Abstract: An apparatus for locating a curvilinear cut in a bone comprises a jig body and a first arm, a top end of which is rotatably coupleable to a first portion of the jig body in combination with a second arm, a top end of which is rotatably coupleable to a second portion of the jig body separated from the first portion and a saw guide rotatably coupleable to the first arm, the saw guide including a bottom surface extending along a curve corresponding to a desired path through which a bone is to be cut, the saw guide including a locking feature receiving a bone fixation element which, in an operative configuration, is mounted in the bone to align the saw guide relative to the arm so that an operator may precisely align a desired axis of the saw guide with a longitudinal axis of the first arm.

Abstract: A surgical template system for use in working on a bone comprises: a tool guide block comprising at least one guide aperture for receiving and guiding a tool to work on a bone; locating means comprising a plurality of locating members, each member having a respective end surface for positioning against a surface of the bone; and attachment means for non-adjustably attaching the tool guide block to the locating means such that, when attached, the member end surfaces are secured in fixed position with, respect to each other, for engaging different respective portions of the surface of the bone, and the at least one guide aperture is secured in a fixed position with respect to the end surfaces. Corresponding methods of manufacturing a surgical template system, methods of manufacturing locating means for a surgical template system, methods of fitting a prosthesis to a bone, surgical methods, and surgical apparatus are described.

Abstract: A saw guide for medicinal purposes is provided, having a handle and a sawblade guide element mounted on the handle to receive and guide a sawblade, said sawblade guide element including a frame mounted on the handle and a guide recess for the sawblade, mounted rotatably in the frame. The sawblade guide element can be secured on the material being sawed and can be adjusted in the position fixed at various end positions on the saw material. The frame is configured as a circle segment open on one side, into which the guide recess, which has an essentially circular base body, can be inserted in a form-locking connection. A stud is configured on the base body extending radially outward and having at least one essentially vertical slit for receiving the sawblade.

Abstract: An extramedullary fluoroscopic alignment guide is disclosed, along with a surgical method employing such an alignment guide. The extramedullary alignment guide includes both radiolucent and radiopaque material. The invention is useful in performing surgery on bones, for example, in performing surgery on the knee joint. The radiolucent material provides a support structure for the radiopaque material. The radiopaque material provides a radiopaque instrument reference that is sized, shaped and positioned so that the surgeon can simultaneously fluoroscopically view the patient's bone and the radiopaque instrument reference. The radiopaque instrument reference may be aligned with landmarks on the bone or other fluoroscopically viewable references, such as the mechanical or anatomic axis. The alignment guide can also include cutting guide surfaces.

Abstract: An instrumented linkage system (100) to facilitate accuracy and efficiency of a surgical procedure is disclosed. The linkage system may be directly attached to a bone and used to register the bone to a computer. The linkage system may also be used to verify the accuracy and alignment of planned resections relative to the bone.

Abstract: A precision adjustable surgical tool holder/driver is provided which is easily disassembled for cleaning and precisely reassembled. The holder/driver has a positionable handle allowing adjustment of the position of the handle about the spindle of the holder to enable the “handedness” of the holder to be changed in order to accommodate a user while operating from the left or right side of the patient, standing behind or in-front of the patient, or for use in different surgical methods. The holder/driver includes a “limited-play” capture mechanism, which connects the drive end of the housing to its locking sleeve via a limited-play locking device. The limited-play locking device utilizes a disengageable, precision fitted bayonet pin and seat combination in part to accomplish the precision reassembly feature of the present invention.

Abstract: A method for forming a tunnel in a bone. The method includes forming a first tunnel in the bone, the tunnel having a longitudinal axis, inserting a first drill guide into the first tunnel, supporting a first tunnel-forming device along an axis defining a first offset relative the longitudinal axis of the first tunnel with the first drill guide, and forming a second tunnel alongside the first tunnel with the first tunnel-forming device, the second tunnel communicating with the first tunnel and defining a single elongated opening.

Abstract: A method is provided for performing total knee arthroplasty. The method includes making a primary incision near the knee joint of a leg of a patient and cutting medial and lateral condyles of the femur of the leg to create at least one femoral cut surface. The method also includes moving a femoral component of a total knee implant through the primary incision and positioning the femoral component with respect to the at least one femoral cut surface. The primary incision has a length of less than thirteen (13) centimeters.

