstract: An apparatus for transcervical sterilization or transcatheter embolization with a controlled bipolar RF catheter for creating thermal lesions in the fallopian tubes or thrombosing vessels has a catheter elongate along an axis thereof with a patient end. The catheter is circular and sized for transcervical insertion into the fallopian tube or transcatheter vessel insertion, respectively. A connector on an end of the catheter opposite the patient end has the terminations for RF and monitoring and is shaped for the surgeon to manipulate during placement and withdrawal. Two or more bipolar electrodes on the patient end are placed so each electrode is spaced from another with each circumscribing the catheter. A mucosa or thrombus sensor responsive to applied RF energy passing between the two or more bipolar electrodes determines the condition of the transmural formation of a lesion or the thrombus between each of the electrodes.

Abstract: A medical instrument including (a) a handle; (b) a cautery for burning a lens capsule of an eye at the periphery of a portion of the capsule to be removed during surgery, the cautery including a retractable-extendible cautery portion being retractable into and extendible from the handle, so as to permit insertion of the cautery portion through a small incision formed in the eye when retracted and thereafter to correspond to a peripheral extent of the portion of the capsule to be removed when extended; (c) a mechanism for retracting and extending the cautery portion, the mechanism being engaged by the handle; and (d) an arrangement for connecting the cautery with an electrical apparatus for heating the cautery portion, whereby the peripheral extent of the capsule portion to be removed is searable by the cautery portion when extended and heated.

Abstract: A bipolar electrosurgical scissors for use in open or endoscopic surgery has a pair of opposed blade members pivotally joined to one another and to the distal end of the scissors itself by a rivet which extends through a insulated bushing member. Each of the blade members comprises a blade support and a blade itself, each fabricated from metal, such as stainless steel. The blades are affixed to their associated supports by means of a suitable adhesive or adhesive composite material such as a fiberglass reinforced epoxy exhibiting dielectric properties. Cutting is performed, steel-on-steel, without causing a short circuit between the two blade supports which themselves function as the bipolar electrodes.

Abstract: An electrosurgical instrument is provided for cauterization and/or welding of tissue of varying impedance, thickness and vascularity especially in the performance of endoscopic procedures. The instrument compresses the tissue between one pole of a bipolar energy source located on one interfacing surface, and a second interfacing surface applying pressure in a predetermined range. A second pole is located one of the two interfacing surfaces. In a preferred embodiment, the second pole is located on the same interfacing surface as the first pole and an insulator electrically isolates the two poles. A preferred application of the invention is in a cutting instrument wherein a hemostatic line is formed along a cut line using RF energy.