Abstract: An orthopaedic surgical instrument comprising an orthopaedic cutting tool includes a metallic cutting insert configured to remove portions of a patient's bone and a body molded to the cutting insert. The cutting insert includes a plurality of chemically etched holes, and the body is molded to the cutting insert such that each of the plurality of chemically etched holes is at least partially filled by a portion of the body. The cutting insert may include a plurality of cutting teeth configured to remove portions of the patient's bone. A method of manufacturing an orthopaedic surgical instrument is also disclosed.

Abstract: Single use or disposable cutting blocks and methods for utilizing same are disclosed. The blocks are preferably constructed of polymer and/or other suitable low cost and light weight materials. The blocks may be adapted for use with low friction cutting instruments, as well as other such cutting instruments. Several differently sized and configured blocks may be utilized to perform a single surgical procedure. In addition, kits housing one or more such blocks, with or without other instruments are possible.

Abstract: The present teachings provide one or more surgical instruments for repairing damaged tissue, such as in the case of a hip or femoral fracture. The present teachings can also provide one or more orthopedic screws that can be inserted in and/or removed from bone using any of a dedicated driver or any of commonly available drivers. The present teachings can further provide a surgical instrument that includes dual reconstructive wires and associated method, among other instruments and methods for repairing a hip or femoral fracture.

Abstract: A device, system and method for securing a plate to a bone. An anchor device has a screw (with a head portion) and a locking disc. The head portion includes a slotted wall defining a plurality of petals disposed around a central opening. The screw further includes an internal bore. The locking disc is rotatably disposed within the central opening, such that in a first rotational position the petals may flex inwardly, and in a second rotational position the petals are substantially prevented from flexing inwardly. A tool for manipulating the anchor device has a shaft with its end configured to mate with the internal bore of the screw to permit selective rotation of the screw, and a sleeve member rotatably and slideably mounted on the shaft having an end that mates with the locking disc to permit selective rotation of the disc.

Abstract: A cutting block includes a body having at least three sections spaced in the anterior-posterior direction. Each section has a proximally facing surface for being placed adjacent to the distally facing surface of the femur. The block includes a distally facing surface with a rib connecting the at least three sections. The rib extends outwardly from the distally facing surface of each of the sections of the cutting block. The rib spaces the sections to form a guide slot between adjacent sections for receiving a saw blade. The rib has a proximally facing surface spaced distally of the distal surface of the cutting block adjacent the slots.

Abstract: A positioning block (10) for use in total knee replacement surgery, permitting five degrees-of-freedom movement relative to a bone element (39) to which it is fixed. The positioning block (10) comprises a rotational mounting element (14) that is removably engaged to the bone element such that the mounting element (14) is selectively rotatable relative to the bone element, about three substantially perpendicular axes of rotation. A guide body portion (12) is engaged with the mounting element (14) such that it is translatable relative thereto along a proximal-distal axis (43) and an anterior-posterior axis (47), while being rotationally fixed relative to the mounting element (14) such that the guide body portion (12) and the mounting element (14) rotate together relative to the bone element (39).

Abstract: Methods and devices for sculpting bones, particularly in preparation for implanting prosthetic devices to replace articulating bone joint surfaces. Improved bone removal devices including burr mills driven by gears and loop drives are provided. Reciprocating cutters and belt cutters are also provided. Some devices have either integral or removable expandable portions to vary the force and bone resection depth. Devices can have irrigation ports and plenums to remove bone fragments. Some cutters are dual cutters, adapted to remove bone in two or more regions, such as the knee joint, simultaneously.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a novel method and apparatus for performing an open wedge, high tibial osteotomy. More particularly, the present invention comprises the provision and use of a novel method and apparatus for forming an appropriate osteotomy cut into the upper portion of the tibia, manipulating the tibia so as to open an appropriate wedge-like opening in the tibia, and then mounting an appropriately-shaped implant at the wedge-like opening in the tibia, so as to stabilize the tibia with the desired orientation, whereby to reorient the lower portion of the tibia relative to the tibial plateau and hence adjust the manner in which load is transferred from the femur to the tibia.

Abstract: A bone fixation system including a bone plate and surgical drill guide is provided. The drill guide assembly includes one or more alignment drill tubes that are remotely aligned with corresponding fastener holes in the bone plate, and a plate holder to engage a hole in the bone plate. The surgical drill guide is releasably lockable to the plate holder.

Abstract: A bone clamp for securing a surgical instrument to a bone including a body on which the instrument can be mounted, a first and second contacting arms, each of which has a first end that is pivotally connected to the body, and a second end for gripping the bone, whenever the first and second contacting arms are connected to the body at or towards opposite ends thereof so that, when the body is positioned adjacent to the bone, the arms can grip the bone on opposite surfaces thereof, and an actuator which can be moved between engaged and disengaged positions. When the actuator is in its disengaged position, the contacting arms can pivot independently with respect to each other, and when the actuator is in its engaged position, the pivoting movement of one contact arm is accompanied by approximately equal pivoting movement of the other contact arm in the opposite direction.

Abstract: Disclosed is a determination device for the size of a cutting block. The determination device includes the connection device mounted to a tibia to be placed at a top surface thereof along an upper line of a predetermined flexion gap; a body including a slide groove on a central portion of a front surface thereof, a bent part on an upper portion thereof to be placed at a precut anterior cortex of a femur, and a plurality of graduations provided on the body to determine the size of the cutting block; a slider to be slidably engaged with the slide groove of the body and including an indicating line on an upper portion thereof, and a guide to be assembled with the slider and come into surface contact with the top surface of the connection device at a lower portion thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides a device for segmenting a bone. The bone is segmented in two cuts i.e. an initial cut and a final cut. While segmenting the bone, the device is clamped to the bone directly or with the help of a block attached to the bone. An initial cut is taken after the clamping is performed. An upper part of the device is then moved to a predetermined length and the final cut is taken. Thus, the device enables an accurate length of cut to be taken while segmenting the bone. The device also enables varied length of cuts to be taken while segmenting the bone.

Abstract: Surgical instruments and methods for the resection of bones for a total wrist replacement, including a kit of dual broaches/radial and carpal implants. The instrument affords the surgeon the opportunity to set a precise, single window that establishes two parallel cutting planes, defined by two pairs of upper and lower bars 10 and 11 that are found in two relatively movable blocks 1 and 4, along which resection of the bones will take place prior to the occurrence of any resection. The employment of the same instrument to prepare either a right or left wrist and different sized dual broach/radial and carpal trial implants simplifies preparation and reduces operating room time for such a total wrist replacement.

Abstract: A positioning device assembly for positioning a tool guide block for use in an orthopedic surgery on a bone element includes a positioning device having a block body with a reference surface adapted to abut the bone element, and first and second adjustment mechanisms that are independently operable. The first adjustment mechanism permits rotation of a tool guide block about a medial-lateral extending axis such as to provide flexion-extension angle adjustment and the second adjustment mechanism permits rotation of a tool guide block about an anterior-posterior extending axis such as to provide varus-valgus angle adjustment. The second adjustment mechanism includes both a coarse and a fine adjustment mechanism integral therewith. A tool guide block assembly mounted to the positioning device, the tool guide block assembly including a platform portion which is engaged to the block body of the positioning device and the tool guide block which is releasably engaged with the platform.

Abstract: There is provided a method for intra-operatively presenting an approximate model of an anatomical structure by collecting a cloud of small surfaces. The cloud of small surfaces is gathered with a registration pointer having an adapted tip capable of making contact with the surface of an anatomical structure and registering the normal at the point of contact.

Abstract: This invention relates to a technique for performing laminar osteotomy (dividing of the spinal lamina, a posterior structure of vertebra). The term osteotomy is derived from os (bone), tomy (to cut or remove), and laminoplasty (the reshaping of the lamina). This technique can be performed with or without visual assistance such as cameras used with endoscopy, or image guidance such as fluoroscopy, computer tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Abstract: A method is provided for performing a total knee arthroplasty. The method includes making a primary incision near a knee joint of a patient and resecting medial and lateral condyles of the femur of the leg to create at least one femoral cut surface. The resecting step is performed without dislocating the knee joint. The method also includes balancing various ligament tensions to obtain desired tension and moving a femoral component of a total knee implant through the primary incision. The method further includes positioning the femoral component with respect to the at least one femoral cut surface.

Abstract: A method is provided for performing knee replacement surgery on a leg of a patient. The method includes making a cut on a posterior portion of a patella, making a cut on a proximal portion of a tibia, and making a cut on the distal portion of the femur. The cut on the patella is performed before making the cuts on the tibia and femur.

Abstract: A bone plate for use in a surgical procedure, in particular an osteotomy comprises a fixation portion provided with at least one opening adapted to receive a fastening device for fastening the fixation portion to a bone of a patient. A guiding portion of the bone plate having a guiding edge for guiding a bone cutting instrument during the surgical procedure, wherein the guiding portion is removably connected to the fixation portion, and wherein at least one of the fixation portion and the guiding portion has a size and shape which are customized based on anatomic data of the patient.

Abstract: Single use or disposable cutting blocks and methods for utilizing same are disclosed. The blocks are preferably constructed of polymer and/or other suitable low cost and light weight materials. The blocks may be adapted for use with low friction cutting instruments, as well as other such cutting instruments. Several differently sized and configured blocks may be utilized to perform a single surgical procedure. In addition, kits housing one or more such blocks, with or without other instruments are possible.

Abstract: A system for preparing a bone implant includes a chisel and a cutting guide. The chisel includes a handle includes an elongate body having a distal end and a proximal end. A chisel head is connected to the distal end of the handle. The chisel head includes a stop and a blade distally extending from the stop. The stop defines a notch. A mushroom head radially extends from the proximal end of the handle. The cutting guide has a body defining a cavity and a plurality of slots. The cavity is sized and configured to receive a bone implant. The plurality of slots are each sized and configured to receive the blade of the chisel.

Abstract: A bone cutting jig system for forming and shaping spinal implants is shown. The system includes a first cutting jig having a bed with a clamp mechanism for clamping donor bone positioned on the bed. A cutting guide insert or plate is received in fixed orientation on the bed and is further provided with two spaced cutting blade cutting guides which are configured for transversely cutting out a segment of the donor bone with a reciprocating saw or router to a predetermined shape to provide a custom fit lumbar, cervical or thoracic inter-body fusion implant. A second cutting jig is provided for making additional cuts to the preformed implant for custom fit to particular implant applications.

Abstract: A milling system for use in resecting at least a portion of a joint articulation surface of a bone includes a template having a base with a top surface, an opposing bottom surface, and an opening extending therebetween. One or more fasteners are used to removably mount the template on a bone. A guide is movably mounted on the template and projecting across at least a portion of the opening of the template. The guide is selectively movable across at least a portion of the opening of the template. A rotatable mill is mounted on the guide. The mill is selectively movable along at least a portion of the length of the guide.

Abstract: There is described a jig for identifying a point on the femoral head which is in alignment with a central axis of the femoral neck. The jig comprises a first member which defines a plane and has means for at least partially receiving the femoral neck. The jig also comprises a guide member which is mounted apart from the first member and which defines an axis at right angles to the plane defined by the first member. The axis of the guide member intersects the plane at a point which is a predetermined distance away from the means receiving the femoral neck. In addition, the jig comprises an elongate alignment means which is mounted with respect to the first member and which is spaced apart from, but extends parallel to, the axis of the guide member. There is also described a kit for use in the resurfacing of the femoral head. The kit comprises at least one jig as previously described.

Abstract: A device to assist in preparing a pedicle of a patient to receive a pedicle screw comprises a shaft including a tip extending from a distal end of the shaft adapted to penetrate bone. An angle guide is connected with the shaft to provide an indication of shaft orientation along one or more planes relative to a pre-defined position.

Abstract: An apparatus to aid in cutting a bone during a bone osteotomy procedure, including a frame having a first bushing, a first fixation pin, and an adjustment screw. The apparatus further includes a side plate attached to the frame and moveable with respect thereto, the side plate having a second bushing and a second fixation pin. In addition, the apparatus includes a drill block assembly releasably attached to the side plate and moveable with respect thereto, the drill block having a third bushing and a hinge pin.

Abstract: A position locating instrument for accurately determining the location of a cutting plane includes a base connected to means capable of determining the position of the instrument. The base includes bent blades 28 A to 28 D that are flexible enough not to prevent the insertion of plate 24 into opening 36 of a bone cuffing guide. Bent blades 28 A to 28 D are however rigid enough to maintain lower surface 25 of plate 24 pressed against lower surface 38 of opening 36, with the free ends of bent blades 28 A to 28 D bearing against upper surface 39 of opening 36. Bent blades 28 A to 28 D have a sufficient stiffness to provide a sufficient force to oppose displacement of plate 24 that is inserted in opening 36 by pushing lower surface 25 of plate 24 onto lower surface 38 of opening 36. Play between plate 24 and opening 36 are suppressed. By determining the position of plate 24, the position of the cuffing plane is thus directly and accurately obtained.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for attaching a surgical component to a bone at a surgical site. The apparatus includes an elongated pin and a cam mounted to the pin. The cam is engaged with the surgical component such that rotating the cam about the shaft axis changes the surgical component position relative to the bone.

Abstract: An instrument system, associated milling or drilling guide and method include use of a trial implant of a size corresponding to an actual implant for the intervertebral space, with a milling guide mounted on the trial implant. The milling guide includes a longitudinal guide chamber which is tapered from a forward end to a rearward end. The system also includes a cutting tool which is received in the guide chamber in order to form a cutout in an adjacent vertebra. This cutting tool includes a bearing member which pivotally engages the rearward end to form a pivot axis for the cutting tool in the tapered guide chamber. Either the milling guide can be inverted to form the cutout in the other vertebra; or the milling guide can be provided with two guide chambers, to be used with one cutting tool moved between them or two respective cutting tools.

Abstract: A keel punch impactor comprises a main body having an interior bore. A locking shaft is positioned in the interior bore of the main body, the locking shaft defining a shaft axis. An actuator is in contact with the locking shaft. The actuator is moveable between a first position and a second position. The position of the locking shaft is moved within the interior bore of the main body upon movement of the actuator. In particular, the locking shaft is moved such that the shaft axis is offset when the actuator is moved from the first position to the second position. When the shaft is moved, a head on the shaft is moved into or out of alignment with a boss extending from the main body of the keel punch impactor.

Abstract: An osteotomy guide is provided for cutting a bone, such as the medial distal tibia, to facilitate an ankle replacement. The osteotomy guide includes a positioning device having a number of fixation points, a first guide member structured to align with a first portion of the bone, in order to perform a first procedure, thereon, and a second guide member structured to align with a second portion of the bone, in order to perform a second procedure thereon. The fixation points engage the bone and maintain alignment of the first guide member with respect to the first portion during the first procedure, and maintain alignment of the second guide member with respect to the second portion during the second procedure, in order that the first procedure and the second procedure are substantially reproducible.

Abstract: A method of preparing a knee joint for receiving a unicondylar knee implant includes preparing a first seating surface at a proximal end of a tibia, and providing a combination bur template and spacer block, the bur template having an upper end, a lower end and a curved surface extending between the upper and lower ends thereof that is adapted to conform to a femoral condyle of a femur and the spacer block extending from the lower end of the bur template and having top and bottom surfaces. The method includes flexing the knee joint so that the prepared first seating surface at the proximal end of the tibia opposes a posterior region of the femoral condyle and inserting the combination bur template and spacer block into the knee joint so that the top surface of the spacer block engages the posterior region of the femoral condyle and the bottom surface of the spacer block engages the first seating surface at the proximal end of the tibia.

Abstract: A guide for cutting a bone comprising an anterior portion and a distal portion orientated at about a right angle to the anterior portion. The distal portion includes a guiding side, a distal surface at the guiding side, a box-cut shaped opening defined by the guiding side, a plurality of first cutting surfaces disposed at the guiding side at an acute angle relative to the distal surface of the guiding side operable to guide a cutting device to the bone to form chamfer cuts in the bone, and a second cutting surface disposed at the guiding side at at least about a right angle to the distal surface operable to guide a cutting device to the bone to form a posterior cut in the bone.

Abstract: An apparatus for resecting the distal face of either the left or right femur at a predetermined valgus angle relative to the patient's intramedullary canal prior to implanting the femoral component of a total knee prosthesis. The apparatus has a distal elongate sword having a longitudinal axis and being adapted for insertion into the intramedullary canal of the femur. A proximal handle is connected to and has a longitudinal axis coaxial with the sword. A base cartridge is fixed intermediate the sword and handle and has an axial passage extending therethrough. A face plate is fixed at the distal end of the base cartridge and is adapted to abut the face of the natural distal femur. The face plate is oriented at the predetermined valgus angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the sword. A cutting jig connects to the base cartridge.

Abstract: An adjustable cut guide and a method of using the adjustable cut guide are disclosed herein. The adjustable cut guide has a guide surface disposed between an actuation mechanism and a base of the adjustable cut guide. The adjustable cut guide also has an adjustment mechanism for adjusting the distance between the guide surface and the base. The actuation mechanism may comprise an adjustment member having an engaged position and a disengaged position. In the engaged position, the adjustment member traverses the guide surface. The adjustment member may include a drive end for mating with, and actuating, the adjustment mechanism when the adjustment member is in the engaged position.

Abstract: A finely-adjustable resection guide has two bodies pivotally connected to each other. One of the bodies has a plurality of threaded through-bores extending in perpendicular directions through the body. Two thumbscrews extend through the threaded through-bores. The thumbscrews can translate linearly with respect to the body as they are turned. A cutting block is pivotally connected to the body that has the thumbscrews. Linear translation of one of the thumbscrews causes the cutting guide surface of the cutting block to pivot about one axis and linear translation of the other thumbscrew causes the cutting guide surface to pivot about another axis that is perpendicular to the first axis. A third threaded member is provided to adjust the proximal-distal position of the cutting guide surface.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an arthroplasty jig is disclosed herein. The method may include the following: generate a bone model, wherein the bone model includes a three dimensional computer model of at least a portion of a joint surface of a bone of a patient joint to undergo an arthroplasty procedure; generate an implant model, wherein the implant model includes a three dimensional computer model of at least a portion of a joint surface of an arthroplasty implant to be used in the arthroplasty procedure; assess a characteristic associated with the patient joint; generate a modified joint surface of the implant model by modifying at least a portion of a joint surface of the implant model according to the characteristic; and shape match the modified joint surface of the implant model and a corresponding joint surface of the bone model.

Abstract: A cutting guide for removal of bone during arthroplasty. The cutting guide includes a housing having a first portion and a second portion. The first portion includes an attachment mechanism adapted to couple the housing to the bone during arthroplasty and the second portion including a wall defining a continuous path. A blade for cutting the bone is also included, such that the blade slides along the arcuate recess, cutting the bone in a shape matching the continuous path.

Abstract: A milling tool system for accurately preparing a portion of the tibia preparatory to making femoral resections. The milling too system provides a minimally invasive procedure to provide an aperture within an exposed surface of the tibia, the aperture then being used as a referencing surface to accurately resect the femur. Once the femur resections have been made, the remaining uncut portions of the tibia are exposed and easily accessible for the tibial resections.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an arthroplasty jig is disclosed herein. The method may include the following: generate two dimensional image data of a patient joint to undergo arthroplasty, identify in the two dimensional image data a first point corresponding to an articular surface of a bone forming the joint, identify a second point corresponding to an articular surface of an implant, identify a location of a resection plane when the first point is correlated with the second point, and create the arthroplasty jig with a resection guide located according to the identified location of the resection plane.

Abstract: A multi-positionable cut guide including a bone attachment device, base, and guide member. Bone attachment device is adapted to be coupled to the bone and has a base receiving portion. Base includes a mounting portion slideably coupled to base receiving portion such that base is slideable relative to attachment device along at least one dimension. Guide housing is pivotally mounted to base and guide member is rotatably mounted to guide housing. Guide member defines an axis about which it is rotatable. Guide member defines an elongated guide slot extending along the axis and adapted to receive and guide a saw for resecting the end of the bone. Guide slot defines a cut guide plane, the position of which is adjustable relative to the bone via sliding of base along at least one dimension, pivoting of the guide housing relative to base, and rotation of guide member about the axis.

Abstract: System and methods for establishing, in combination with an imaging device, a desired orientation of a navigated element having a longitudinal axis, with respect to a bone, the system comprising a jig configured for being directly or indirectly fixed relative to the bone; a positioning head supported by the jig and movable with respect thereto; an angle adjustment member mounted within the positioning head, comprising a passage having a guiding axis, the angle adjustment member being configured for receiving in the passage the navigated element so that the longitudinal axis of the navigated element is aligned with the guiding axis, the angle adjustment member being movable with respect to the positioning head; and an alignment pin having a pin proximal end, a pin distal end and a pin axis, and configured for being received in the passage so that the pin axis is aligned with the guiding axis and so that the pin distal end faces towards the bone, the pin further comprising a light source disposed at its proxima